Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zejellyfish eMeditera, kuxhomekeke kwiklasi esithetha ngayo ukuhlaba kwayo kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani lesi silwanyana segelatinous liye landa kakhulu, libangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ngokutsho kweengcali, kuqwalaselwa ukuba esona sizathu sokwanda kwejellyfish kukuhla kwenani lamaxhoba azo (ingakumbi amafudo) ngenxa yokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ungcoliseko kunye nokufudumala kolwandle. Kweli nqaku sichaza ezona ntlobo zininzi zejellyfish eSpain kunye neziphumo zokuluma kwazo.
Yintoni ijelifish?
Zizilwanyana ezingenamqolo zeqela le-cnidarians (knidé = nettle, ukusuka kwisiGrike). Iqela leCnidarian lihlelwa kwezi klasi zine zilandelayo:
- IHydrozoa: ihydra, i-jellyfish encinci kunye nezinye iikholoni ze-polyps.
- eCubozoa: Ibhokisi yejelifish.
- Scyphozoa: Ijellyfish enkulu. Yiklasi esiyiqaphela kakhulu njengejellyfish.
- IiAnthozoans: I-anemones kunye neekorale.
Zineeseli ezihlabayo ezibizwa ngokuba iicnidocytes, kwaye bawasebenzise ekuzikhuseleni nasekuzingeleni amaxhoba. IiCnidocyte zinovakalelo kakhulu. Zifumaneka kwi-capsule ene-filament edibeneyo, njengomgca wokuloba, kunye netyhefu ngaphakathi. Xa ixhoba lichukumisa umphezulu we-jellyfish, i-capsule ivula kwaye i-filaments iphuma kwaye ibambelele kwixhoba, apho i-venom ijojowe. Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha ivulwa ngokuchukumisa kwethu, nangona singade sifikelele ekujoliswe kuyo kwijellyfish.
Ijellyfish ikwabizwa ngokuba ziiaguamalas okanye iaguaviva. Kwaye zizilwanyana ze-pelagic, oko kukuthi, zihlala elwandle oluvulekileyo. Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo kuzo kukuba zitsalwa yimisinga yolwandle, nangona zinokuqhutywa zitshintshe indlela kancinane, ngenxa yeambrela yazo.
Zizilwanyana ezinobungakanani obulinganayo, ukuba yi-95% yamanzi okwakheka komzimba wakho, kwaye iindawo zayo eziphambili zezi:
- Isambrela
- I-Manubrium (okanye iintente okanye iingalo zomlomo). Ziintente ezijikeleze umlomo kwaye ziwunceda ekutyiseni.
- Iintente ezihlabayo. Zezona zangaphandle kwaye zezona zisetyenziselwa ukuzikhusela nokuzingela.
- Umgudu weGastrovascular. Umngxuma wangaphakathi onentunja enye esebenza njenge-anus kunye nomlomo, apho ukugaya kwenzeka khona.
Kodwa ijellyfish ityiwa njani ize iphinde izale?
Zitya inyama kwaye zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlangane ngobuninzi xa ukutya kuninzi. Kodwa ukuba ukutya kunqabile, banokuhlehla. Ezi zincinci zisikhumbuza i-viscous mass evela kwi-movie ye-Flubber, zine-anatomy engantsonkothanga kwaphela. Unokubona nangomzimba wayo ocacileyo ixhoba layo lokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba lityiswe. Zitya kakhulu kwi zooplankton, iicrustaceans ezincinci kunye nezinye iiminnows.
Ukuveliswa kwejellyfish yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu. I-Jellyfish enjalo inabantu abangamadoda nabasetyhini, ukuba ne ukuzala ngokwesondo, ngokukhupha amadlozi namaqanda emanzini. Olu manyano lubangela planula, eziyimibungu yejellyfish. I-Planeulae ithatha ingcambu kwi-substratum yolwandle kwaye yenze iipolyps. I iipolyps ngokusebenzisa i ukuveliswa kwe-asexual, ukunika isiqhamo inkitha yejellyfish encinci ebizwa i-ephyras, okuya kuthi ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokukhuliswa kuya kukhula. Igama labo libangelwa kukuba zi-ephemeral, ekubeni esi sigaba sithatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu.
Ngawaphi amarhamncwa endalo ejellyfish?
Namhlanje amarhamncwa ejellyfish awaziwayo ngala:
- Ilangafish (Kakhulu)
- Ufudo lwaselwandle, ngakumbi i ufudo lwaselwandle lweleatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
- Iintaka zaselwandleezifana neefulmars (Fulmarus)
- Umnenga ukrebe (Itypus yerhincodon)
- abanye coononkala, njengotolo (Stenorhynchus seticornis) kunye neentonga (Paguroidea)
- Abanye Iminenga, njenge-humpback okanye umva (Megaptera novaeangliae)
- Abanye cnidarians bathanda anemones (actinaria)
- Abanye nudibranchs (nudibranch) okanye ama-slugs olwandle, asebenzisa iiseli ezihlabayo zejellyfish ukuze azikhusele kwamanye amarhamncwa!
Uninzi lwejellyfish eqhelekileyo kunxweme lwaseSpain
uqinisekile ukuba ubonile ijeli emdaka ngamaxesha athile elunxwemeni, kodwa Ingaba kuthiwani? Njengoko sisazi ukuba onke la mathandabuzo akuhlaselayo, ngakumbi ngeentsuku zasehlotyeni, siza kukunika a uluhlu kunye nolwazi lwejellyfish eqhelekileyo eSpain. Okokuqala siza kudwelisa i-jellyfish ngolu hlobo, oko kukuthi, abo bakwiklasi ye-scyphozoan:
Cotylorhiza tuberculata
- yeyomyalelo Rhizostomeaengokukodwa kusapho Cepheidae. Zikwabizwa ngokuqhelekileyo i-aguacuajada, i-jellyfish yeqanda eqhotsiweyo okanye i-curly acalefo.
- Zibonakaliswa ngenxa yokuba zinjalo ijeli etyheli emdaka, ngokuchukumisa okuluhlaza ngenxa ye-algae ethile ye-symbiotic abanayo ngaphakathi kunye ne-protuberance phakathi kombala o-orenji omdaka, kunye ne-ambrella yayo ilula.. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, yiyo loo nto yaziwa njengeqanda eliqhotsiweyo.
- Zilingana 20 ukuya kwi-25 cm ububanzi, Iingalo zomlomo ezisi-8 zigqunywe ngohlobo lweentente ezincinci ezinamaqhosha amhlophe okanye aluhlaza. Kwaye iambrela yayo yahlulwe yaba 16 iilobe, yahlulwe ngaxeshanye ibe ngaphezu kwekhulu. Emaphethelweni eambrela abanazo iintente.
- Ziyi-pelagic, zihlala kulwandle oluvulekileyo kunye nonxweme. Nangona kudla ngokubakho ngaphezulu elunxwemeni apho iipolyps zabo zinokumila khona. Kuqhelekile ukuzibona eMar Menor, nakwiMeditera ngexesha lasehlotyeni nasekwindla.. Ebusika kunokuba kwimo yeepolyps
- Ingozi yokuluma kwayo iphantsi, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba iintente zabo zifutshane kakhulu kwaye ngenxa yokuba abanazo ii-cnidocytes (iiseli ze-urticate). Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ukuba iyakuhlaba, iziphumo zayo zincinci kwaye azibangeli nantoni na ngaphezu kolusu kunye ne-hives. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga kunokuthi kwenzeke ukwaliwa.
Aurelia aurita
- yeyomyalelo Semaeostomeae, Intsapho ulmaridae. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba ijellyfish yenyanga. Yeyona ndlela siyichonga kakhulu njengejellyfish.
- Banokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 cm ububanzi.
- Banesambrela ngaphakathi ukumila kwesityakunye iingalo emlonyeni wakhe kuthe saa (wavy) kwaye inde kakhulu kuneentente ezimfutshane kumphetho weambrela yayo. Ukusuka kwinkangeleko yabo, kubonakala ukuba xa ujonga phezulu, "intyatyambo emfusa-violet" ineentyatyambo ezine, izitho zabo zokuzala kunye nombala wabo jikelele ubonakala ubomvu obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala kumanzi angekho nzulu, kumachibi nakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, uphuhliso lwabo lungcono kumanzi anebrackish.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo azibonwa kakhulu kumanxweme aseSpain, zibonwa ngakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kunye namachibi anjengeMar Menor, ii-fjords kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo apho amanzi angaphakathi angena khona.
- Ngokubhekiselele kwingozi yayo, iphantsi kakhulu..
I-Pelagia noctiluca
- yeyomyalelo semacostomeae, Intsapho Pelagiidkwaye, baziwa ngokuba ijellyfish eluminescent.
- Banokulinganisa ngaphezu kwama-20 cm ububanzi. Iambrela yayo ine imilo ye-hemispherical, kunokuba ithe tyaba, eneentente zomlomo ezine ezinde, eziqhekekileyo kwaye zomelele kakhulu.. Ecaleni kweambrela yabo banayo 16 iintente ukuze xa zisasazwa zikwazi ukufikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-20 ubude!. Into ebonakalisa ezi zidalwa zintle kodwa zihlaba kakhulu kukuba zinawo wonke umphezulu (iingalo zomlomo, iintente kunye nesambrela) iintsumpa apho iicnidocytes ziqokelelana. Bane a umbala opinki obomvu, nto leyo ebenza babe nomtsalane kakhulu.
- Ziyi-pelagic kwaye azinayo i-polyp phase njengezinye i-jellyfish. Njengoko behlala kulwandle oluvulekileyo, kulapho izikolo ezikhulu zaba bantu zidla ngokubonwa khona. Ukuba ngamaxesha abo okuzala entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ke la iya kuba ngamaxesha apho abantu abaninzi babonwa khona.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala elwandle oluvulekileyo, kwaye ukuba bafikelela elunxwemeni kungenxa yokuba izaqhwithi zibarhuqela elunxwemeni, ziqhelekile ehlotyeni. Kwaye zinokubonwa kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki nakuLwandle lweMeditera.
- Ewe ingozi yayo iphezulu kakhulu. velisa ukucaphuka okuninzi kunye nokurhawuzelelwa, kunokubangela amanxeba anokosulelwa. Njengoko zineentente ezinde kangaka zinokuchaphazela umphezulu wolusu, oku kuthetha ukuba isiphumo setyhefu inokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, zentliziyo kunye ne-dermatological ezinokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga. Ke lumka kakhulu ngezi jellyfish!
i-rhizostoma pulmo
- Ngabo kucwangco Rhizostomeae, Intsapho Rhizostomatidae. Bakwabizwa iaguamala, iaguaviva okanye iblue acalefo.
- Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bayo, Zezona zikhulu esinokuzifumana, ngobubanzi obunokufikelela 90 kunye no-100cm. Iambrela ine imilebe yentsimbi, buluhlaza-mhlophe ngombala kwaye inamagqabantshintshi amaninzi kumda weambrela, iviolet ngombala, ngaphezu kweentente emphethweni wayo. Yiba Iintente zomlomo ezisi-8 ezidityanisiweyo kwi-manubrium eblowu-mhlophe. Kwaye oku kwenza isithsaba esinamanqaku ali-16, apho iingalo ezincinci ezi-8 ezibluwu ziphuma ziphela zifana neklabhu.
- Zinokufumaneka zombini kumanzi avulekileyo nangekho nzulu, nangona ziselunxwemeni ngenxa yokuba zifuna i-substrate yeepolyps zazo, kwaye kuba kucingelwa ukuba phakathi kwejellyfish ngabona banamandla amakhulu okuhamba xa besiya kwimimandla apho. kukho ukutya okuninzi.
- Yiyo Iintlobo zemveli zoLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kunye noLwandle lweMeditera. Ngoko zinokubonwa ukususela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla. Ungababona bobabini kunye nakwiibhanki. Kwaye ebusika, zikwimo yepolyp kumanzi angekho nzulu.
- Azikho yingozi kangako I-Pelagia noctiluca, besiya kuhlela ubungozi bayo njengophakathi. Kunomdla kuba abavelisi iimeko ezinzima zedermatological. Nangona kunjalo banako velisa izinto ezicaphukisayo kuphela ngobukho bayo kumanzi aselunxwemeni avale ulwandle; akuyomfuneko nokuba udibane ngqo nejellyfish okanye naliphi na iqhekeza lomzimba wayo.
Enye ijellyfish, engeyiyo ijellyfish ngokusemthethweni
Ewe, siyasicacisa esi sihloko, ayingabo abeklasi Ei-scifozoo, ngoko ke, azikho ijellyfish ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, emehlweni ethu ngenxa yenkangeleko yazo, zinokudlula njenge-jellyfish. Sikhankanya ezona zixhaphakileyo kumanxweme aseSpain:
vele vele
abakwiklasi IHydrozoo, de umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imile okwediski ene "vane yemozulu" ngaphezulu. Bancinci I-1 ukuya kwi-8 cm. Kwaye nangona ibonakala ngathi i-jellyfish liqela elidadayo leepholyps! Ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba kwiibhanki kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngokuphathelele ingozi yayo, ayinayo.
Aequorea forskalea
abakwiklasi IHydrozooBafana nejelifish nge iflethi, iambrela ecacileyo enokulinganisa ukuya kuma-30 cm. Ecaleni kwesambrela inentaphane yemicu entle kakhulu ebavumela ukuba batye. Indawo yayo iqhelekile Ulwandle lweAtlantiki, nangona kunqabile ukwenzeka kwiMeditera. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iimeko zemozulu zitshintsha, iqala ukubonwa kumanxweme aseCatalonia kunye neZiqithi zaseBalearic. Ngokuphathelele ingozi yayo, azinabungozi kwaphela.
Carybdea marsupialis
abakwiklasi cubozoo, zimise okwetyhubhu enye, zineentente ezine, enye kwenye ikona. Zincinci ngobukhulu, zilinganisa phakathi 5-6cm ububanzi. Umbala ocacileyo ojika phakathi kobhlowu namhlophe. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala kumanzi anzulu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yemisinga yamanzi banokubonwa phezu komhlaba, ngoko kunzima ukuzibona elunxwemeni, kwaye ubulele ukulunga, kuba ingozi yayo iphezulu kakhulu.
I-Physalia physalis
Ikwabizwa ngokuba i-portuguese caravel. ungowaseklasini IHydrozoo, iifom a ikoloni yepolyp, apho omnye wabo unesimo se "dada", eyona ibonwa kakhulu kwaye ilinganisa phakathi 30 ubude kunye ne-10 cm ububanzi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ineentente ezinde kakhulu kwaye ezininzi zilayishwe nge-nematocytes, eyenza ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu.
Enyanisweni, ukubamba okulula kunye nenye yeentente zayo kunokukuzisela iziphumo ezibi njenge ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-neurogenic ngenxa yeentlungu ezibuhlungu, kunye nokutshisa, iintlungu ezibuhlungu kunye nokulimala kwesikhumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala kumanzi afudumeleyo oLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki, nangona ikhe yabonwa ngamaxesha athile kwiMeditera.
Apha sikushiya unxibelelwano a usetyenziso olukulumkisa malunga nejellyfish ebonwayo kwindawo yakho, ngoko unokuya elunxwemeni kunye noxolo lwengqondo kweli hlobo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe.