Ungcoliseko yenye yeengxaki eziphambili kwihlabathi jikelele, izizwe ezininzi ziye zachatshazelwa yinqanaba eliphezulu lokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo, ikakhulu kwi-ozone layer, oku kungenxa yokukhutshwa kweegesi ezinetyhefu emoyeni, kuba emva koko siya kufunda Amanyathelo Okuthintela Ungcoliseko Lomoya.
Ungcoliseko lomoya
Ungcoliseko lwaziwa njengazo zonke ezo zinto ziguqula okusingqongileyo, ziguqula kakubi imo engqongileyo kwaye zichaphazele iimeko zokuphila kwiplanethi yomhlaba. Kusisiphumo sezenzo ezenziwa ngumntu, ezinjengokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemithombo yendalo, ukwanda kwabemi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo, ukufumba kwenkunkuma enetyhefu; kodwa enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ngempembelelo yayo ephezulu emoyeni kukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, engunobangela oyintloko wokuwohloka kocwecwe lweozone.
Okwangoku kukho ubukho bezinto, izinto zegesi okanye amandla ajikeleza emoyeni, ehlisa umgangatho wawo kwaye abe yingozi kwimpilo yezinto eziphilayo, oku kwaziwa njengongcoliseko lomoya. Yinyaniso efihlakeleyo ehlabathini lonke yaye ivelisa imiphumo enzulu kwisijikelezi-langa somhlaba, ekubeni ezi arhente zitshintsha umoya zinokuhamba ngokuzithutha ukusuka komnye ummandla ukuya komnye, zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo.
Ukungcola kwe-atmospheric kuqalwa yimisebenzi yoshishino, iinkampani, iimoto kunye nezinye izinto ezikhupha iigesi ezininzi ezingcolisayo, ezifana ne-carbon dioxide, i-nitrous oxides, i-hydrides, phakathi kwabanye; Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziigesi ze-greenhouse, nganye kuzo ichaphazela ukugxila okwahlukeneyo kwaye inobomi obude kakhulu, ngoko ke ifakwe kwi-atmosfera kwaye itsalwa yimisinga yomoya.
Kuyinyani eqhubekayo kwihlabathi lethu, izixeko ezininzi ziye zachatshazelwa ngokubonisa iqondo eliphezulu longcoliseko lomoya, ingakumbi kulawo mazwe anenkqubela phambili yezoshishino, okubangela umgangatho ophantsi womoya kunye nokuchaphazela impilo yabo bonke abantu abahlala kuwo; ukuvusa umdla wamaziko amaninzi karhulumente ekuthatheni amanyathelo okunyamekela abemi kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nezifo ezibangelwa yigesi eyingozi emoyeni.
Ukubaluleka koLondolozo lwe-Atmosphere
Kukho iindawo ezingazange zonakaliswe ngamazinga aphezulu ongcoliseko lomoya njengeentaba, zinomoya ococekileyo onomthamo omkhulu weoksijini, ngelixa ezo ndawo zikufutshane neendawo zasezidolophini okanye zoshishino, apho isixa seoksijini siyancipha kwaye sithatyathelw’ indawo yi-oxygen. carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide kunye nezinye. Olu hlobo lwemekobume, olutshintshwa ziigesi ze<em>greenhouse, lunempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu, luwohloka ngokuthe ngcembe luze lubangele ukungaphefumli kakuhle, isifo sombefu esinganyangekiyo, iingxaki zentliziyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yaye siya sisiba mbi ngakumbi njengoko umoya usiya usiba mbi.
Oonobangela bongcoliseko lomoya ikakhulu kwizixeko, uluntu kunye namakomkhulu, apho inani elikhulu lezinto zothutho ezifana neemoto, iibhasi, izithuthuthu, phakathi kwezinye, zijikeleza; umsebenzi wayo uvelisa ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili, agqalwa njengomthombo wamandla asetyenziswa ngumntu kwanonobangela wokukhupha iigesi eziyingozi emoyeni.
Inkqubo yokuguqula i-fossil fuel ibe ngamandla isetyenziselwa olunye unyango olufana ne-thermal, light and hydraulic power plant; ithathwa njengemizi-mveliso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loluntu, ngoko ke igalelo labo kumonakalo we-atmospheric layer libalaseleyo. Ngokufanayo, kubomi bemihla ngemihla ezinye izixhobo zinokuba negalelo kule nto efana ne-air conditioning, i-aerosols, iifriji, phakathi kwezinye, zikhupha umlinganiselo omncinci weegesi ze-greenhouse kodwa zisenefuthe ekutshatyalalisweni kwe-ozone layer.
Zonke ezi zinto zincinci zikhutshwayo ziguqula imijikelo yebhayoloji yeplanethi, enjengomjikelo wamanzi oncitshisiweyo, ke ngoko uvelisa ukunqongophala kwemvula kunye nokwandisa ixesha lasehlotyeni, ukongeza ekubangeleni ukuqokelelana kweegesi kwiatmosfera ekhokelela ekuguqulweni kwendalo. amanzi, avelisa imvula engcolisekileyo kunye nemvula eneasidi. Ubukho bamanzi acocekileyo kwindawo engqongileyo buyimfuneko, ngaphezu kokuba ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yobomi, ikwanoxanduva lokucoca nokucoca umoya, ekubeni itsala amasuntswana ayingozi kwaye inciphisa iqondo longcoliseko.
Ngenxa yoko, kuvela isidingo sokusebenzisa iimoto ze-ecological, ezaziwa ngokuba zihlaziywa okanye zicocekile amandla angakhuphi iigesi ezinobungozi emoyeni; ukuba njengomgaqo wolondolozo lwendalo kunye nokunyamekelwa komgangatho we-atmospheric, nangona oku ayikasetyenziswa kuluntu ngenxa yobunzima babo bokufikelela kwaye ngenxa yokuxhomekeka ekutshisweni kwamafutha.
Amanyathelo okuNqanda ungcoliseko lomoya
Ungcoliseko lwe-Atmospheric yingxaki exoxwa kakhulu namhlanje, kuphawula ukuba kukho amazwe amaninzi achaphazelekayo ngamazinga aphezulu ongcoliseko olufana ne-China kunye ne-Indiya, ekwaqhubeka kakhulu kwizixeko ezifana ne-New York, i-Beijing, i-Tokyo, i-Madrid, phakathi kwabanye. Ezi ndawo ziyaziwa ngomsebenzi wabo wezoqoqosho ophezulu, ukuba yindawo yemithombo emininzi yomsebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwemisebenzi yoluntu; ke ngoko, amela umthombo wosulelo oluzingisileyo namhlanje.
Phakathi kwezona zizathu zikhankanyiweyo zongcoliseko lomoya kula mazwe nakwizixeko, ukwanda kweemoto ezijikelezayo kwimimandla yazo, ukwanda kweenkqubo zemizi-mveliso, ukungabikho kwemvula, phakathi kwezinye, kugqama. Ngenxa yoku, amaqumrhu karhulumente afuna izisombululo zokunciphisa izinga longcoliseko emoyeni, esebenzisa la manyathelo alandelayo ukuqaqambisa:
Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona
Ukurisayikilisha luhlobo lwenkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuguqula inkunkuma ibe yimveliso entsha okanye kudidi oluthile lwemathiriyeli ekrwada; Lo mlinganiselo uqinisekisa ukuthatha ithuba lenkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezivelisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi eziyityhefu emoyeni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke
Iimoto zezona ndlela zothutho ezisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje, ngoko ke ukukhutshwa kwerhasi eyityhefu kuye kwanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Phakathi kwamanye amanyathelo acetyiswayo kukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zabucala kuphela kwizinto eziyimfuneko, kube negalelo ekubuyiselweni kwe-ozone layer.
ukwabelana ngemoto
Abantu basebenzisa izithuthi zabucala ikakhulu ukuthuthuzela, ukufikelela lula kunye nokuhamba imigama emide ngexesha elincinci. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba wabelane ngesithuthi kunye nabaqhelana nabo okanye izalamane ukunciphisa umthamo weemoto kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi kwi-fuel evuthayo.
Izithuthi ezisetyenziswa kancinci (zombane)
Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, i-modality yeemoto zombane zazalwa, ngokusekelwe kwiimoto ezisebenza ngamandla ombane agcinwe kwiibhetri ezihlawulelwayo, ukukhutshwa kwayo kwegesi kuncinci, kuthathwa njengoluhlobo lwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa; ngoko ke, imele ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo kumaleko we-atmospheric.
Uphononongo lwemoto ngamaxesha
Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi kunyanzelekile ukuba kuqhutywe uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo, uxanduva lokugqiba ukuba isithuthi siyahambelana noluhlu lweegesi ezikhutshwa emoyeni. Ukujonga ezona zingcolisi ziphambili ezifana necarbon monoxide, iihydrocarbons, initrogen oxides kunye nolawulo lokukhutshwa komphunga.
Ukuhamba nokukhwela ibhayisekile
Kwiihambo ezimfutshane kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iibhayisekile, imele indlela yezothutho esebenzisana nempilo yabantu kwaye icuthe ukugcwala kweemoto.
Izitshizi ezikhupha iigesi ezimbalwa ezingcolisayo
Iigesi ze-Greenhouse zikhuthazwa yimveliso ye-aerosol, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izitya ezibonisa umxholo ophantsi weegesi ezinobungozi, oku kuqinisekiswa kwisiqinisekiso esibonwa kwintengiso yayo.
Unakekele iindawo eziluhlaza
Njengoko inani labantu bezixeko lisanda, imfuno yemithombo yendalo kunye nokukhula kophuhliso lwedolophu yanda, okubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweendawo ezininzi eziluhlaza kunye nokubeka imimandla kuxinzelelo lwasemaphandleni; ukongeza kwimpembelelo ephezulu emoyeni ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwegesi ngexesha lokwakha. Eyona nto iphambili yokunciphisa ungcoliseko kukugcina iindawo eziluhlaza kwiindawo ezisezidolophini nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nedolophu, ekubeni zisebenzisana nokugcinwa komoya ngaphakathi kwazo.
Amanyathelo okuNqanda uNgcoliseko loMoya eKhaya
Ukungcola komoya kudibaniswa nefuthe eliphezulu leegesi eziphuma kwiimoto, kwiindawo zoshishino, phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa kukwakho ipesenti evela kumakhaya afana nokusetyenziswa kweefriji kunye ne-air conditioning; Ukongeza, njengabantu ngabanye sinokuphembelela le nto ngokutshaya kunye nomsi wecuba. Ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo ngumsebenzi wawo wonke umntu, ukuqala ekhaya, nanga amanye amacebiso:
Sebenzisa iibhalbhu zamandla aphantsi
Iibhalbhu zokukhanya ezisezantsi, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-bulbs ze-LED, zithathwa njengeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuveliswa kwazo ngezinto ezingcolisa kancinci kunye neenkqubo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo; ukonga imali kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo emoyeni.
Musa ukuchitha amanzi
Enye yezinto ezixhalabisayo kukumoshwa kwamanzi ezindlini, eziofisini nakweminye imimandla yasezidolophini, ingakumbi xa kuhlanjwa, kusetyenziswa iitephu okanye inkqubo yokuzaliswa kabini kwamaqula. Zonke zimela inkcitho yamandla egqithisileyo kunye nokusebenzisana nokungcoliseka kwe-atmosphere, ekucetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ulawulo olungqongqo lweempompo zamanzi kwaye ugweme inkcitho yolwelo olubalulekileyo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezizinzileyo
Kwizityalo, iimveliso zemichiza zisetyenziselwa ukukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kokutya okuthile, okuchaphazela imeko yabo yendalo kunye nokungcolisa okusingqongileyo kwinkqubo. Kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso ukufumana ukutya okunempilo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bomhlaba.
Kuphephe ukusebenzisa umatshini wokuhlamba izitya
Yinkqubo yokuzihlamba yempahla yasekhaya, ebangela ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kwamandla kunye namanzi; ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto zokugalela okanye ezingaboliyo.
Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-air conditioning
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-air conditioning ingakumbi ehlotyeni okanye ngamaxesha embalela, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu apho imimandla eyahlukeneyo iphantsi kwayo, kubangele ukwanda kokuwohloka kocwecwe lwe-ozone; Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe abalandeli abagcina ikhaya lipholile kakhulu emini kwaye banciphise impembelelo yalo emoyeni.
Gcina izityalo ngaphakathi endlwini
Izityalo zinoxanduva lokuqhuba enye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo ze-biochemical kwiplanethi, kukuveliswa kweoksijini nge-photosynthesis, ziyakwazi ukufunxa i-carbon dioxide ejikelezileyo, zisebenza njenge-air purifier kunye nokuvumela ukuphucula umgangatho wayo.
Sebenzisa ii-extractors
Ii-extractors zinoxanduva lokugcina ukujikeleza komoya kunye nokuvumela ukungena komoya kwezo ndawo zivaliweyo njengekhitshi, amagumbi okulala, amagumbi okuhlambela, phakathi kwabanye. Ukubangela ukuba iigesi ezinokuthi zigxininiswe ukuba zisasazeke kwaye zingachaphazeli impilo yabantu abakhoyo.
Musa ukutshaya kwiindawo ezivaliweyo
Kuphephe ukutshaya kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, ekubeni iigesi neetyhefu eziphuma kwicuba okanye icuba ziqokelelana, yaye kuyacebiseka ukuba ukwenze oko kwimibhobho okanye kwiindawo ezinomoya.
Sebenzisa izicoci zomoya
Abahlambululi bomoya banoxanduva lokucoca yonke indawo, ukuvumela umoya ophilileyo kubantu abakujikelezileyo; Olu hlobo lwesixhobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ngabo baneengxaki zokuphefumla okanye abakwaliwayo.
Impembelelo yoNgcoliseko lwe-Atmospheric
Ungcoliseko lomoya ngomnye wezona zizathu ziphambili zezifo kubemi, ngokutsho koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) kucingwa ukuba malunga ne-1,3 yezigidi zabantu ngonyaka bayagula ngenxa yeengxaki zokuphefumla, ziba nzima kwaye zibangele ukufa. I-50% yala manani ihlala kumazwe angathathi ntweni, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zingamazwe angenayo imithetho elawula olu hlobo longcoliseko. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kungcoliseko lomoya kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo, masazise ezinye zazo:
Ukwanda kweziganeko zokungalungi
I-allergies yindlela yokusabela kwi-immune system, idala ubuntununtunu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ulusu, ukutya okanye ukuphefumla; ibalaselisa le yokugqibela ukuvelisa irhinitis, isifuba kunye ne-atopic eczema (abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabantu abadala), kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho ukwanda kolu hlobo lwe-allergies kubalelwa kumazinga aphezulu ongcoliseko lomoya lwasekhaya, olungapheliyo kwaye lubangela ukufa kwabantu. .
Ukwanda kwisifo senhliziyo
Izifo zentliziyo zihambelana nokusilela kwentliziyo, ukuvelisa ubunzima kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza komzimba womntu. Okwangoku kucingwa ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya lukwindawo yesithoba kwizifo zentliziyo, oku kungenxa yokuqokelelwa kweegesi kunye nezinto ezinokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ukudumba kwenkqubo, i-aerothrombosis kunye ne-arrhythmogenesis ebantwini.
Ukwandiswa kwe-pathologies yokuphefumula
Ukwanda kwezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla kuye kwabonwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo, njengokungaphumeleli kokuphefumla, i-diphtheria, i-bronchitis ebukhali, ukukhwehlela, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary obstructive kunye nabanye.
Ukwanda kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza kubemi
Ukuvezwa okuphezulu kumasuntswana axhonywe emoyeni kunye neegesi eziyingozi ezikhutshwa yimithombo eyahlukeneyo (iindlela zothutho, amashishini, ii-aerosols) zibonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza, ngakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga; Ukuma kwabo bantu baphuhlisa imihla ngemihla kumacandelo amashishini kunye nabemi abaninzi, ngenxa yokuvezwa kwabo ngakumbi kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo:
Ukubaluleka kwamanzi kwiZintu eziPhilayo
Ubume beNdalo kunye neNkcubeko