Matsutake (I-Tricholoma matsutake) yi ikhowa ifuna: ayizinzeli ingca ekwindla etyebileyo ngamagqabi kunye ne-humus, kodwa ikhetha amahlathi aphazanyiswa ndoda. Luhlobo olukwaziyo ukunyamezela iintlekele zendalo esingqongileyo, akuyonto nje ukuba kuthiwe yayibubomi bokuqala ukuvela emva kokudubula kwebhombu yeathom eHiroshima ngowe-1945. japan obomvu pine (UPinus densiflora) ngoyena mamkeli uxhaphakileyo, kananjalo bakhetha i imihlaba enelanga kunye nezimbiwa ezishiywe kukugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa yi ndoda, kodwa namhlanje ingqokelela yale fungus iyanda nakwimimandla esentshona yoMntla Melika.
Isizathu esabangela ukuba i-anthropologist Anna Lowenhaupt-Tsing ukunikezela incwadi epheleleyo kunye ne-voluminous kwi-matsutake enesihloko esithi " Umngundo ekupheleni kwehlabathi. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlala kumabhodlo ongxowankulu ” (Keller, 2021). Kuyo kukho imigqaliselo ethile awakwazi ukuyibona kwiminyaka yakhe esixhenxe yophando kwintsimi. Umba osisiseko wale fungus kukuba, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu lehlabathi ngesizathu esilula kakhulu: ayinakulinywa, kodwa umntu unokudala iimeko zokuba ikhule; oku kucacisa ukuba kutheni sithetha ngeemekobume eziphazamisekileyo.
Matsutake, eyona mushroom ixabisekileyo
Matsutake Tricholoma ngenene ngumngundo oxhaphakileyo emhlabeni, nto leyo ethetha ukuba indawo yokuhlala iseMelika, eYurophu naseAsia. Ngokwale thiyori kuya kuba lula ukuyifumana kunye nokuthengisa, kwaye kungabizi. Kodwa njengoko sesibonile, kunjalo ngokweneneKufuneka iimeko ezikhethekileyo kakhulu ukukhula, ngoko ukuba ubona enye, kusenokudlula iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ufumane enye.
Ifunyanwa ikakhulu kwindawo ephantsi yamahlathi ashinyeneyo, eyondliwe yimihlaba efumileyo ngokukodwa. Kuxatyiswa kakhulu njengokutya kwakhona ngamaxhama, oonomatse kunye nemivundla, ukuze ufumane yonke kwaye ilungele imarike kufuneka "uguqe".
Yiyo loo nto kwiimarike zasempuma, apho i-fungus ye-Tricholoma Matsutake ixabiswa kakhulu-ngokupheka kunye namayeza-, bayayixabisa kumawaka eeuro. Ukwanaye no "welewele" I-Tricholoma nauseosum ungabhidaniswa noMatsutake. Obu bunzima bukwayinxalenye yexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso layo. Ukufumana, ukuqaphela kunye nokuqokelela le fungus akuyona into elula.
Esona sipho silungileyo
Isithethe saseJapan sithi i-mushroom ilungile ukuba ithe yathengwa inikezelwa, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu akafane agqibe kwelokuba azithengele; matsutake ke ngoko ithatha indima yesipho: yimveliso yehlabathi nge intsingiselo yenkcubeko eyomeleleyo.
Ingqwalasela ye-anthropologist igxile ngakumbi kwi ikhonkco phakathi koqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwiindlela zabo zokunxibelelana kunye nakwiimeko zokusebenza zabazingeli be-matsutake, abaninzi babo bagxininiswe e-Oregon. Nangona isuka eJapan, ikweli lizwe laseMelika apho ikhula ngamanani amakhulu kwaye kanye kanye ngeli xesha apho uhlalutyo lwe-anthropological kaTsing luqala khona apho ubungxowankulu budlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ama-mushroom, emva kokuqokelela, abe yimpahla yefandesi, emva kokuba ifunyenwe yiloo nto kuthiwa. Abathengi, udlulele ezandleni ze abathwali ngobuninzi, abajongene nokuhlanganisa amakhowa kunye nokuwalungiselela ukuthunyelwa eMpuma. Abazingeli bamakhowa baphila ubomi babo kwiimeko ezinobungozi, amaxesha amaninzi ngamagqala okanye abafuduki abangabhalwanga phantsi, Ngamadoda athi yonke imihla azame ukukhulula ubomi bawo egameni lenkululeko., ukungabukhathaleli ubomi obuxhomekeke kubasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. Oko thina bazingeli bamakhowa sibhaptiziweyo bubungxowankulu obukhethekileyo apho iyantlukwano kunye nongcoliseko ngabona baphambili.
Ukwahluka kunye nongcoliseko
Onke anamabali okungcoliseka emva komhlana wabo, kodwa umntu uhlala ethanda ukulibala ngabo, kwaye kuyabulela kubo ukuba amathuba okuvela kwehlabathi ezihambelanayo avuleleka:
"Indaleko 'yeegos' yethu sele ingcoliswe ngamabali okudibana; sele sixubene nabanye kwanangaphambi kokuqala nayiphi na intsebenziswano entsha. Okubi nangakumbi, sizifumana sivaleleke kwiiprojekthi ezisenzakalisa kakhulu. Ukwahlukana okusivumela ukuba sisebenzisane kuvela kwiimbali zokutshabalalisa, i-impiriyalizim, njl. Ungcoliso luvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo,” utsho njalo isazi ngemvelaphi yabantu uAnna Lowenhaupt Tsing.
Ukuphazamiseka, utshintsho kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ezibangela utshintsho olongezelelweyo kwi-ecosystem, inokuhlaziya i-ecologies kodwa kwakhona itshabalalise. Umlinganiselo wokuphazamiseka ngokuqinisekileyo unokuhluka, kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko yimeko apho ingcamango yomonakalo ayidibanisi ngokuyimfuneko; elo le-matsutake libali lokuphazamiseka kwe-anthropogenic eye yavelisa ubudlelwane bendalo.
Los iziphumo zamanxuwa amashishini malunga nezidalwa eziphilayo zingahluka, ukumbiwa kwegolide kwezinye iintlobo kunye nentlekele kwabanye; embindini sifumana i-matsutake mushroom, ekwazi ukuvelisa ihlabathi. Yintoni i-anthropologist yaseMelika engathanda ukuyigxininisa kukuba:
“Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukudibana kweentlobo ngeentlobo; yiyo loo nto ihlabathi lihlala linezinto ezingafaniyo nendalo ngaphandle kwamandla omanyano lwehlabathi […] Kumdlalo wamandla wehlabathi, ukudibana okungamiselwanga kusabalulekile».
I-Tricholoma Matsutake mushroom: yintoni na kwaye ungayifumana phi
ngumngundo inqabile, imnandi, Ixabiseke kakhulu kangangokuba isetyenziswa kubungakanani bemizuzu… iphinki, iimvuthuluka ezimbalwa… kwiiresiphi ze ikhitshi eliphezulu.
Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo:
amakhowa matsutake Zinkulu kwaye zinevumba elimnandi. IMatsutake ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo eFinland kufutshane nemithi yepine, eneneni inokubizwa ngokuba ngamakhowa epine. Umbala wesigqoko uyahluka ukusuka kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumnyama omnyama, phantse njenge-tar. Ububanzi bomnqwazi buvela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-20 cm. Izikali ezinkulu ezimnyama ezimdaka ngevelvety zibambelela kumphezulu wecap. Isiqu si-5 ukuya kwi-20 cm ubude kunye ne-1,5 ukuya kwi-2,5 cm ububanzi. Une cylindrical ngokwemilo okanye banzi kancinci ukuya emazantsi. Isiqu sinokugoba, sidlulele ngokunzulu emhlabeni kwaye sinamathele ngokuqinileyo kwisiseko. Iigill zimhlophe kwaye zikhutshiwe. Kwimizekelo emincinci, iigill zigqunywe sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esithi ekuhambeni kwexesha sishiye isangqa esinoboya sijikeleze phezulu kwesiqu. Ngaphezu kweringi, isiqu simhlophe ngelixa ngaphantsi sinoyilo olumdaka. Inyama iqinile kwaye imhlophe kwaye igcina kakuhle.
Iintlobo ezifanayo:
Undoqo ekuqondeni amakhowa e-matsutake livumba lawo elinamandla, eliswiti nelineziqhamo. uhlobo olufanayo I-Tricholoma egxile Inevumba elikhaphukhaphu elifana nelomgubo. Isiqu sawo sincipha emhlabeni kwaye asincanyathiselwe ngokuqinileyo kwisiseko njengaleyo ye-matsutake. i-trichome Umbala wefocal yimpungutye ebomvu ukuya kumdaka omnyama. Incinci kune-matsutake mushroom kwaye ayityiwa.
Indawo yokuhlala:
Ikhula kakuhle emazantsi emithi yompayina kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, asele ekhulile anomhlaba onesanti onomaleko obhityileyo womhlaba apho ubulembu bufumaneka rhoqo.
Ixesha lokuvuna:
Ixesha lonyaka liqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kwaye liqhubeka ekuqaleni kukaOktobha.
Sebenzisa:
Kwezinye iindawo akuyomfuneko ukuphekwa kwangaphambili amakhowa ekuthiwa yi<em>matsutake ngaphambi kokuba uwapheke, kodwa phantse kuwo onke amazwe athengiswa kuwo ayancomela yaye ade afune ukwenjenjalo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze kugqalwe njengokufanelekile ukutyiwa, kufuneka kuphekwe kwangaphambili. Ziyakwazi ukuthungwa, zifakwe kwisityu, zosiwe, okanye kwiisosi kunye neesuphu.
Isetyenziselwa ntoni iTricholoma Matsutake?
EJapan, eChina naseKorea, iMatsutake injalo isinongo esimnandi ukuba zonke iivenkile zokutyela zibonise nokuba kanye. La makhowa aneekepusi ezibanzi, ezisicaba, zihlala zimdaka ngebala, zineziqu ezide, kufuneka ziphekwe kwangaphambili phambi kokuba zivunywe njengezinokutyiwa.
Emva kokuba unyango lokuqala luphelile, lunokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: i-grilled, i-stewed kwiisuphu, ngendlela ye-sauce ...
Iindawo zokutyela zeChic zisebenzisa nje imvuthuluka ezimbalwa, okanye i-zest encinci, ukunika a incasa enamandla nerhabaxa kwizitya ezithile. EMpuma, izibonelelo zayo nazo zixabiswa kwiikhompawundi zonyango kunye nonyango lwezifo.
I-Tricholoma Matsutake, enyanisweni, Inceda imetabolism kwaye ke yenza ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo. Kananjalo ineempawu ezinokuthi zibe ne-antitumor.. Ivuselela amajoni omzimba ngokukodwa xa kukho ukudumba kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulwa nokutshisa okanye ukurhawuzelela. Iyeza laseTshayina liyilungiselela ngendlela yomgubo, i-ointments okanye ezinye iimveliso ze-homeopathic kwaye zifunwa kakhulu kwimarike.
Uyithenga phi kwaye ngaliphi ixabiso
Ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga le mushroom, kuquka ne-intanethi. kodwa ihlala ilungile ukungabathembi abo banikezela ngeemveliso ezithile, ngakumbi amakhowa, nge-intanethi. Kungcono ukuya kwi-Asian, Chinese, okanye ivenkile yokutya yaseIndiya, kwaye ufumane ngayo.
Ingcono kune jonga kwiivenkile zokutyela abayisebenzisayo. Kwaye ukuba uyathanda ukuhamba kwaye unako ukuyifumana, ungahlala uye eTshayina okanye eJapan (ingakumbi iimarike ze Tokio ), apho uya kuyifumana ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa ixabiso liphezulu ngokwenene, ngamaxesha athile linokufikelela e Nangaphezu kwe-1.000 yeedola ngekhilo (malunga ne-890/900 euros). Ngoko sele ulunyukisiwe.