Iimatriki eziqhubela phambili zeRaven, Olunye lolona vavanyo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ziingcali zengqondo kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwayo, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka, okubonakala ekuqaleni.
Yintoni uvavanyo lweMatriki yeRaven's Progressive Matrices?
Ngexesha lembali yezengqondo, indlela echanekileyo yokulinganisa kunye nokufunda ubukrelekrele bomntu kubunzulu obukhulu obunokwenzeka iye yaphandwa, kuba ibiyisihloko sengxoxo, ukufikelela kwiimeko ezininzi kwisigqibo sokuba ubukrelekrele bumiselwa yinto ethile. indawo esetyenziswa kuyo ngokuthe ngqo.
Yintoni u-“G” Factor?
Ngonyaka we-1938, isazi ngengqondo esiliNgesi uJohn c. I-Raven, yazibekela umsebenzi wokuyila uvavanyo olukwazi ukulinganisa ubukrelekrele ngendlela ethe kratya yelizwe jikelele; ngenjongo yokubala okanye, xa kuthethwa ngcono, ukulinganisa i-G factor yobukrelekrele. Nangona kugxilwe ikakhulu (ubuncinci ekuqaleni) kumagosa oMkhosi wase-United States.
Into ephambili ekufuneka siyazi ngayo Uvavanyo lwematrix oluqhubekayo lweRaven, yintsingiselo ka-“G” factor of intelligence.
Xa sithetha ngesi sihloko, sinikezela kwindawo "G" njengenye yamacandelo obukrelekrele anokuthi adluliselwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efuna ukusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele.
Okusixelela ukuba lelona candelo lobukrelekrele libanzi kakhulu, lelona lizwe liphela, kukukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki nakweyiphi na inkalo umntu ajongana nayo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko kunye nakweyiphi na imeko.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba yenziwe ngokubanzi kuba isetyenziswa kuwo wonke umba apho isiqalelo sobulumko sifuneka khona.
Ulwahlulo lwe "G".
Ngendlela efanayo, ubukrelekrele bomntu bufunwa ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo eziyimfuneko ukucalula i-G factor yengqondo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Zezi:
Ii-arrays kwisikali ngokubanzi
Kubantu abaphakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-65 yeminyaka yobudala abanobuchule obuphakathi bobukrelekrele. Le yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo, njengoko iyeyona iphumeleleyo kubantu kwiimeko ezininzi.
uluhlu oluqhubekayo
Ukusebenzisa imibala kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-3 kunye ne-8 kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.
uluhlu oluphambili
Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya abantu abanezakhono zobukrelekrele ezingaphezulu komndilili. Xa bephumelela olu hlobo lovavanyo, olunye uhlobo lovavanyo lufanele lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kubonwe ngokuchane ngakumbi iqondo labo lobukrelekrele.
Iimpawu zeematriki eziqhubela phambili zeRaven
Apha ngezantsi sizakubonisa ezinye zeempawu zeematriki zeRaven, ukuze wazi ngakumbi:
Injongo
Ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kweematriki eziqhubela phambili zeRaven koko kumisela amandla engqondo yomntu ngaphandle kwesidingo solwazi lwangaphambili lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwenkcubeko jikelele.
imathiriyeli
Uvavanyo lwenza ukuba lufumaneke kwi-psychologist: amakhadi kunye neemilo zejometri (zinokuthi zingabonakali kwaye zingaphelelanga) ngendlela yokuba zinikezelwe kumntu; ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nomgangatho wobunzima obunzima ngexesha lovavanyo.
Lawulo
Olu vavanyo lunokulawuleka ngokwemigaqo yolawulo lwayo okanye ukuzilawula, apho lunokulawulwa ngokuzimeleyo nangokudibeneyo.
Ubude bexesha lovavanyo ngokubanzi luqala kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-60, nangona umndilili ugqiba olu vavanyo ngexesha elimiselweyo lemizuzu engama-45 kwindawo ezolileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ezingaphaya kwezo ziyimfuneko.
ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembeka
Ukuthembeka kunye nokunyaniseka kwe Imatrix eqhubekayo yeRaven Ngokomlinganiselo woqikelelo owenziwe phantsi kweefomula zikaKunder Richardson kunye neendlela zokuvavanya zeTerman Merril, ukuthembeka kwaba yi-0.87-0.81, kwaye ukunyaniseka kwaba yi-0.86.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kweziphi iisethingi?
Luvavanyo olubhetyebhetye kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yezicelo. Ewe, iqhelekile kwaye kulula ukuyidlala, oko kuthetha ukuba awudingi isixa esingafunekiyo sezixhobo okanye izinto ezinokwenzeka.
Amaxesha amaninzi, isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinjengalezi: iiklinikhi zengqondo, iindawo zokufundisa, ukukhetha abasebenzi, amaziko okuqhelanisa nomsebenzi, ukulwa nokuzikhusela; phakathi kwabanye.
Injongo yoVavanyo
Umsebenzi ophambili wolu vavanyo kukulinganisa izakhono zemfundo zomntu, kungakhathaliseki iqondo lenkcubeko anayo.
Lo mba ubhekiselele ekukhululekeni komntu ekufumaneni ukufana, ubudlelwane, ulandelelwano okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphakathi kolwazi olunikiweyo, ngendlela engalungelelananga kwaye engacwangciswanga.
Ukusebenzisa ingqiqo yokulinganisa, njengenye yamacandelo aphambili, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba nolwazi lwangaphambili lomntu okanye naliphi na inqanaba lenkcubeko elibonakalayo ekuqaleni kokubona.
Imfundo yenye yezona mithombo zibalulekileyo xa uthetha ngenqanaba lokuqonda komntu. Uvavanyo lwe Imatriki eqhubela phambili yeRaven yenzelwe ukucel’ umngeni nokulinganisa ngokuchanileyo iimpawu zomntu zokuqonda, uhlalutyo nokuqonda.
Ukongeza ekugxininiseni ukuthabatha; ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukusebenzisa oku kunye nokuqonda; njengesakhono somntu ukunciphisa imiba engabalulekanga kangako kwisihloko, ngenjongo yokuyila ngokusekwe kuyo ingcamango okanye inkcazo ngezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
Olu vavanyo lusekelwe phezu kwantoni? Ithiyori yezinto ezimbini kaSpearman
UCharls Spearman yingcali yesayikholojisti emva kwethiyori ye-bifactorial yobukrelekrele (ithiyori esekelwe kuyo ubukrelekrele). Uvavanyo lwematriki oluqhubekayo lweRaven). Oku kwahlula ingqondo yomntu ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini, ezi:
I-G Factor okanye i-General Factor
I-"G" factor icacisiwe, kobona bulumko behlabathi jikelele bomntu. Ubukrelekrele obunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi nakwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ngokusombulula ingxaki yalo naluphi na uhlobo.
Sibhekisela kwi-«G» njengento ethe ngqo kumntu ngamnye, ngendlela efanayo kukholelwa ukuba le elementi ingaba yimfuzo. Kukwabonakala kakhulu kuphando ukuba le nxalenye yobukrelekrele ikhona kubo bonke ubomi bomntu.
I-S Factor okanye i-Special Factor
Ibhekisa kwezo mpawu okanye amandla omntu, ekusombululeni ingxaki, kwisebe elikhethekileyo elingenako ukugqithiselwa kwezinye iindawo. Zizakhono ezifunyanwa ngumntu kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, nokuba kukuqhelisela okanye ngesiphiwo sakhe.
Yahluke kakhulu kumbandela oqhelekileyo njengoko iguquguquka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimfundo kwizakhono ezithile umntu ngamnye anazo, ngale ndlela sinokugqiba kwelokuba inxulumene kakhulu nolwazi lomntu ngamnye ngendlela yobuqu.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuphonononga kwezinye izihloko, siyakumema ukuba ufunde eli khonkco lilandelayo: I-hemispheres yobuchopho