Kulo lonke eli nqaku fumana yonke into malunga ne UMarula, indawo yokuhlala, indlela yokuyihlakulela, iimeko zemozulu apho ikhula kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kweoli yayo, imbewu yayo, iingcambu kunye nokunye, funda kude kube sekupheleni ukuze ungaphuthelwa naluphi na olu lwazi lubalulekileyo.
UMarula
Lo ngumthi, onokuthi uxhamle kuwo ngokupheleleyo, kuba inxalenye yawo nganye inegalelo elikhulu, zombini iziqhamo ezithwalayo, kunye neengcambu zayo, i-sap kunye nokunye, kuba sele isaziwa kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. , esetyenziswa ngabantu baseAfrika ukusa kumlinganiselo omkhulu yaye ixatyiswa kakhulu ngabo.
Ngokwenzululwazi lo mthi ubizwa ngokuba yiSclerocarya birrea; Oku ngaphambili bekwaziwa ngama-Afrika kuphela, awanika ukusetyenziswa okuhambelanayo, nangona kunjalo, udumo lwayo olukhulu lwamva nje, kuba ngoku iyaziwa ngamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko abaninzi baye bayithatha ngokwabo ukuba bayenze ibe luncedo kwaye bayisebenzise kakhulu.
Njengoko kuya kubonwa ngokubanzi kwicandelo elilandelayo, lo mthi uneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumayeza, kuba kukho amayeza amaninzi athathiweyo kwiipropati zeMarula, kungekhona nje ngoku, kodwa kwiminyaka engamawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, ngenxa yeziqhamo neeoyile zayo, nangona uninzi lwazo lungekabinalo imvume yombutho wenzululwazi, kodwa kude kube ngoku lusebenzele amaAfrika.
Iimveliso zobuhle zokuthambisa zenziwe. Lo mthi awukho kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yemozulu, into efanayo eyenzekayo Redwood Yiyo loo nto inqunyelwe kwindawo ethile, kodwa iimveliso ezivela kwiindawo zayo zinokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze kuxhamle uluntu lwehlabathi lonke kwaye ama-Afrika anokufumana inzuzo engakumbi kwesi sityalo sikhoyo kulo mmandla.
Imvelaphi
Into yokuqala ukukhankanya kweli candelo kukuba lo mthi uvela kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo sele kuneminyaka emininzi kusenzeka, iingcali zembali kunye ne-archaeological area ziye zafumanisa ukuba esi sityalo sasisetyenziswa nakwamanye amazwe. iminyaka engama-9000 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu.
Ukongeza, ivelisa iziqhamo, ezilinganayo ngobukhulu kwiplamu eyaziwayo ngoku, ethi xa ivuthiwe iphuzi, ngaphakathi kwayo ine-pulp eyaneleyo, ezisa ijusi eyaneleyo kwaye inevumba, inembewu emdaka, i-walnut. -nje.
Imbewu ifumaneka ngaphakathi kule pip, edla ngokungagqithisi kwiimbewu ezintathu, kwaye kuvela kwezi ukuba ioli yesi sityalo ifike, eya kunikwa iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kumacandelo amva. Ngokunjalo, sisiqhamo esinencasa enokuthi ifane neziqhamo ezininzi ezaziwayo, nanjengoko kukho abo basichaza njengencasa ngegwava, ipayina, kodwa bakho nabo bathi incasa yaso ifana ngakumbi naleyo. yeapile kunye nelychee.
Inyaniso enomdla malunga nalo mthi, kunye nesiqhamo sawo, ifumaneka kwiindlovu, izilwanyana ezinesibindi sokuhamba imigama emide ngenjongo yokutya esi siqhamo, ezithandayo. Oku kuqulethe izixa eziphezulu zevithamin C, ebangele abantu abaninzi ukuba bahlale bejikeleze le mithi, njengoko bekwazi ukwenza iziselo kunye nezinye izinto.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Lo mthi uneempawu ezithile eziwuvumelayo ukuba wohlulwe kuyo yonke eminye imithi, awuqhelekanga kakhulu, njengoko uya kubonwa ngeempawu ezifanelekileyo, ezi zilandelayo:
Ngokwasemzimbeni kunokubonwa ukuba inomthi omnye kunye nesithsaba.
Amagqabi awo aluhlaza.
Ngokubhekiselele kubude bayo, ukuba ikhula ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba imozulu kunye nomhlaba zifanelekile, unokufikelela kwiimitha ezilishumi ubude.
Iimeko zokuphuhliswa kwayo okugqwesileyo kukuba ifumaneka kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, kodwa nokuba iindawo eziphakamileyo ziphantsi.
Ukusuka kumbono webhayoloji, kucingwa ukuba iintyatyambo zayo zinokuba yindoda kunye nesetyhini.
Ukuba apho kulinywa khona kukho imizekelo yendoda okanye yamabhinqa kuphela, ngoko akuyi kubakho siqhamo.
Iziqhamo zesi sityalo zinokuba ziintlobo ezimbini: i-globose okanye i-ovoid.
Ngokuphathelele i-pulp, inejusi eyaneleyo, edla ngokuba mnandi.
Ngesiqhamo unokwenza iziselo ezinxilisayo, eziye zathengiswa ngokubanzi ngabantu baseAfrika iminyaka emininzi, ukuvundisa isiqhamo kwangaphambili.
Ngokwemimandla, nangona inokubonwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseAfrika, kukho indawo enye apho kukho ukuxinana okukhulu kwale mithi kwaye iseBantu.
Imbewu yayo ineprotheyini eninzi, ikwanawo namafutha athathwa njengempilo.
indawo yokuhlala yaseMarula
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, lo ngumthi owenzeka kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, oko kukuthi, i-endemic, kodwa imizekelo yalo mthi inokubonwa nakwisiqithi saseMadagascar. Ukulinywa kwayo kukuyo yonke indawo ye-sub-Saharan, ekuyo yonke indawo esemazantsi yelizwekazi ekuthethwa ngalo.
Uphononongo oluninzi luye lwenziwa kulo mthi, oluye lwakhokelela ekubeni isityalo esixeliweyo asizange sifumaneke ngaphezu kwe-XNUMX yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ngokunjalo iindidi ezintathu ze marula zifunyenwe, ezi: S. birrea subsp. multifoliolata, S. birrea subsp. caffra kunye S. birrea subsp. ikhephu
Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye zezi ntlobo zifumaneka kwiimitha ezingaphezu kwamawaka amabini ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwesi sityalo kwilizwekazi akuhambelani ngokusondeleyo nokuphakama.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemarula
Sele kukhankanyiwe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kulo mthi, ekubeni mininzi imisebenzi oyenzayo, kanye njengomthi. umthi we-cherimoya, kodwa kweli candelo siza kuthetha ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngalo, ekubeni sisityalo esiba luncedo ngakumbi njengoko ixesha lihamba.
Kukho utywala obuthengiswayo obenziwe ngeziqhamo zomthi iMarula.
Kwiimbewu unokufumana umthombo omkhulu weprotheyini, xa uzityile uya kube utya amafutha anempilo, incasa yawo iyafana naleyo yamandongomane, ke ukuba ukwisidlo, lolona khetho lubalaseleyo.
Olunye uhlobo lwembewu kukukhutshwa kweoli, esetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso zobuhle.
Ngokufanayo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ioli ekhutshwa kwesi sityalo inokuguqulwa ibe yi-ethanol njengamafutha.
Emva koko, kuyafaneleka ukugxininisa ukusetyenziswa kweyeza elibaluleke kakhulu kwaye libhekisela kwi-prophylaxis ye-malaria, ekubeni i-bark ivelisa inzuzo enkulu kule ngqiqo.
Ukwenza iti usebenzisa amagqabi alo mthi kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kwabo bangenalo ukugaya okulungileyo, njengoko intlungu yabo iya kuncipha kakhulu.
Ikwaluncedo kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwezilwanyana ezininzi, ingakumbi kwiindlovu.
Ezo zilwanyana ezitye esi siqhamo ngokugqithisileyo ziye zanxila, ngokuqinisekileyo, xa isiqhamo sivundisiwe, kuba sikhupha utywala.
Urhwebo
Isengumthi oneminyaka engaphezulu kwewaka lembali, kungoku nje kuxa usaziwa kwihlabathi liphela, yiyo loo nto urhwebo lwawo lunqongophele, ubukhulu becala uthuthwa kwiindawo ezikufutshane nokulima kwawo, oko kuthetha ukuba yeyasekuhlaleni; Ukongezelela, ukuthengiswa koku kujoliswe kakhulu ukwenza ukhilimu wotywala, oxabiswa kakhulu e-Afrika kwaye ngoko ke ufunwa kakhulu.
Inkampani eyenza esi siselo yiDistell Group yaseMzantsi Afrika. Amabhinqa amaninzi abona esi siqhamo njengethuba lokurhweba nemali eyongezelelekileyo, ingakumbi eNamibia, intsimi eyayisoloko isetyenziselwa injongo ethile esi siqhamo.
Ngokunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yorhwebo eyenziwayo malunga nesi siqhamo okanye umthi ngokubanzi zihlelwa njengezingekho sikweni, ngokufanayo zikholisa ukuxhasa loo msebenzi ngayo nayiphi na enye, kuba ubukhulu becala ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezenziwe emthini. umbuzo kukuba Ziyenyuka xa ilixesha lonyaka.
Kodwa kwakususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edluleyo xa inkampani yaseNamibia yabona amandla amakhulu le oyile enayo ukuyiguqula ibe yingeniso enkulu yezoqoqosho, ngoko yaqalisa ukuyivelisa ngezixa ezikhulu nezikumgangatho ophakamileyo kunoko kwakusaziwa ngaphambili. Ndayazi kude kube ngoko, kwaye ndiyithengisa kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ngokukodwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto zokuthambisa ezenziwe ngeoli yesi sityalo; Ukucaciswa kwale mveliso kukho abafazi abangaphezu kwamawaka amabini abandakanyekayo.
Iimeko ze-Edaphoclimatic
Inqaku lokuqala elimele likhankanywe kulo mba yimozulu, eyahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwesinye isilwanyana ukuya kwenye, ukuba iintlobo ezikufutshane ne-equatorial zone, eziye zaba yi-birrea, imida igcinwa ngokuzinza okukhulu kwaye iphezulu kunezo. kufunyanwa ngasemazantsi, amaqondo obushushu akholisa ukuba phakathi kwamashumi amabini anesibini kunye namashumi amabini anesithoba ngokukaCelsius.
Ukusingise kummandla osemazantsi, amaqondo obushushu aye ehla kancinci, afikelele kwishumi elinesithoba ukuya kubuninzi obungamashumi amabini anesithandathu kwiidigri ze centigrade; nangona kunjalo, la maqondo obushushu aqikelelwa unyaka wonke, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngeentsuku ezithile okanye ngamaxesha athile onyaka amaqondo obushushu anyuke.
Kwelinye icala, kukho into enxulumene nomhlaba, ekufuneka ube yi-frank texture, ethetha ukuba yisanti, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho imizekelo esele ihlolisisiwe kwaye le inodongwe oluthe kratya. imihlaba, kodwa kufuneka isoloko inesanti; imihlaba enzima ayifanelanga imrula.
Ngokunjalo, ipH yomhlaba kufuneka ibephakathi kwesihlanu nesixhenxe, into ethetha ukuba uneasidi encinci. Okwesithathu, kukho umba wokuna kwemvula, kuba olu didi, olufuna ngamandla, imvula kufuneka ibe phakathi kwamakhulu amahlanu newaka elinamakhulu amabini, kodwa oku kunokwahluka ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye; olona hlobo lunyamezelayo amaxesha embalela yi<em>birrea.
Iimfuneko zokulima
Sele kukhankanyiwe kwimiba ethile kwicandelo lendawo yokuhlala, ekubeni isondelelene nayo, kuba apho isidalwa esiphilayo sikhula ngokwendalo kuthetha ukuba iimeko ziyasivumela.
Eyona nto iphambili yinyani yokufuma, kuba abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba yenzeka kwi-savannas ayifuni kufuma, kodwa inyaniso kukuba iyayifuna le nto, kungenjalo ayiyi kukhula ngokufanelekileyo, ngakumbi ngelixa ikwinkqubo. yokuntshula, ke oku kuyancipha.
Ngeli nqanaba linye, oko kukuthi, lelo lokuntshula, awona mazinga obushushu afanelekileyo akwiitropikhi, ke ngoko, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu ayingowona afanelekileyo kwaye akanakumelana nawo.
Ngokufanayo, akufanele ubeke esi sityalo emthunzini, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka unike ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko kwenzeka xa kusendaweni yayo yendalo. Umhlaba kufuneka ugcine amanzi kodwa ube namandla okuwakhupha, kungenjalo unokukhukula kwaye ekugqibeleni ufe.
Ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kufuneka uyinkcenkceshele qho emva kweentsuku ezintathu, khumbula ukuba ayifuni mfuneko malunga nokunkcenkceshela, kodwa awukwazi ukuyilibala ngokupheleleyo, ukuba iyanetha akufanele uyinkcenkceshele, njengoko iya kuba ifumene ukufuma okwaneleyo. iintsuku ezininzi.
Ukuntshula kwembewu yeMarula.
Ukuze lo mthi ukhule, kuyimfuneko ukubhenela kwimbewu yawo, iingcali zifumanisa ukuba unexesha lokuncancisa kwaye ngeli xesha kufuneka uvuswe, kuba ukuba awusebenzi uya kuphuka kule nkqubo ilandelayo. .
Ukwenza oku kufuneka ususe i-pulp ye-nut. Kamva kufuneka uthathe i-walnuts okanye i-walnuts, njengoko kunjalo, ilanga, ubuncinane ngeveki, ukuba liqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kodwa ukuba liphantsi, ngoko kufuneka libe lide.
Emva koko, into omawuyenze kukugcina amandongomane aya kuba sele omile kwindawo enomoya, kodwa enomthunzi, ngeli xesha kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe-degrees Celsius.
Ukuba ufuna ukuba intshule ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, into ekufuneka uyenzile kukukhulula i-operculum kwaye ngenxa yoku ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenzile kukucwilisa imbewu kangangeeyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine eziqhubekayo.
Le nkqubo yonke iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, umhlaba, ubungakanani bokunkcenkceshela umntu ngamnye abeka phezu kwayo, kodwa eyona iqhelekileyo kwaye iphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, emva kweenyanga ezintathu uya kukwazi ukuwadlulisela kwintsimi, ngaphambi kokugqiba. Eli candelo kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuqhuba ukudluliselwa kwintsimi kuxa ixesha lemvula liqala, kuba oku kuya kuba yeyona nto ivumela uphuhliso lwayo.
Ioyile yeMarula iyasetyenziswa
Enye yezinto ezinomdla kakhulu malunga ne-oyile ekhutshwa kwimbewu ye-marula kukuba e-Afrika baninzi abantu abakhetha ukuyisebenzisela ucoceko phambi kokuba basebenzise amanzi.
Ngokunjalo, le oyile icutshungulwa ukwenza i-antioxidants, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokuthambisa ezihlala zihambelana nokhathalelo olufanelekileyo lwesikhumba, olufana neekhrimu; Kukho nezihloko ezilungele ulusu lomntwana, oluthambileyo ngakumbi kunolwabantu abadala, kwaye lusekwe kule oli imangalisayo.
Ikwanazo nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-gastronomy, njengoko isetyenziselwa ukuqhotsa ukutya okuhlukeneyo; ukwenza iilokhwe, iisaladi kunye nokunye.
Isiqhamo
Lo ngumthi onika isiqhamo esityebileyo kakhulu, kodwa kungekhona nje ngenxa yencasa yayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ineempawu ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo kakhulu kumzimba, kwaye abantu abaninzi bade bafake esi siqhamo ekudleni kwabo.
Ukumila kwale nto i-obovoid, ngaphakathi kwayo inembewu ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ubukhulu besiqhamo bufana ne-walnut kodwa inkulu kancinane, ngelixa isiqhamo sikhula sibe luhlaza, kodwa xa sivuthwa sibe tyheli.
Ngokuphathelele esi siqhamo kubalulekile ukuba siveze ukuba asivuthwa xa sisemthini, koko xa sisiwa phantsi, kulapho umbala waso utshintsha khona, nangona xa sivulwa ubona ukuba intlama yaso ilungile. mhlophe. Xa uyizama uyakubona ukuba imnandi kakhulu, ukongezelela, xa uyibamba uyakubona ukuba ithambile, abantu abaninzi bathelekisa zombini ukuthungwa kunye nencasa kunye nemango.
Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba esinye isiqhamo sinokungabi nayo incasa; Phakathi kweempawu zayo yi-vitamin C, yingakho isetyenziswa rhoqo; kodwa ayisiyiyo yodwa ipropathi, ikwaluncedo kakhulu kwi-hydration, yiyo loo nto abantu abahamba kwindawo abahlala kuyo bahlala bebathatha uhambo olude, kuba bevelisa amandla kunye ne-hydration.
Esi siqhamo sinokutyiwa sisitsha okanye siphekwe, kuxhomekeke kwincasa kunye neemfuno zomntu ngamnye, njengoko iijam, izimuncumuncu, iisyrups, iijusi, iziselo ezinxilisayo, iibhiya kunye nokunye kunokwenziwa.
Iimpawu zonyango zibalelwa kwi marula
Unyaka wonke maninzi amayeza anikezelweyo kuMarula, nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho nanye imigaqo engqinwe yinzululwazi, kodwa abo baye bavavanya isityalo, imbewu, i-oyile, kumabango amayeza ukuba isebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yexolo lomthi, isetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi ukwenza i-infusions kunye ne-extractors ukwenzela ukunciphisa iimeko okanye iimpawu zokulandelayo:
- Diabetes
- Malariya
- izilonda zesisu
- Utyando
- Amanqatha
- antidiarrheal
Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yimalariya, kodwa ngokwesayensi ayinasiseko kwaye ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo akusasazekanga. Kwimeko yokusebenza njenge-antidiarrheal, ibonakaliswe, ekubeni isityalo siqukethe iprocyanidin.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqabunga alo mthi nawo anepropathi enokubakho, eyi-flavonoids, ngoko ke, kwiimeko apho kukho ukusika, ukulunywa okanye okufanayo, isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa ulusu. Ngokukodwa eTanzania isetyenziselwa i-scabies, ebilisiwe ngaphambili kwaye iingcambu zibekwe kwindawo echaphazelekayo.
Kwimeko yokubandezeleka kwe-dysentery, i-bark kunye neziqu ezixutywe ne-carbonate zisetyenziswa.
ukusetyenziswa ngokwesiko
Kulo lonke eli nqaku, kuye kwakhankanywa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ezinikwe i-marula, ngokukodwa njengento yokuthambisa kunye nanjengeyeza, kodwa ayikuphela kokusetyenziswa okunikwe esi siqhamo, ekubeni eAfrika bajonge nayiphi na into. Ukuvelisa olunye uhlobo lomthi kunye nesiqhamo sawo, bafuna iindlela zokwandisa ukubaluleka kwabo, ukwandisa ukulinywa kwabo.
Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, kwinqanaba lenkcubeko, uluntu lwaseAfrika luyisebenzisa kwiinkcubeko zalo, umzekelo kwindawo yaseNigeria, bahlala besebenzisa i-bark, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokukhuseleka kwiinyoka zenyoka.
Ngokufanayo, i-bark extract isetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula umzimba ngokuhlamba; Ukongezelela, le nxalenye yomthi isetyenziselwa ukuzingela, xa ubulala isilwanyana, isicatshulwa sidliwe ngaphambili, kukholelwa ukuba oku kunika ukhuseleko lomphefumlo wesilwanyana sokubulawa.
Enye into engenakukwazi ukuqondwa kukuba isicatshulwa sesi sityalo sisetyenziselwa ukubambisa abathakathi abahlukeneyo kunye nokuphelisa iziqalekiso ezahlukeneyo zomntu. Ukongeza, uninzi lwama-Afrika luqokelelana kufutshane ne-Marula ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithethe.
Imbewu
Kuye kwakhankanywa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngeli nqaku kwimbewu efunyenwe ngesi sityalo, kodwa kweli candelo kuya kuthethwa kancinci malunga nalo kunye neenkcukacha ezingaphezulu.
Into ephambili ukuyikhankanya kukuba kwisiqhamo ngasinye kunokubakho ukusuka kwiimbewu ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kodwa into engazange ikhankanywe kukuba inokudliwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye inokudliwa ngamalungiselelo athile, njengeoli ekhankanywe ngasentla; Ngokunjalo, oku kukwaculwa ukwenza umgubo kwaye ekugqibeleni wenze ezinye izitya eziqhelekileyo zegastronomic kwilizwekazi laseAfrika.
Ngokubhekiselele kwincasa yayo, ifana kakhulu ne-peanuts, yinto equlethe izondlo ezininzi, yiyo loo nto ikhuthazwa kakhulu kwizidlo kunye nokutyiwa ngokubanzi, ekubeni umzimba ufuna olu hlobo lokutya. Le mbewu ikummandla waseAfrika uphawu oluthetha ukuchuma.
Ukuba ukhupha i-oyile kwi-Marula, unokuyisebenzisela iinwele zakho, njengoko ziyazondla, ngokunjalo ulusu lwakho lunokuxhamla kwiimpawu zembewu kunye ne-oyile, ngakumbi ukuba unolusu olomileyo, oku koma kuya kuncipha. kwaye ubomvu buya kuncipha, ukunika ulusu kunye neenwele ukubonakala okungcono.