Indawo yendalo intle kangangokuba inika iimbono ezimangalisayo ngezilwanyana ezimangalisayo ekufuneka zikhathalelwe, njenge iMonarch Butterfly esengozini, ethatha umsebenzi ophambili ekudaleni izityalo kunye nezityalo ezikhulayo. Ukongeza, ubuhle bayo buyenza ibe yenye yezona ntlobo zinomtsalane zamabhabhathane kwiplanethi.
Kutheni ibhabhathane ekuthiwa yimonarch lisengozini yokuphela?
Yiba nokuba kunjalo, mva nje, kuye kwenzeka ukubona ukuhla kwenani labemi beentlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, yiyo loo nto bangene kwi-bane yezidalwa ezingenamqolo ezisemngciphekweni wokunyamalala.
Injongo yeli nqaku kukucacisa ukuba kukho Ukuphela kwebhabhathane imonarch okanye hayi, ngaphandle koqikelelo olunokwenzeka oluye lwahlaziywa ukukhusela iindidi. Khapha nokhenketho!
Iimpawu zebhabhathane imonarch
Phakathi iimpawu zebhabhathane ukumkani Kukuthi, yiarthropod encinci ye-9 ukuya kwi-11 yeesentimitha ubude. Ichazwa ngokuba namaphiko a-orenji aqaqambileyo adityaniswe yimigca emnyama kunye ne-white flecks, iyenza ibe ngumzekelo obonakalayo.
Olu didi lubonisa umahluko okhethekileyo kwiphysiognomy, apho inkunzi inkulu kunemazi, nangona imithambo yamaphiko icolekileyo kunezinye. Iimazi zinemibala emnyama emizimbeni yazo.
Ukhathalelo lwezondlo zolu hlobo alutshintshi, lubandakanya i-nectar yeentyatyambo, eziqatshelwe ngokukodwa kwi-milkweed, ibhanari yaseSpain, intyatyambo yegazi okanye imifuno kaMariya -Asclepias curassavica, ngokukodwa kuzo apho zondliwa khona.
Nangona ibonelela ngezongezo ezifunekayo, le ntyatyambo inika ibhabhathane imonarch amandla okubamba ubuthi bayo ukuze liyisebenzise njengendlela yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.
Lihlala phi ibhabhathane ekuthiwa yimonarch?
Ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zoMzantsi Merika nakwiindawo ezithile zaseYurophu, apho ithanda ukuhlala kwiZiqithi zaseCanary nasePortugal. Kwibhabhathane imonarch, ummandla ofanelekileyo ngulowo apho umoya wetropikhi nozolileyo ulawula umoya, kuba alikwazi ukumelana nengqele.
Inqanaba lokuphinda-phinda lenzeka kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka lasentwasahlobo kwaye lenzeka kwizigaba ezibini: esomhlaba kunye nese-eriyeli esinye. Inqanaba lasemoyeni lenzeka ngeli xesha inkunzi ikhangela imazi phakathi kokubhabha kwayo, xa imbhaqa, iyibambe njengophawu lokuba imkhethile njengeqabane layo.
Ebudeni bexesha lamva, inkunzi itshintshiselana nemazi, nto leyo ephelisa inqanaba lokuzala. Imazi ke iya kuba nokukhetha ukugcina amaqanda ngokuwabeka kwizityalo ze-milkweed, apho izinambuzane ezitsha ziza kuhlala iintsuku ezine kwi-cocoon.
Okwangoku, ngaba ibhabhathane imonarch phakathi kweentlobo zengozi ephantsi? Landela ukhenketho kwaye ufunde zonke iinkcukacha zoluhambo luhle lujongene nalo Ukuphela kwebhabhathane imonarch.
Ibhabhathane iMonarch esengozini yokuphela- ulondolozo
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho amaqumrhu anomdla anoxanduva lokulondoloza indalo kwaye amisele ukuba ibhabhathane lemonarch liphakathi izinambuzane ezisengozini.
Ukuhla kwamanani abemi kuma-25% kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ngoku kufuneka kubekho malunga ne-10,000 yabantu abaqolileyo kuluhlu lwama-20,000 km2.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba imeko yala mabhabhathane kufuneka ingahoywa, kuba kukho iingozi ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela ikhefu elikhethekileyo kubuninzi babemi bawo.
Ngoko, nangona i-butterfly ye-monarch yayingabonwa njengengozi ngelo xesha, ukuba inyathelo elikhawulezayo alithathwanga, ukuhla kwabemi balo kunokuba yinkxalabo enzulu.
Kutheni iMonarch Butterflies Inyamalala
Ngokwengxelo yonyaka, kobu busika inani labantu kunxweme olusentshona yeKhalifoniya lehle ngeepesenti ezingama-87 kunonyaka ophelileyo.
Ngendlela efanayo, kunye neenguqu ezenzeke kwimozulu, iphinda ikhulule ukutshabalalisa kolu hlobo lwegciwane elivumelanisa ukuhamba kwayo kunye nentwasahlobo kunye neentyantyambo zeentyantyambo zentyatyambo.
Lilonke, la mabhabhathane kuqikelelwa ukuba ahamba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-6,000 ngonyaka. Ibhabhathane imonarch iye yabhaliswa njengesengozini ngokusisiseko liqumrhu elinobuchule elijongene nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nemithombo ekhoyo kuyo. Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wesizathu sokuba ibhabhathane imonarch isengozini yokuphela:
Ukwahluka kwimozulu
Ukwandiswa kunye nokwehliswa kwamaqondo obushushu kuyingozi eyothusayo kwezi zinambuzane, kuba olu tshintsho lubonakalisa uhlengahlengiso olumandla kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.
Njengoko ukulingana kwemimandla kuphenjelelwa, iintlobo ezihlala kuzo zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ukwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu kunoxanduva lokulungelelanisa utshintsho oludlulayo lwebhabhathane imonarch.
Into ebangelwa kukutshintsha kweemeko zemozulu oku kuzisa. Kwakungonyaka ka-2013 apho amabhabhathane emonarch anobusika obumbalwa abhalwa eMexico kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Sithetha nje, kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-35 zamabhabhathane anabanini malunga neehektare ezi-1.7, hayi maninzi achaseneyo neehektare ezingama-45 awayezibandakanye kunyaka ka-1996.
Oku kubangele intshukumo yokuqala yamabhabhathane emonarch kwindawo ezipholileyo, ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba izityalo ze-milkweed, njengokutya okubalulekileyo kweemopane, zihlume.
Ilahleko yendalo esingqongileyo
Ngexesha lasebusika, kunokubonwa ukuba imida yaseMntla Melika ibonisa amahlathi eentaba asuka kumbindi weMexico ukuya kunxweme lwaseCalifornia.
Nangona kunjalo, la mahlathi ahlala eziva uxinzelelo ngenxa yotyelelo olugxininisiweyo lwabakhenkethi, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethiyo kunye nomsebenzi othile wezolimo ngoonxibelelwano olukufutshane.
Ngokubhekiselele kuMntla Merika, iindawo zokuhlala apho ii-monarchs zizalela kunye nokutya ziphenjelelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kumasimi ezityalo.
Ezi zonakalisa indawo yokuhlala yesiqhelo kwaye zibulala ukutya okuphambili kweemopane zoludidi: milkweed. Ukusukela ngo-1999, malunga ne-98% yezityalo zobisi ziye zasuswa kumadlelo asentshona.
ECalifornia, amabhabhathane ahlala kwimimandla egqunywe yimithi ye-eucalyptus, ngakumbi usapho lwe-Eucalyptus globulus, olucuthwa kukugawulwa okugqithisileyo.
Izoyikiso zeMonarch Butterfly
Siye sabona nje ukuba ibhabhathane imonarch ayikho kwidatha yezinambuzane ezisengozini, nangayiphi na imeko, inani labemi bayo liyancipha. Nazi iingozi ezinokubeka ibhabhathane lemonarch kweyona meko ingenakuzinceda:
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Enye imingcipheko eyenziwa ngala mabhabhathane ngenxa yokutshiswa nokugawulwa kwemithi kwimimandla yamahlathi nakwiindawo ezisezintabeni, nto leyo ebonisa ingozi ekhawulezileyo yokunyamalala kwebhabhathane imonarch.
Le misebenzi isusa indawo eninzi yokuhlala, inciphisa amathuba okufumana ukutya kunye nokunciphisa imimandla efanelekileyo apho banokwakha umjikelo wabo wobomi rhoqo.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezichumisi
Omnye woonobangela ababalulekileyo ababeka ibhabhathane imonarch esichengeni sokuphela kukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezichumiso nezibulali-zinambuzane, ekubeni ezi zinto zonakalisa iintyatyambo okanye ziguqula ukudalwa kwezityalo zasendle.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba esinye sezityalo esichaphazelekileyo yi-milkweed, isityalo esibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bezi zinambuzane kuba kulapho ziphila khona.
Ibhabhathane iMonarch isengozini yokuphela-ukhuseleko
Ukukhusela olu didi luhle kakhulu kuyafuneka ukuba uhlalutye ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo ngakumbi imiba ethile ebalulekileyo kwaye engafanele ihoywe:
Zama ukuba ungasebenzisi i-herbicides, kuba ukuthintela ukukhula kokhula kunye ne-milkweed, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela umzekelo wobukho bamabhabhathane.
Ukujongana rhoqo notshintsho olwenzeka ngamaqondo obushushu yenye yeengozi ezimangalisayo ezizise inani elikhulu lamaqela ezilwanyana kwisiphelo sokuphela, ngokunjalo indlovu esengozini.
Ukutyala i-Milkweed: Enye indlela yokunceda ukuthintela ibhabhathane elilawulayo ukuba lingabi sengozini kukutyala i-milkweed, eyandisa umhlaba kunye nokomelela kwamabhabhathane.
Umlo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo kwimibutho kunye nezinto ezinoxanduva lokusindisa umhlaba ziindlela zokunceda kwaye ziyimilinganiselo enokusetyenziswa ukunceda izidalwa ezizibophelele ngoku ukunyamalala.