IPatagonian Mara yimpuku efumaneka kwiPatagonia yaseArgentina kuphela. Luhlobo oluhlala umfazi omnye olunomngxuma walo ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye lutya kakhulu ingca. Inkangeleko yayo ithande ukubhidaniswa neyemivundla. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale mpuku, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda eli nqaku.
IPatagonian Mara
Kwingingqi yasePatagonia eArgentina kuhlala isilwanyana esifana kakhulu nomvundla, kodwa into eqinisekileyo kukuba yimpuku enobukhulu obubalulekileyo. Sithetha ngemara, isilwanyana esihlala sikhona, esine-monogamous kunye ne-herbivorous ethi, njengezinja, idla ngokuhlala kwi-hindquarters yayo, yandiswe imilenze yangaphambili.
I-mara, egama layo lezenzululwazi nguDolichotis patagonum, luhlobo lwempuku yosapho lweCaviidae, eyaziwa ngokuba yiPatagonian mara, iPatagonian hare, kunye neCreole hare, nangona ingeyonxalenye yomyalelo wemivundla yokwenyani (Lagomorpha) . .
Ithathwa njengenye yeempuku ezinkulu kwiplanethi, kunye nobunzima obuyi-8 kilogram enokufikelela kwiikhilogram ezili-16. Sesinye sezilwanyana ezanyisayo eziqhelekileyo zaseArgentina, ukongezelela ekubeni sikhulu, sinemilenze emide neyomeleleyo esiyisebenzisayo ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza xa siziva sitshutshiswa.
Iimpawu zomzimba
Inkcazo elula yePatagonian mara isebenza ukufumana umbono weempawu zayo zomzimba:
- Largo: ukusuka kwi-60 ukuya kwi-75 centimeters.
- U bunzima: ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwiikhilogram ezili-16.
- Uboya: greyish brown etyebileyo.
- Intloko: Ngomthamo kunye namehlo amakhulu, iindlebe ezinde kunye ne-flat, i-snout ejikelezayo. Umlebe ongasentla unecandeke.
- Isiphelo: bhityile. Ezi zamva zibanzi kunezo zangaphambili; kwaye ubonise iinzwane ezine ezimfutshane ngaphambili kunye nezintathu ngasemva, kunye neepads eziqhumayo zokuxhasa.
- Cola: mfutshane kwaye ifihlwe ngoboya. Incam ayinaboya.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-mara ihlala kumathafa angamathafa asentshona, embindini nakumazantsi eArgentina apho kukho amatyholo anameva, imifuno kunye namatyholo. Ukusasazwa kwayo kwehlile ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwendawo yayo yokuhlala, ngakumbi kwithafa lasePampas nakwimimandla yonxweme, ngenxa yokwanda kophuhliso lwedolophu.
Ubume bentlalo
Ubume babo bentlalo buchazwa yimeko yabo yokuba nomfazi omnye, nto leyo enqabileyo phakathi kweempuku, ekubeni zidibana ubomi bonke, ngaloo ndlela zikhulisa impumelelo yazo yokuzala. Esi sibini siza kuhlala kumhlaba omalunga neehektare ezingama-40, indawo yaso yokusabela iphantsi komhlaba kwaye badla ngokuyakha besebenzisa iindlwane ezilahliweyo ezazigrunjwe ngaphambili zezinye iindidi zePatagonian izikhova.
Inkunzi idla ngokuyilandela imazi, iyikhusela kubantu ekhuphisana nayo namarhamncwa. Enye ingqikelelo yommandla womhlaba ayicacanga, kodwa amadoda abonakala enenkqubo yolawulo ngokoluhlu.
Iimaras zichitha ixesha elininzi kunye neqabane labo, zisiya kukhenketho njengesibini. Noko ke, maxa wambi zifuduka zingamaqela amakhulu emizekelo engama-70 nangaphezulu xa zifudukela kwimimandla yamachibi apho kukho ukutya okuninzi—zizidalwa ezenza imisebenzi yazo imini yonke.
Ukutya
Yeyona ntlobo yezityalo ezizityayo, kuba itya kakhulu ingca kunye nezinye imifuno, kwaye inokuphila ngaphandle kokusela amanzi ngenxa yemetabolism yayo.
Ukukhwelana kunye nokuzala
Ukuthandana namaqabane awo azayo, amadoda kufuneka enze umgudu omkhulu wokuwasukela ixesha elide. Ecaleni lazo, iimazi zingena ebushushwini qho ngekota okanye iinyanga ezine. I-Maras idla ngokuzala amantshontsho a-1 ukuya kwa-3 kwilitha ngalinye, azale amathathu ukuya kwamane nyaka ngamnye kunye nokumitha okunokuthabatha iintsuku ezingama-96.
Amantshontsho akhula kumngxuma wasekuhlaleni, owakhiwe ziimaras ngokwazo, nangona esenokuphinda alungise ezo zilahliweyo zezinye izilwanyana; umzekelo, i-vizcacha. Kuloo makhusi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 oomama banokunyamekela iilitha zabo.
Zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuqalisa ukutya engceni kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 zokuqandusela. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala emqolombeni de zibe neenyanga ezine ubudala, ngeli xesha oomama baya khona izihlandlo eziliqela ngemini ukuya kuzincancisa. Amabele ezi mpuku abekwe kwicala elinye ukuze akwazi ukuncancisa amantshontsho ehleli. Ngaloo ndlela, abakutyesheli ukugadwa. Emva kweenyanga ezisibhozo, i-mara sele ilungele ukuzala ngokutsha
izinto ozilindile emhlabane
Ekuthinjweni, i-maras ihlala ihlala kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-7, nangona imizekelo iyaziwa ukuba iphila iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi elinesiqingatha.
Maras ekuthinjweni
IPatagonian Maras ihlala ikhuliswa kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana okanye njengezilwanyana zasekhaya, nangona ikufanelekela ukuba sisilwanyana sasendle. Bakhuliswe kwasekuzalweni, bahlala kakhulu nabantu, kwaye bakhuliswa kakuhle ekuthinjweni. Kungenjalo bakholisa ukwenza imisebenzi yasebusuku ukuphepha ukuhlalisana.
Ulondolozo lwePatagonian Mara
Abemi basendle baye bancipha phezu kwayo nje isibakala sokuba i<em>mara ayidweliswanga njengezilwanyana ezisengozini okanye ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Onke amaphondo ePatagonia ayibhalisa njengodidi olukhuselweyo. Ukuhla kwabemi bayo kusekwe kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili:
- Ilahleko yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yophuhliso lwezolimo noshishino kunye nokwanda kwabantu.
- Ukhuphiswano lokutya kunye nemivundla yaseYurophu ( Lepus europaeus ), eyaziswa eMzantsi Melika ngumntu.
Iphondo laseArgentina laseMendoza liyimisele njengesikhumbuzo sendalo sephondo ngokomthetho onguNombolo 6599 owavunywa ngoMeyi 12, 1998.
Ezinye zezinto eziKhethekileyo zePatagonian Mara
Iziva itshutshiswa, i<em>mara inokubaleka ngokukhawuleza malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60 ngeyure, ikwazi ukutsiba ngobuchule obukhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abaninzi bayixabise njengomvundla. Kwaye kukuba ngentshukumo enye inokuhamba malunga neemitha ezimbini, apho incedwa ngezikhonkwane zemilenze yangasemva ukuze ifumane amandla. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, le ntonga inkulu isondelelene kakhulu neehagu zeGuinea, ezaziwa ngokuba ziihagu, kuba zombini ezi ntlobo ziyinxalenye yosapho lweCaviidae.
Esi silwanyana sikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wePatagonian ecosystems. Ekubeni sisityatyana esihamba kakhulu, ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwembewu kumgama omde, ngenxa yelindle layo. Njengenyaniso echaphazelekayo, i-mara ayiwaseli amanzi, kuba ifumana amanzi afunekayo kwiingcambu zezityalo, eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kwayo.
Izilwanyana EziseMngciphekweni Wokuphela Ezikhethwa NjengeSilo-qabane
I-Mara ibandakanyiwe kudidi 'Isichengeni yi-SAREM' (uMbutho wase-Argentina woPhononongo lweZilwanyana ezanyisayo). Ukongezelela kumarhamncwa aqhelekileyo e<em>mara (pumas, iintaka ezidla inyama kunye neentlobo ezithile zeempungutye), olona tshaba lukhulu enalo ngoku ngumntu. Izizathu zokuba kutheni abantu bebeka esi sityalo emngciphekweni ziquka:
- Ukwandiswa kweendawo zokuhlala ezidolophini, ukutyalwa kunye nokutyisa.
- Ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.
- Ukuhlala kwindawo yayo ngumvundla waseYurophu.
Kwelinye icala, le mpuku iziqhelanise kakuhle nobomi basekuthinjweni. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuyibona kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana, yaye yayihambahamba ngaphandle koloyiko kufutshane nabantu ababeze kumbona. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwiimeko ezininzi, i-mara iye yamkelwa njengesilwanyana sasekhaya.
Sicebisa ezi ezinye izinto: