Imephu yePalestine ngexesha likaYesu

Hlalutya Imephu yePalestine ngexesha likaYesu Inokubaluleka kwayo, ukuqonda ngakumbi ukubaluleka kwesigidimi nobukhulu beNkosi. Imimandla efana neGalili, uMlambo iYordan, iSamariya nelakwaYuda inxulumene nale maphu. Kweli thuba, imiba efana nombutho wayo wezopolitiko, imfundiso yezakwalizwi, amaqela ezentlalo kunye nokunye kuya kuxutyushwa.

Imephu yePalestine ngexesha likaYesu

Okwangoku iPalestine ayigqalwa njengelizwe elingaphakathi kumbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ithathwa njengommandla kwaye iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zivuma ukuba zibukele nje. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembali ithathwa njengeLizwe eliNgcwele, lo mmandla uphakathi koMlambo iYordan kunye noLwandle lweMeditera. Ukuphuhlisa kuyo uninzi kunye neziganeko ezifanelekileyo zebali lebhayibhile.

Kwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu, kunokubonwa imimandla eyahlukeneyo ebaluleke gqitha. Iindawo apho ulungiselelo lwasemhlabeni lweNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu lwenzeka khona.

UMateyu 4: 23-25:23 Waye uYesu elihamba lonke elaseGalili, efundisa ezindlwini zabo zesikhungu, eshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani, ephilisa izifo zonke nezikhuhlane zonke ebantwini. 24 Lwaphuma udumo lwakhe lwaya kulo lonke elaseSiriya; Bamzisela ke bonke ababenezigulo, bebanjwe zizifo ngezifo naziintuthumbo ngeentuthumbo, nabaphethwe ziidemon, nabanesathuthwane, nabanedumbe; wabaphilisa. 25 Walandelwa ngabantu abaninzi, bevela kwelaseGalili, naseDekapoli, naseYerusalem, nakwelakwaYuda, naphesheya kweYordan.

Ezinye iindawo kule mephu noYesu

Imephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu iqulethe ezinye iindawo ezikhankanyiweyo kwiincwadi zevangeli ukubonisa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo eziphathelele iNkosi, ezifana nezi:

• EBhetelehem: Ummandla apho ukuzalwa kweNkosi kwenzeka khona, Mateyu 2:2
• ENazarete: Indawo ahlala kuyo uYesu nabazali bakhe, Luka 2:39-40
• UYesu ubhaptizwa kuMlambo iYordan, Mateyu 3:1
• EKana: Wenza ummangaliso wakhe wokuqala emtshatweni (Yohane 2:1-12)
• EYeriko: Wenza ummangaliso wokuphilisa indoda eyimfama ( Luka 18:35-43 )
• IYerusalem: Apha uKristu uyafa aze avuke ( Marko 11:11, 15:22, 16:6 )

Ke ngoko imephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu ibalulekile kuhlalutyo lukaYesu wembali eBhayibhileni. Kanye nokwazi iintlobo zorhulumente, amaqela ezentlalo, iinkcubeko, njl. yelo xesha ibaluleke kakhulu ekusiqondeni ngcono isigidimi seNkosi.

Imvelaphi ye-Etymological yasePalestina

I-toponymy okanye imvelaphi ye-etymological yegama lendawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiPalestine, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, yanikwa ngamaRoma. Kuyabonakala ukuba babiza lo mmandla okanye iphondo ngaloo ndlela, beyithatha kwisiGrike esithi Παλαιστίνη, iguqulelwe kwiLatin Palaistine, kwaye intsingiselo yayo liLizwe lamaFilisti.

Le mvelaphi ye-etymological ayicacanga kakhulu, nangona kunjalo ngokwembali, amaYuda kunye namaFilisti eBhayibhileni, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo baye balwela amazwe afanayo. Mininzi imilo phakathi kwezi mpucuko zimbini. Ezibhalwe kwiindinyana ezininzi zeBhayibhile. Eyona nto yayibalulekile yimfazwe eyayiphakathi kukaKumkani uDavide nengxilimbela yamaFilisti ekuthiwa nguGoliyati. Yijonge ngokuya kweli khonkco. UDavide noGoliyati: i-duel yeBhayibhile eyenza imbali. Kolu ngquzulwano, uDavide umthanjiswa kaThixo uyayoyisa ingxilimbela yamaFilisti, eyibetha ngelitye eliphuma kwisilingi ebunzi, emshiya engenabomi kwithafa ledabi.

Ebudeni benkulungwane yesibini ngaphambi kukaKristu, amaFilisti ayelawulwa bubukumkani bakwaSirayeli. Kamva ngenkulungwane yokuqala, wonke ummandla okwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu wawuphantsi kolawulo loBukhosi baseRoma obabuhambele phambili, nesixeko saseYerusalem njengekomkhulu labo.

Umongo wembali wemephu yasePalestine ngexesha likaYesu

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala yexesha lamaKristu, umkhosi onamandla waseRoma weza kumanyanisa yonke imimandla ekummandla weMeditera; kubukhosi obunye obukhulu nobomeleleyo, uBukhosi baseRoma, bona umfanekiso onguNombolo 1 ongasentla. AmaRoma akwazi ukumanyanisa uninzi lwale mimandla, eyikhusela kakuhle imida yawo.

Ummandla wasePalestina wawukule meko ukususela ekuthinjweni kwayoyisa isixeko saseYerusalem siphantsi kweNjengele yaseRoma uPompey Omkhulu ngonyaka wama-64 ngaphambi kwexesha lobuKristu.

Ubukhosi banamhlanje belo xesha, apho amabhodlo amaninzi e-archaeological asagciniwe. Inxibelelana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nezithungelweyo. Ezi zifanayo ezaziza kusetyenziswa ngabo bancedisa ekusasazeni imfundiso esandul’ ukusekwa. Imfundiso eyavakalisa uMesiya, uMsindisi, lowo uthunywe nguThixo. Ngubani owayefakwe emzimbeni, wazalelwa kwikona ekude yobukumkani obukhulu baseRoma.

UThixo ubawo uphazamisa ihlabathi kwasekuqaleni ngokukhetha ukuzalwa konyana wakhe iphondo elikude lobukhosi baseRoma, iphondo lasePalestina. Yaye kukuba umsindisi owavakaliswa ngabaprofeti akazalelwanga kuyo nayiphi na indawo okanye nangaliphi na ixesha.

Isizathu selo xesha

UThixo ugqiba ngokuchanekileyo ixesha lokuchuma kweRoma, apho le mpucuko yakwazi ukufunxa kwaye yongamele ubuGrike bamaGrike. Okukhokelela kwisixa esikhulu seenkcubeko. Yile ndlela ubukho benkcubeko yamaGrike kunye neRoma kuvumela ukuqondwa ngcono kwesigidimi seendaba ezilungileyo zobuKristu, esele ichazwe ngumvangeli uYohane kwisahluko sokuqala semibhalo yakhe.

UYohane 1: 10-14: 10 Ube esehlabathini ke; ke ihlabathi alamazi. 11 Weza kokwakhe, baza abakhe abamamkelanga. 12 Ke bonke abamamkelayo wabanika igunya lokuba babe ngabantwana bakaThixo, abo ke bakholwayo kwigama lakhe; 13 abangazalwanga ngagazi, nangakuthanda kwanyama, nangakuthanda kwandoda; 14 ULizwi waba yinyama, wahlala phakathi kwethu, sabubona ubuqaqawuli bakhe, ubuqaqawuli kanye bowokuphela kwamzeleyo uYise, ezele lubabalo nayinyaniso.

Isizathu saloo ndawo

Nangona abaprofeti babhengeza uMsindisi othunywe nguThixo ukuba abe yindoda kwaye athathe isikhundla sokuba nguKumkani weeKumkani, iNkosi yeeNkosi. Ngokutsho koku, ihlabathi lalinokucinga ukuba uThixo wayeya kuyinyula iRoma ezukileyo yelo xesha njengendawo efanele ukuzalwa indoda enobungangamsha nobuthixo obunjalo. Kwaye ukuba akunjalo nakweyiphi na imeko ezinye zezixeko ezibalulekileyo zobukumkani baloo maxesha. Kodwa oku kukuqonda kuphela kwehlabathi, kodwa kungekhona okukaThixo.

Ngoko ke uThixo uyakwazi ukubhidanisa ihlabathi ngokukhetha idolophu encinane kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yiBhetelehem ephakathi kommandla wephondo lasePalestina, eyayimiwe ngelo xesha buBukhosi baseRoma.

Malunga nabaprofeti betestamente endala yeBhayibhile, kunokutshiwo ukuba yayingabo balinganiswa babenenqanaba eliphezulu lokuthethelelwa okanye ukusondelelana okunzulu noThixo. UYehova wasebenzisa aba balinganiswa beBhayibhile njengendlela enegunya yokwazisa uSirayeli ngeLizwi lakhe. Ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngazo kwinqaku elilandelayo, Abaprofeti: Ngoobani? Abancinci, abadala nangaphezulu

Iphondo lasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Kwimpuma yommandla weMeditera kukho umhlaba onemveliso, awathi amaRoma awubiza ngokuba liphondo lasePalestina. Lo mmandla ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala yembali yayiyindlela eqhelekileyo eyayisetyenziswa ziikharavani ezazisuka eYiputa zisiya eMesopotamiya, namhlanje eIraq. Ecanda imida emikhulu yentlango kule ndlela, jonga uMfanekiso onguNombolo wesi-2 ngasentla kunye nemeko yephondo lasePalestina kulwandle lweMeditera kuMfanekiso onguNombolo wesi-3 ngezantsi.

Iphondo lasePalestine, elinendawo yamachibi anesisa kweminye imimandla, ephakathi nendawo eyinkqantosi kwezinye iindawo ezininzi, inophawu olukhethekileyo olwahlulayo. Ibe lilizwe elithenjiswe nguThixo kuAbraham ngokwakhe.

Inzala ka-Abraham ngelo xesha yayibumba abantu bakwaSirayeli. Ngoko ke amaYuda ayecacile ekuzichazeni njengabantu abanyulwe nguThixo omnye oyinyaniso. UYehova uThixo owawakhupha eYiputa ekhokelwa nguMoses, owamnika umthetho wokuba unikwe abantu bakhe.

Ithatyathwe nguPompey isixeko saseYerusalem, ikomkhulu lephondo lasePalestina, injengele yaseRoma iwushiya wonke ummandla ophantsi kweRoma. Ngoko ke, bonke abantu kwakufuneka bahlawule iRoma.

UPompey, ngaphambi kokuba emke eYerusalem, ushiya umYuda, uHerode Omkhulu, njengegunya lephondo lasePalestina. INdlu yeeNgwevu yaseRoma yamnika utyalo-mali lukaKumkani wakwaYuda, ngenxa yenkxaso eqinisekileyo eyanikwa uMarco Antonio.

uHerode Omkhulu

UHerode Omkhulu wayengukumkani ophantsi, owayesetyenziswa buBukhosi baseRoma ukulawula wonke ummandla wasePalestina owawuphantsi kweRoma. Weza kulawula iPalestina njengokumkani ophantsi kwelakwaYuda, eGalili, eSamariya nase-Idumeya phakathi konyaka wama-37 BC kunye nonyaka wesi-3. Ukubulawa kwabamsulwa, ngexesha awayeza kuzalwa ngalo uYesu, Mateyu 2:13-23. Lo mlawuli wakwaYuda wayekhohlakele, wayede abulale nabani na owayefuna isikhundla sakhe. Wade wayalela ukuba kubulawe oonyana bakhe ababini kuba esoyika ukugxothwa.

Kwelinye icala, uKumkani wakwaYuda, uHerode Omkhulu, wakhuthaza izakhiwo ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo kuloo mmandla. Ndakha isixeko saselwandle saseKesareya, ndicingela ukwakha yonke into eyimfuneko nangokwemeko yesixeko samaGrike saloo mihla. Ngendlela efanayo, wakha izibuko elingaqhelekanga nelibalulekileyo kweso sixeko.

UHerode omkhulu ekukhuthazeni kwakhe imisebenzi, impumelelo:

• Yakha kwakhona isixeko samandulo saseSamariya
• Ndakha iinqaba ezinkulu
• Wazihlaziya iinqaba ezazikho, waza wakha kuzo iibhotwe ezibalaseleyo
• Wakha iholo yemidlalo yeqonga, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga kunye neqonga leehippodrome

Noko ke, owona msebenzi mkhulu kaHerode yayikukuvuselela itempile yaseYerusalem. Ulwakhiwo ngokutsha endilwenza ngobungangamsha obungaqhelekanga.

uHerode neSanhedrin

Ngokuphathelele inkalo yonqulo, uHerode wayitshintsha ngokuphawulekayo iSanhedrin yamaYuda neyayingqamana nesikhundla soMbingeleli Omkhulu. Isikhundla soMbingeleli Omkhulu ngaphambi korhulumente kaHerode sasinobuntu obuhlala buhleli, sazuzwa njengelifa yaye sasingummeli wohlanga. UHerode, ukuze abe nolawulo kuMbingeleli Omkhulu, wamcinezela lo mlinganiswa waza wayishenxisa yonke impembelelo engokwezobupolitika yamaYuda.

Ngokuphathelele iSanhedrin, ndiyiguqula ukuze ifane nebhunga elaseka ubukhosi bamaGrike. Ngoko iSanhedrin yayibunjwa ngabacebisi bakakumkani yaye ikhokelwa nguHerode.

Xa uHerode wafayo

Emva kokuba uYesu ezelwe, umlawuli walo lonke elasePalestina, uHerode Omkhulu, uyafa, njengoko iVangeli kaMateyu isitsho:

UMateyu 2: 19-2019 Ke kaloku, akubon’ ukuba ufile uHerode, naso isithunywa seNkosi sibonakala kuYosefu ephupheni eYiputa, 20 sisithi, Vuka, umthabathe umntwana nonina, uye ezweni lakwaSirayeli, kuba abo babefuna umhlaba. ukufa konyana kufile." umntwana.

Xa uHerode Omkhulu wafayo, wabushiya ubukumkani obahluleleneyo njengelifa lomnqophiso. Wahlula ummandla wasePalestine waba bathathu, wanika oonyana bakhe abathathu kwaye akukho namnye unokubamba isihloko sokumkani, bazuze ilifa:

• UArkelawo: elakwaYuda, eSamariya naseIdumeya
• Philippi: Trachonitides kunye ne-Iturea
• UHerode Antipas: eGalili nasePereya

Eli lixesha oqalisa ngalo umsebenzi kaYesu wembali. Ezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo ebomini beNkosi zenzeka ikakhulu kwimimandla emibini yemephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu: iGalili nelakwaYuda. Imimandla emibini enoorhulumente bezobupolitika abazimeleyo, ngamnye unohlobo lwayo lomyalelo kuBukhosi baseRoma.

UMateyu 2:22:21 Wavuka ke, wamthabatha umntwana nonina, weza ezweni lakwaSirayeli. 22 Uthe ke akuva ukuba uArkelawo ungukumkani kwelakwaYuda, esikhundleni sikaHerode uyise, woyika ukuya khona; kodwa, ngenxa yesityhilelo ephupheni, wemka waya kummandla welaseGalili, 23 weza wahlala kwisixeko esibizwa ngokuba yiNazarete, ukuze kuzaliseke okwathethwayo ngabaprofeti, okokuba wobizwa ngokuba ungumNazarete.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIdKx1qKaiE

Imephu yasePalestine ngexesha likaYesu-Ukwahlulwa kwendawo

Ngexesha likaYesu xa ixesha lobuKristu liqala ngonyaka wokuqala. Abavangeli beTestamente eNtsha bebhayibhile benza umahluko kwelinye icala leYordan nakwelinye icala, umzekelo onokuthi ufundwe:

UMarko 6:45:45 Wabanyanzela kwaoko abafundi bakhe ukuba bangene emkhombeni, bamandulele baye emkhombeni elinye icala, eBhetesayida, ngoxa wayesindulula isihlwele.

Kuyabonakala ukuba uMlambo iYordan waseka umda owahlulayo phakathi kwemimandla emibini, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wahlulahlula iinkcubeko ezimbini. Abavangeli, xa bethetha kwelinye icala, bebhekisela kubantu beentlanga abangengomaYuda, lo mmandla namhlanje ubizwa ngokuba yiYordan, bona umfanekiso weNo.

Ngoxa ummandla ongakwicala laseYordan wawumiwe yimpucuko yamaYuda. UYesu wayehlala yaye ehlala kummandla ongasentshona weYordan, namhlanje ongummandla wasePalestina. Ummandla owawulawulwa buBukhosi baseRoma ngelo xesha. Kwaye ukuba kuyo yonke imbali ibinamagama afana nala: iLizwe Ledinga, iKanan, iJudiya, iLizwe eliNgcwele, njl. Kumfanekiso wesi-5 unokubona idolophu yaseKapernahum neBhetesayida ezahlulwe nguMlambo iYordan.

Noko ke, ngonyaka omnye wenkulungwane yokuqala yamaKristu, ummandla wasePalestina wahlulwa waba yimimandla emine eyintloko:

• IGaliliya
• Samari
• KwaYuda
• ePereya

Ngeli xesha isixeko saseYerusalem sasikwiphondo eliquka, ukongezelela kwelakwaYuda, neSamariya. Iphondo ebelizuzwe nguArkelaus. Ngokuphathelele ummandla waseGalili, apho uYesu wachitha ixesha elininzi kubulungiseleli bakhe; Yayilawulwa nguPetrarch uHerode Antipas.

Ngoko ke, omabini la maphondo ahlulwa lulawulo olwahlukileyo lwezobupolitika, kangangokuba nokusuka kwelinye uye kwelinye kwakuyimfuneko ukuwela umda.

IGaliliya

IGalili ngowona mmandla ungasentla kwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu. Lo mmandla unaba ukusuka kumazantsi eNtaba yeHermon ukusa kwiNtlambo yaseYizereli ukusuka emntla ukusa emazantsi. Ngelixa ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona, iphuhla ukusuka kuLwandle lweMeditera ukuya kuMlambo iYordan kuLwandle lwaseGalili okanye kwiChibi laseGenesarete.

Ijografi yaseGalili ineenduli ezisemantla, ezilinywa kunye nezidiliya kunye nemithi yomnquma, kwimimandla yentlambo kulisiko ukulima ukutya okuziinkozo okufana nengqolowa nerhasi. Empuma, umhlaba uyancipha kwithambeka de ufikelele kwiChibi elikhulu laseGenesarete.

Kunxweme lweli chibi nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo, uYesu wachitha ixesha elininzi kubulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni. Ingakumbi kwizixeko ezifana:

eKapernahum

IKapernahum sisixeko apho kwakuhlala uPetros noAndreya ababini kubafundi bakaYesu. Nangona iKapernahum yayingabalulekanga kangako njengesixeko, yayikwinkalo yonqulo. Ekubeni yayinelinye lawona bemi babalulekileyo bamaYuda eGalili, ingummandla womda.

IKapernahum nayo yayisecaleni kwendlela eyayidibanisa iGalili nommandla owawulawulwa nguTetrarch Philip, Traconítide neIturea. Ikomkhulu laloo mmandla yayisisixeko saseBhetesayida, esikhankanywe kwiincwadi zevangeli zikaYesu.

Kumda wendlela edibanisa iKapernahum neBhetesayida kwakukho inkonzo yerhafu kunye nenkampu yomkhosi wamaRoma. Ekuphumeni kweKapernahum kwicala elingasemazantsi esixeko kwaye kufutshane nonxweme lweLake Genesarete; Ucanda kumhlaba otyebileyo entlakohlaza, uthi xhaxhe endulini engasekunene kwakho. Kulo mhlaba kukho indawo, ngokutsho kwembali, uYesu awadlulisela kuyo iNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni. Emazantsi aloo ntaba, kwenzeka ummangaliso kaYesu wokwandiswa kwezonka neentlanzi.

ENazarete

INazarete imi kwithafa elichume ngokwaneleyo kummandla weentaba kufuphi neChibi laseGenesarete nakumazantsi eGalili. Kwidolophu yaseNazarete, uYesu waphila de kwafika ixesha lokuqalisa kwakhe ubulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni. Ngokufanayo, abanye abafundi bakaYesu babevela eGalili.

AmaGalili ayengabonwa kakuhle ngamaYuda anenzondelelo yempambano, kuba ayexubene kangangeminyaka nenzala yasemzini eyayingeyonxalenye yonqulo lwamaYuda. Athi ngoko amaYuda anenzondelelo yempambano abiza loo mmandla yiGalili yeentlanga.

Iinkalo okanye amagqabantshintshi ommandla waseGalili:

-Emazantsi eGalili luLwandle lwaseGalili olwaziwayo okanye iChibi laseTibheriya okanye iChibi laseGenesarete. Lichibi elikhulu eliziikhilomitha ezingama-21 ubude nge-12 ububanzi kunye nokuphakama okungalunganga kweemitha ezingama-210 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

-Ithafa laseGenesarete lalingummandla oneenkcubeko ezininzi kunye nezizwe ngezizwe, ngenxa yokuphindaphinda kweekharavani ezidlula eDamasko zisiya eKesareya yakwaFilipu.

-EGalili, iNtaba yaseTabhore, ekumzantsi-ntshona weChibi iGenesarete, imi kangangeemitha ezingama-588 ngaphezu kwethafa.

-Izindlu eziqhelekileyo zabemi basemaphandleni bendawo zazincinci kwaye zihlala kwindawo enye.

-IGalili yayilawula ummandla womhlaba we-latifundist, abanini bawo banokuba ngukumkani okanye umlawuli, izalamane zakhe kunye nabarhwebi abazizityebi.

-Abemi baseGalili babengamaYuda, ejikelezwe ngabantu abangabahedeni. Ngenxa yoku babevuleleke ngakumbi kwezinye iinkcubeko namasiko. UmYuda walo mmandla wayengenamoya wonqulo oluncinane kunalawo akwaYuda, mayela nokugcinwa komthetho.

-AmaYuda aloo mmandla wakwaYuda, ekubeni ebambelele ngakumbi kumthetho, awabagqala amaYuda aseGalili ukuba angabahedeni. Ngenxa yoku ababhali bonqulo, abaFarisi nabaSadusi, bamgatya uYesu nabafundi bakhe.

-Inkoliso yabemi baseGalili yayingabalobi beentlanzi nangamahlwempu ngokorhwebo. Yiloo nto imizekeliso kaYesu emininzi yayithetha ngobomi bokulima nokuloba. Ngaba uyayazi le Mizekeliso? Faka eli khonkco kwaye wazi okona kulungileyo imizekeliso kaYesu kunye nentsingiselo yayo yeBhayibhile. Ngala mabali mafutshane iNkosi yafundisa abantu nabafundi bayo, ukuze basiqonde isigidimi sikaThixo noBukumkani bakhe.

Samari

Umntla welakwaYuda nakumazantsi eGalili unokubonwa kwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu ukuya kummandla waseSamariya. Ngoxa ngasempuma nasentshona iSamari ibotshwe yintlambo yoMlambo iYordan noLwandle lweMeditera. Ngaloo maxesha lo mmandla wawuquka ummandla owawulawulwa nguArkelawo unyana kaHerode Omkhulu. Umbindi weentaba neenduli eziphantsi zenza isiseko sabemi okanye isixeko saseSamariya. Lo mmandla usembindini wohlulwe kummandla waseGalili yiNtlambo yase-Esdraelon, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiYesrael.

Kwiincwadi zevangeli zikaYesu kunokubonwa ukuba iNkosi yawunqumla njani ummandla waseSamariya amaxesha amaninzi isuka eGalili isiya eYerusalem. Le yayiyeyona ndlela imfutshane, ukanti amaYuda ayiphepha. Ngenxa yokuchasa kwakhe abantu baseSamariya ngenxa yezizathu zonqulo nezembali.

Uhambo lokuhamba njengoko uYesu wenzayo kulo mzila wejografi omagingxigingxi ngokwenene aluyekeleli, ngakumbi kwezona yure zishushu. Indlela ihamba kwiinduli ezilandelelanayo ezityalwe imithi yomnquma, iintaba zomhlaba owomileyo kunye nentlambo enye okanye enye egutyungelwe zizikhwebu zengqolowa. Kuyo yonke le ndlela uhamba kwiindledlana ezicutheneyo ezihamba kwezona zinyathelo zifikelelekayo.

Intlambo yase-Esdraelon

Igama lokuqala leNtlambo yase-Esdrelón, lelo leThafa laseYizereli okanye lakwaSirayeli yaye linokufundwa kwincwadi yaBagwebi beTestamente Endala yeBhayibhile. Kula mathafa iintshaba zikaSirayeli zamisa iintente neentente zazo, uGidiyon awayeza kuzoyisa kamva.

ABagwebi 6:33+ Ke onke amaMidiyan nama-Amaleki nabasempumalanga ahlanganisana njengamntu mnye, awela amisa iintente zawo ngasempuma. intlambo yaseYizereli

Igama lesiHebhere elithi “Yesrael” linentsingiselo ethi “uThixo wahlwayela” yaye eli gama lathiywa ethafeni sisixeko saso esinehlelo elifanayo. Kamva kwincwadi yesi-2 yeziKronike nekaZekariya, iNtlambo yaseYizereli ibizwa ngokuba yintsimi okanye intlambo yaseMegido.

2 Kronike 35:22: Ke uYosiya akabuyanga, wazenza mntu wumbi, ukuba alwe naye, akawaphulaphula amazwi kaNeko, abephuma emlonyeni kaThixo; weza kulwa naye emfazweni intsimi yaseMegido.

UZekariya 12:11: Ngaloo mini kuya kubakho isijwili esikhulu eYerusalem, njengesililo saseHadadrimon phakathi; intlambo yaseMegido.

Ihlelo leNtlambo yase-Esdrelón, yinguqulelo yesiGrike yesiHebhere ethi Yesrael. Umbhali-mbali ongumJuda nomFarisi, uFlavius ​​​​Josephus (37 – 100 AD), ubhekisa kweli thafa njenge: Ithafa elikhulu laseSamariya. Ithafa elicanda umda osemazantsi eGalili kwidolophu yase-Iksal kunye nomda weNordic weSanaria kwisixeko saseJenin. Wonke ummandla ophakathi kwezo zixeko zibini, kanye kanye ulithafa lase-Esdraelon.

Iinkalo okanye iimbalasane zommandla waseSamariya:

-ISamari yayimiwe ngabantu bezizwe ngezizwe nangenkcubeko, umxube phakathi kwama-Asiriya namaSirayeli.

-Phakathi kwamaYuda akhohlakeleyo nabemi baseSamariya kwakukho intiyo efanayo. Kuba ngonyaka we-107 ngaphambi kwexesha lamaKristu; umbingeleli omkhulu wakwaYuda wentsapho yakwaHasmonean, uJohn Hyrcanus, uthimba isixeko sakwaShekem, ikomkhulu laseSamariya. Ngokuthabatha ulawulo lwesixeko iHyrcano itshabalalisa itempile yaseGerizim.

-Itempile yaseGerizim ibuyiselwa ngonyaka wama-30 a. C., ngokutshata ibhinqa laseSamariya.

-Kamva ngonyaka we-6 wexesha likaYesu, amaSamariya ayingcolisa ngokunzulu itempile yaseYerusalem. Ubutshaba nentiyo phakathi kwaba bantu babini yaba yeyomelele ngakumbi.

-Ngenxa yale ntiyo inkulu kunye nengxubevange yabantu baseSamariya, amaYuda ayewagqala amaSamariya njengabantu abangacocekanga abagazi labo lalingcoliswe nelezinye iintlanga.

-AmaYuda ayewabiza amaSamariya njengabantu abakreqileyo. Ngoko ke babengenazinkqubano nabo.

+ Ke bona abantu bakwaSamari babezigqala njengenzala yoonyana bakaSirayeli ngokwenene. Aba bantu yayingabo bayigcinayo imibhalo yamandulo yesiHebhere, ngoko babezigqala bethembekile kuMthetho nakumaSirayeli okwenyaniso.

AmaSamariya ayenetempile yawo kwiNtaba yeGerizim yaye akazange ayinike ukubaluleka kwetempile yaseYerusalem. Kwangokunjalo balukhanyela unqulo olwalusithiwa eYerusalem.

-Kwincwadi yeVangeli kaYohane ibonisa ukuba ukuba umYuda wayebiza omnye umSamariya, yayisisisono esinzulu ngelo xesha. Kungenxa yoko le nto uYesu ethukwa ziinkokeli zamaJuda:

Yohane 8: 48Aphendula ke ngoko amaYuda athi kuye, Asilungisi na thina ukuthi, ungumSamariya, nokuba unedemon?

KwaYuda

Umzantsi weSamariya unokubonwa kwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu ukuya kuMmandla wakwaYuda. Owathi ngaloo maxesha wawulawulwa ngunyana kaHerode Omkhulu, uArkelawo. Owathi kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngonyaka wama-26 wexesha lobuKristu, wasuswa kurhulumente ngenxa yezithintelo zakhe ezininzi. Ukusuka apho uPontiyo Pilato uba ngumlawuli waseRoma kwelakwaYuda.

ElakwaYuda ngummandla osemazantsi ommandla wasePalestina, kukho umkrozo weentaba eziphakamileyo nezomileyo. Iintaba ezenza intabalala yequbuliso nevaliweyo. ElakwaYuda lijikelezwe ziintlango ezinkulu kwicala elingasempuma nasemazantsi. Esona sixeko sibalulekileyo likomkhulu iYerusalem, eyathi yabona iziganeko ezininzi nezifanelekileyo kubomi bukaYesu ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe emhlabeni.

IYerusalem

Ikomkhulu lakwaYuda yiYerusalem, isixeko esingcwele kwiimfundiso eziphambili zezakwalizwi ezifana nobuYuda, ubuKristu kunye namaSilamsi. Inkalo yonqulo yiyo eyenza iYerusalem ibaluleke, ngaphezu kokurhweba kuhambo lokuya kwezihlwele zabantu abatsalwa koko kumelwa ngulo mhlaba ungcwele.

Ngasempuma kwesixeko unokufumana iNtaba Yeminquma ecaleni kweNtlambo yaseKidron. INtaba apho uYesu wayedla ngokuthandaza esondelelene noyise wasezulwini nalapho anikelwa khona, wabanjwa njengebanjwa.

Ukususela kwixesha likaYesu, iYerusalem yayibalulekile kunqulo lonqulo. Kungenxa yokuba ekuphela kwetempile yamaYuda ephakathi kommandla wayo. Ngoko onke amaYuda emimandla yemephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu ahamba uhambo oluya kwisixeko saseYerusalem. Ukongezelela, yayikwaliziko loqeqesho lwamaYuda. Ngoko ukutyhubela imbali, iYerusalem ibinxulunyaniswa netempile yayo ebalulekileyo neyoyikekayo.

Kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, kumathambeka neenduli, izindlu zeYerusalem yamandulo zibonelela ngommandla omhle ekunzima ukuwulibala. INkosi uYesu yayilithanda kakhulu ilizwe layo nabantu bayo, njengoko kunokubonwa kwisililo sayo ngenxa yoko kwakuza kubandezeleka iYerusalem nguTito, umlawuli waseRoma, xa wayitshabalalisayo ngonyaka wama-70 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu.

UMateyu 23: 37-39 Isililo sikaYesu ngeYerusalem: Yerusalem, Yerusalem, mzi ubulala abaprofeti, ubagibisele ngamatye izithunywa zikaThixo! Kukangaphi ndifuna ukubaqokelela abantwana bakho njengesikhukukazi sikhusela amantshontsho aso ngaphantsi kwamaphiko aso, kodwa akwavuma. 38 Kaloku ke, yabona, indlu yakho ilinxuwa, ilinxuwa. 39 Nditsho ke kuni ukuthi, aniyi kubuya nindibone, nide nithi, Makabongwe lowo uzayo egameni leNkosi!

Kummandla wakwaYuda kukho iidolophu okanye iidolophana ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazinendima ephambili ebudeni bobomi bukaYesu basemhlabeni. Phakathi kwezi dolophu kukho ezi zilandelayo:

Belen

Malunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu kumzantsi weYerusalem kukho idolophu encinane yaseBhetelehem. Le dolophu yenziwe ngamaqela ezindlu ezinika umfanekiso wokupeyintwa ecaleni kwenduli. Ngexesha likaYesu izindlu zaseBhetelehem zaziphantsi kakhulu. Kwaye imiqolomba eyakhiwe kwiinduli yayisetyenziswa ngabaphambukeli njengendawo yokugcina izityalo kunye nezitali zezilwanyana. Ngokuchanekileyo komnye wale miqolomba eyayisetyenziswa njengesitali, eyazalelwa kuyo iNkosi yethu uYesu.

Ngelo xesha iBelén yayiyidolophana ebalulekileyo ekurhwetyweni ngeebhokhwe neegusha. Ngenxa yendawo yayo enobuchule phakathi komhlaba ochumileyo nemimandla eyintlango yommandla wakwaYuda. Ngoko abalusi babedla ngokuhlala nemihlambi yabo yeebhokhwe nezimvu ngaphandle kweBhetelehem

Idolophana yaseBhetelehem ikwabizwa ngamaYuda njengesixeko sikaDavide, kuba kulapho uSamuweli wamthambisa khona njengokumkani egameni likaThixo. Kwangokunjalo nakwitestamente endala kubhengezwa ngabaprofeti ukuba uMesiya wayeza kuzalelwa eBhetelehem, umsindisi othunywe nguThixo.

Mika 5:2: Kuya kuvela umlawuli eBhetelehem. 2 Ke wena, Bhetelehem-efrata, umzana omncinane kubo bonke oonyana bakwaYuda. Noko ke, egameni lam, kuya kuphuma umlawuli kuwe ngenxa yamaSirayeli, omvelaphi yakhe iphuma kwaphakade.

IYeriko

IYeriko, esinye sezona zixeko zidala ehlabathini, imi kummandla wakwaYuda. Ngokwezinto zakudala ezifunyenweyo, sisixeko esakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka esibhozo neshumi lamawaka eyadlulayo. Ekubeni bengabemi bayo bokuqala abantu baseKanan, inzala kaKam unyana womlinganiswa wasebhayibhileni uNowa. Lo mmandla yi-oasis entle enomphakamo ongalunganga omalunga neemitha ezingama-250 ngaphantsi komphakamo woLwandle lweMeditera.

Ukuba yi-oasis, uhlaza olufunyenwe apho luyachulumancisa, xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla eyintlango yommandla wasePalestine. IYeriko izaliswe yimithi yesundu kunye nenani elikhulu lemithi enamagqabi. Ngendlela efanayo, iirozi nazo zonke iintlobo zeentyatyambo zikhuliswa kwesi sixeko.

Indlela esuka eYeriko isiya eYerusalem yenye yezona ndlela zixakekileyo kwaYuda, yaye iyadinisa. Ukusukela kumgama weekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu okhoyo phakathi kwezi zixeko zibini, uninzi lwazo lutyhutyha intlango yakwaYuda. Kwakunye nomahluko wokuphakama okhoyo phakathi kweYeriko neYerusalem, engaphezulu kwewaka leemitha ukuphakama. Ke ngoko, ukuhamba ngale ndlela kuyimfuneko ukoyisa lo mahluko wobude phakathi kokunyuka nokuhla ngokuxhomekeke kwicala lokuwela.

Namhlanje iJeriko iphakathi kweWest Bank, kufutshane kakhulu noMlambo iYordan kunye nommandla wasePalestina. Isixeko saseYeriko kuthethwa ngaso izihlandlo ezininzi kwiincwadi zeBhayibhile. eliphuma kuyo ibali lokuwa kweendonga zaseYeriko, encwadini kaYoshuwa;

UYoshuwa 6: 20: Bathi ke abantu bakuva isandi sesigodlo, baduma ngamandla abo onke. Ngequbuliso, iindonga zaseYeriko zadilika, aza amaSirayeli ahlasela isixeko aza asithimba.

EBhetani

Phantse ufikelela kwisixeko saseYerusalem, kwiikhilomitha nje ezintathu ukusuka apho, kukho idolophana yaseBetania, eyakhiwe emazantsi eNtaba yemiNquma. Kule lali incinane kukho imithombo yokuqala yamanzi nomthunzi wokuqala ohlaziyayo wemithi, emva kohambo oluya eYerusalem. Abanye abahlobo bakaYesu babehlala eBetania, yayingabantakwabo abathathu uLázaro, uMarta noMaría.

ULuka 10: 38-42 UYesu utyelela uMarta noMariya: 38 Kuhambo lokuya eYerusalem, uYesu nabafundi bakhe bafika mzini othile, apho umfazi ogama linguMarta wabamkela ngobubele endlwini yakhe. 39 Udade wabo uMariya, wahlala ngasezinyaweni zeNkosi, ukuze ephulaphule amazwi ayo.

UYohane 11: 4-6: Akuva ezi ndaba uYesu wathi: “ULazaro akayi kufa. Kunoko, kwakungenxa yozuko lukaThixo, ukuze uNyana kaThixo azukiswe ngenxa yoko.” 5 nangona UYesu wayebathanda ooMarta, uMariya noLazaro6 Wahlala ke apho iintsuku zambini.

INtaba yemiNquma yahlula iBhethani neYerusalem. Ukushiya iBhetani ukuya ngaseYerusalem, uwela indlela enemithi yomkhiwane emacaleni, uze unyuke encotsheni apho ufumana umfanekiso omhle wesixeko saseYerusalem, iNtlambo yeKidron kunye noMyezo waseGetsemane apho imithi yomnquma yamandulo. Ngendlela efanayo unokuyibona itempile eyakhiwe apho kunye ne-esplanade yayo enkulu kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Emawusi

I-Emawusi yayiyidolophana yakudala phakathi kwemephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu. Okwangoku, kwindawo apho ilali yase-Emawusi yayikhona, abemi base-Imuas baphakathi kweekhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye nezilishumi elinambini ukusuka kwisixeko saseYerusalem. Idolophana yamandulo yase-Emawusi ibizwa ngokuba yiVangeli kaLuka 24: 13-35, apho uYesu ovusiweyo ebonakala kubalandeli bakhe ababini:

ULuka 24: 13-15 13 Kwangaloo mini, kwafika e-Emawusi idolophu emalunga neekhilomitha ezili-14 ukusuka eJerusalem. 15 Bahamba behamba bexoxa ngezinto ezenzekileyo. 16 Ke kaloku, besathetha bethetha, kwathi gqi uYesu ngokwakhe, wahamba nabo; XNUMX Kodwa ke uThixo wawavala ukuba angamazi.

Iinkalo okanye iimbalasane zommandla wakwaYuda:

-Ngummandla wemimandla emikhulu eyintlango kwaye inentaba enkulu evaliweyo kunye nemixawuka.

-ElakwaYuda ingqolowa ikhuliswa ngomlinganiselo omncinci, kodwa ingumlimi omkhulu weminquma, iidiliya, iidatilisi, amakhiwane kunye neembotyi.

-Abemi bakwaYuda ngexesha likaYesu ubukhulu becala babephuma kumakhaya ahlwempuzekileyo. Ubukhulu becala uhlobo lwabo lokutya lwaluyintlanzi kunye nenyama encinane kakhulu.

-Ngexesha likaYesu phantse yonke imfuyo yayilungiselelwe amadini etempile.

-Ikomkhulu lakwaYuda, iYerusalem yayisisixeko esingcwele samaYuda, yayisisixeko esinorhwebo oluncinane, ukubaluleka kwayo kwakungenxa yezizathu zonqulo.

-KwiJudiya, ngokukodwa eYerusalem, ekuphela kwetempile yamaYuda emhlabeni yayikho kwaye apho amaYuda ayehamba khona.

-Itempile yaseYerusalem yayisisazulu soqeqesho lonqulo nekomkhulu lelona gunya liphakamileyo lonqulo lwamaYuda.

- EJudiya kukho iidolophu ezahlukeneyo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubulungiseleli basemhlabeni bukaYesu

ePereya

IPereya yayingummandla ngexesha likaYesu owathi kunye neGalili yayiyinxalenye yommandla owawuzuzwe njengelifa nguHerode Antipas kuyise. Ngubani owayilawula njengetetrarch de kwaba ngunyaka wama-39 emva kukaKristu. Lo mmandla unokubonwa kwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu ngakwimpuma yoMlambo iYordan, inabamelwane ngaphesheya koMlambo imimandla yaseSamariya nelakwaYuda. Ihlelo lasePereya livela ekubeni liLizwe elingaphaya, ekubeni lalingowona mmandla ukude wobukumkani bakwaYuda nokumkani wabo uHerode Omkhulu. Namhlanje ummandla owawubizwa ngokuba yiPereya namhlanje ubizwa ngokuba yiYordan.

IPereya yayingummandla wamaKanan de kwangowe-1400 BC. Kamva wachacha kuma-Amon ngo-1300 BC, phantsi kokumkani waseKanan uSihon waseHesbhon. Kwiminyaka elikhulu kamva lo mmandla wawulawulwa bubukumkani bakwaSirayeli de kwaphakathi kwinkulungwane yesithoba, xa ama-Amoni athimba ilizwe lasePereya.

Kwiinkulungwane kamva, ngowe-160 BC, intlangano yamaYuda yeeMaccabees yawuthimba lo mmandla de kwamiselwa ulawulo loBukhosi baseRoma kuyo yonke imimandla ekwiMeditera. IPereya yaba ngummandla waseRoma ngowama-63 BC. Izixeko ezikhulu zommandla wasePereya yayiyiAmatusi neBhete-ramphta, nemida yazo yaba.

• Emantla: Isixeko sasePella esikummandla waseDekapoli
• Empuma: Isixeko saseGerasa nesaseFiladelfiya kummandla waseDekapoli
• Emazantsi: Ummandla wakwaMowabhi
• Entshona: UMlambo iYordan

Umzekelo weTempile yaseYerusalem ukususela kwixesha likaHerode (kwinkulungwane yoku-XNUMX BC - ngenkulungwane yoku-XNUMX AD), kwiMyuziyam yakwaSirayeli.

Uhlobo lorhulumente kwimephu yasePalestine ngexesha likaYesu

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaYesu ngonyaka wama-63 wexesha lamandulo, injengele yaseRoma uPompey Omkhulu okanye uPompey Omkhulu, uthabatha isixeko saseYerusalem. Ngaloo ndlela ukoyisa iPalestine kwi-empire. UHerode omkhulu owayeyirhuluneli yaseGalili wenza ukuba uMarko Antony amthiye igama yena nomntakwabo ngooTetrarchs basePalestina ngonyaka wama-41.

Ukuze alawule imimandla emincinane kuMbindi Mpuma, amaRoma ayesebenzisa ookumkani abaphantsi kolawulo. UHerode Omkhulu wayengomnye waloo madoda awayesetyenziswa yiRoma. INdlu yeeNgwevu zaseRoma imisela uHerode Omkhulu njengoKumkani wakwaYuda, elawula yonke iPalestina ukususela ngowama-37 BC, nangona abanye ababhali bathi yayingowama-39 AD. UmYuda.

Ngonyaka wama-31 ngaphambi kukaKristu, uOctavio Augustus engumlawuli waseRoma, uHerode ukwazile ukwenza umlawuli omtsha ammisele njengokumkani wakwaYuda. Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu, uHerode uyafa, eshiya abathathu koonyana bakhe ukuba balawule ubukumkani bakwaYuda. Ubukumkani obahlulwe yiRoma baba yimimandla, ngaloo ndlela beguqula urhulumente wasePalestina waba ngurhulumente ophethe iindlalifa zikaHerode:

• UArkelaus: Ulawula elakwaYuda, iSamariya neIdumeya, phakathi kweminyaka yesi-4 neyesi-6 yexesha likaYesu. Lo mlawuli uyagxothwa aze athatyathelw’ indawo ngamabamba aseRoma, uPontiyo Pilato wayengomnye wabo phakathi kweminyaka engama-26 nowama-37 emva kokuzalwa kukaKristu.
• UFilipu: Walawula eTraconítis naseIturea phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-34 emva kukaKristu
• UHerode Antipas: Walawula eGalili nasePereya phakathi kowe-4 nowama-39 AD

Imigaqo-nkqubo yaseRoma kuRhulumente wasePalestine

Ngexesha lokuzalwa kukaYesu, iRoma yayilawulwa nguMlawuli uOctavio Augusto. Ngubani ohlala ezikhundleni de kube ngunyaka we-14 wexesha lobuKristu. Ngexesha lokufa nokuvuka kukaYesu, iRoma yayilawulwa nguTibheriyo. Ngubani obambe isikhundla soMlawuli waseRoma ukususela ngonyaka we-14 ukusa kowama-37 emva kukaKristu. Eminye yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente waseRoma ePalestine yile ilandelayo:

• Ivumela izithethe zasekuhlaleni ukuba zigcinwe.
• Izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle zigcinwe
• Ilawula imali, iindlela kwaye ifuna ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu eziphezulu.
• Isebenzisa amagunya asekuhlaleni aphantsi kunye nokunyaniseka kubukhosi ukusebenzisa iipolitiki zangaphakathi
• Ivumela okusesikweni okuqhelekileyo kulawulwe yiSanhedrin noMbingeleli Omkhulu. ISanhedrin yayiluhlobo oluthile lwebhunga lamaYuda lezazi. Eyonganyelwe nguMbingeleli oMkhulu kunye neenkokeli zamaYuda okanye oorabhi. Le yayiyinkundla kwaye uMbingeleli Omkhulu wayesebenza njengomgwebi.
• Yayilibamba laseRoma kuphela elalinegunya lokuwisa isigwebo sokufa.

-UMthetheli waseRoma wayenendawo yakhe yokuhlala kwisixeko saseKesareya. Wayesiya eYerusalem ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo kuphela. Ebudeni bokuhlala kwakhe kwikomkhulu lakwaYuda wayehlala kwinqaba yomkhosi ebizwa ngokuba yiTorre Antonia, ekumntla-mpuma weTempile yaseYerusalem.

Unqulo lonqulo kwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Unqulo olwalugqugqisile kwimimandla yemephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu yayibuYuda. Olu yayilunqulo apho amadoda kuphela athabatha indima ebalulekileyo. Kwanangaphakathi etempileni nakwindlu yesikhungu, abafazi kwakufuneka bahlale bahlukanisiwe namadoda, beza kubamba iindawo eziphantsi kwindlu yesikhungu.

Yayiluluntu lonqulo loosolusapho ngokupheleleyo, inkolo yayinokubhiyozelwa kuphela ukuba kukho ubuncinane amadoda angamaYuda ali-10. Nokuba abafazi bakwazile ukugqitha kweli nani.

Amadoda angamaYuda asuka kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo yasePalestina kwakufuneka aye kwitempile yaseYerusalem ebudeni bemibhiyozo yamaYuda. Nangona kwakunganyanzelekanga ukuba amabhinqa aye kuhambo ngezonqulo, ayekwenza oko kuphela ukuba ayefuna.

Kumadoda nabafazi kwakunyanzelekile ukuthobela umthetho weTorah owanikwa uMoses nguThixo ukuze uzaliseke ngabantu bamaYuda. Igunya lamaYuda elaliqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho weTorah laliphethe iSanhedrin.

ISanhedrin

ISanhedrin yayiluhlobo oluthile lweBhunga okanye iCabildo yaye yayiyintlangano eyayinegunya kunqulo lwamaYuda. Le Sanhedrin yayibunjwe ngamalungu angama-71, eyonganyelwa nguMbingeleli Omkhulu.

Onke amalungu eSanhedrin ayehleli kwisangqa, uMbingeleli Omkhulu emi phakathi kwawo. Ukongezelela kumalungu angama-71, kwakukho amaYuda amabini awayengababhali kwelo bhunga. Eyayibhala amanqaku ehleli phezu kwezitulo phambi kwesangqa esenziwe ngamalungu eSanhedrin.

Amalungu eSanhedrin ubukhulu becala ayephuma kwiqela lonqulo labaSadusi. Eli qela lalingababingeleli, abazizityebi nabanamandla amakhulu phakathi koluntu lwamaYuda. Amanye amalungu ayengamalungu eqela lonqulo labaFarisi.

ISanhedrin yayiphumeza okusesikweni ngokomthetho wamaYuda weTorah, inegunya kuyo yonke into ephathelele unqulo nonqulo, nayo yonke into ephuma kumthetho wamaYuda. Ngoko ke iSanhedrin yayinegunya lokugweba, ukohlwaya nokuvalela entolongweni. Noko ke, urhulumente waseRoma wamisela ukuba ligunya lamaRoma kuphela elalinokuwisa isigwebo sokufa okanye isigwebo sokufa.

UMbingeleli Omkhulu

Umbingeleli omkhulu wayelelona gunya liphakamileyo etempileni yaye wayekwisikhundla sokuba ngumongameli weSanhedrin. Elo gunya lalimenza wonwabele ukuba negunya nesikhundla esibalaseleyo ngokwezoqoqosho.” Ababingeleli abakhulu babekhethwa kwiqela lonqulo okanye iqela labaSadusi. Basebenzisana negunya lamaRoma.

Isikhundla soMbingeleli oMkhulu sasigcina isimo saso ubomi bonke de kwafika uHerode Omkhulu njengokumkani wakwaYuda. Xa iRoma yamisela abalawuli bamaRoma ePalestina, babenamandla okumisela nokugxotha ababingeleli abakhulu ngexesha ababefuna ngalo. Ngexesha likaYesu, iSanhedrin yayiphantsi kwamandla ababingeleli abakhulu ababini, aba babe:

• UAnas: ukususela kunyaka wesi-6 ukusa kowe-15 ngexesha lobuKristu
• UKayafa: ukususela ngonyaka we-16 ukuya kutsho ngowama-37 emva kukaKristu. Lo mbingeleli mkhulu wayengumkhwenyana womanduleli wakhe yaye ukwanguye owamangalela uYesu phambi kweTshawe laseRoma uPontiyo Pilato.

UYohane 18: 28-31 UYesu phambi koPilato: 28 Bamthabatha uYesu endlwini kaKayafa, bamsa kwindlu yerhuluneli. Kwakusa, yaye abazange bangene kwindlu yerhuluneli ukuze bangazingcolisi, baze ngaloo ndlela babe nako ukuyidla ipasika. 29 Waphuma ke uPilato waya kubo, wathi kubo, Nimisa tyala lini na kuye lo mntu? 30Baphendula bathi kuye, Ukuba lo ebengenguye umenzi wobubi, singe simnikele kuwe. 31 Wathi ngoko uPilato kubo, Mthabatheni nina, nimgwebe ngesiko lenu. Ayesithi ke amaYuda kuye, Akuvumelekile kuthi ukuba sibulale umntu;

Imephu yasePalestine ngexesha likaYesu kunye namaqela enkolo

Abantu ababehlala kwimimandla ekwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu babephuma kwiimpucuko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Noko ke, uninzi lwalulunqulo, lubalaselisa unqulo lwamaYuda, ingakumbi abemi bakwaYuda naseGalili. Ngokuphathelele abemi baseSamariya, ubukhulu becala babezigqala bengamaYuda, nangona kumaYuda ommandla wakwaYuda babengabahedeni.

AmaYuda ayezigqala njengabantu abakhethekileyo, abantu abangcwele, kuba uThixo wayemisele umnqophiso nawo ngomthetho kaMoses. Kodwa ngexesha likaYesu kwakusekwe amaqela ahlukeneyo onqulo okanye imibutho. Apho ngalinye lala maqela lalinentsingiselo yalo yendlela amele aphile ngayo, ukutolika kwawo umthetho yaye ngoko ke ukuthembeka kwawo kuThixo.

Awona maqela abalaseleyo onqulo lwamaYuda okanye imibutho yayingabaFarisi, abaSadusi, amaEssene namaSamariya. Kwakwiincwadi zevangeli zobomi bukaYesu, unxulumano lwabanye babo neNkosi nokungangqinelani kwabo kwimiba ethile yeemfundiso ezithile zomntu ngamnye kukhankanyiwe.

UMateyu 23: 1-41 Waza uYesu wathetha kwizihlwele nakubafundi bakhe, esithi, 2 Hlalani phantsi esihlalweni sikaMoses; ababhali nabaFarisi. 3 Ngoko ke bonke abasukuba besithi kuni yigcineni, yigcineni niyenze; kodwa ze ningenzi ngokwemisebenzi yabo, kuba bathetha baze bangenzi. 4 Ngokuba babopha imithwalo enzima, enzima, bayibeke emagxeni abantu; kodwa abafuni nokuzishukumisa ngomnwe.

UMateyu 16: 11-12:11 Yini na le nto ningaqondiyo, ukuba bendingatshoyo ukuthi ngenxa yesonka, ndathi kuni, nililumkeleni igwele? abaFarisi nabaSadusi? 12 Bandula ukuqonda, ukuba ubengatsho ukuthi kubo mabalumkele igwele lesonka; ubesithi mabalumkele imfundiso yabaFarisi nabaSadusi.

Ukongeza kula maqela akhankanywe ngasentla, kwakukho nemibutho yonqulo enjengale: abadala, ababingeleli, ababhali namaZealot.

AbaSadusi

Kwiqela lebutho labantu ngexesha likaYesu elalibizwa ngokuba ngabaSadusi, kukho abalinganiswa abathile ababephuma kumnombo wesizwe sakwaLevi. Babekwayinzala yesebe lobubingeleli boonyana baka-Aron ngokukhethekileyo. Kuquka owayenokuba ngumbingeleli omkhulu wokuqala, owayeza kuba nguTsadoki.

Kusuka apho kwavela khona ihlelo layo, elaqala laba ngabaSadusi, ababedlula kumaSaducayan, de ekugqibeleni bazichaza njengabaSadusi. Eli qela lezentlalo nelonqulo lagxininisa ekuzalisekiseni umthetho weTorah. Ngokukodwa kwinto enxulumene nemibingelelo, echazwe kwimibhalo yeBhayibhile ye-Eksodus, iLevitikus kunye namanani.

Kubo yayiloo nto babemelwe kukuyizalisekisa, into ababemelwe kukuba bayenze, yayikukunqula uThixo. Ukungcwalisa, ukubonakalisa ukungcwaliswa kwabantu bakwaSirayeli ngaloo madini asisigxina, amadini anyukayo nayo yonke into ejikeleze itempile.

Kungenxa yokuba ngokusisiseko abaSadusi babeqhuba unqulo lobuYuda ngayo yonke into eyayiphathelele itempile. Kwabenza ukuba babe ngabakhuseli bozinzo lonqulo loluntu yaye ke ngoko babedla ngokuvana kakhulu nabasemagunyeni. Nangona abaSadusi babengavisisani kakuhle noHerode Omkhulu, sekunjalo babevana kakhulu namaRoma ngokubanzi. Ngendlela efanayo benza ngayo ngokuyinxenye kunye noluntu lwamaGrike, amaGrike.

Kuba abaSadusi, bekuqonda kakuhle nje ukufeza konke oko kwakuthethwa ngamadini; ubomi bamaYuda babungabalulekanga kangako. Ngamanye amazwi, babezigqala izityhilelo ezazinikwe ngabaprofeti nezinye izibhalo njengezizezodidi lwesibini. Ke ngoko bagxininisa koko kubhalwe kwipentateuch kaMoses, kuncinci okwathethwayo ngeziprofeto.

abaFarisi

Ngokuphathelele abaFarisi, babezigqala njengezibalulekileyo izithethe zokusulungekiswa kobomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwanazo kwakufuneka zenziwe ngaphandle kwetempile, ngakumbi ukuhlanjwa ngamanzi, ngoko ke kubo ukuhlamba izandla ngaphambi kokutya kwakuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kulo mbandela, aba balinganiswa banokufunyanwa kwiincwadi zevangeli ezilwa noYesu nabafundi bakhe. Ngenxa yokuba, ngokucacileyo, abazange babanike ukubaluleka okufanayo, bathi kuYesu nabafundi bakhe zonke ezi zinto zokuhlanjululwa zaziyinto nje engenamsebenzi ngamaxesha onke.

KubaFarisi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela umthetho kaThixo, iTorah. Yonke into ebhalwe kwipentateuch kwakufuneka izaliseke ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu kwako konke, banikela ngokungqongqo ngokugqithiseleyo kuyo yonke into echazwe apho malunga nokuhlanjululwa. Enyanisweni, ngokusuka kwizakwalizwi, into eyayibalaselisa abaFarisi yayiluphawu olungcwele ababelunikela kumthetho weTorah. Apho banikezela ngenqanaba eliphantse libuThixo.

Kuba abaFarisi, into yokuqala awayidalayo uThixo, kwangaphambi kokudalwa kwehlabathi, ngumthetho weTorah. Kwaye lo mthetho ngendlela ethile usebenza njengesihluzo athi uThixo aphumeze ngaso ukudalwa kwehlabathi. Ngaloo ndlela, sonke isizathu seTorah sibhalwe kuzo zonke izinto ezidalwe nguThixo.

Enye into ebalaseleyo kwiinkolelo okanye kwiimfundiso zabaFarisi kukukholelwa ngandlel’ ithile kuhlobo oluthile lobomi emva kokufa nomgwebo kaThixo. Apho aya kuvuza okanye ohlwaye imisebenzi yomntu ngamnye. Ngoko ke, abaFarisi babecinga ukuba uThixo ngamnye ugcina imisebenzi emihle emazulwini. Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, uya kubala abantu ababelunge ngakumbi kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo ngaphezu kwezenzo ezimbi.

AbaFarisi, ubudlelwane babo nabantu baseRoma kunye namagunya

AbaFarisi babenempembelelo enkulu phakathi kwabantu bemimandla yemephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu. Abantu babekuthanda ukufunda kwabaFarisi, ngoko ke ngelo xesha ababhali babengabaFarisi. Ngokuphathelele indlela ababeziphethe ngayo xa bejamelene neemeko zobupolitika owawuhlala ummandla wasePalestina ngelo xesha, kwakukho iyantlukwano ethile phakathi kwabo. Kungenxa yokuba kwinkoliso yabaFarisi yayicinga ukuba ulongamo olupheleleyo lolukaThixo. Kwaye kwakungekho kuphazamiseka okuthile, ukuba kubomi bemihla ngemihla urhulumente unokuqhutywa ngamanye amagunya, nokuba ayengengamaYuda. Logama nje la magunya ayenyamezele phambi komthetho kaThixo. Ngexesha likaYesu abaFarisi babenolwalamano oluvulelekileyo ngokwentelekiso lokusebenzisana namagunya aseRoma.

iiessene

AmaEssene yayiliqela lonqulo elaliphila ubomi boonongendi, elalihlala kwidolophu yaseQumran ekunxweme loLwandle Olufileyo. Ayekholelwa koko kwakubhengezwa ngabaprofeti yaye ayelindele iindidi ezimbini zoomesiya, eyobupolitika neyonqulo. Ngubani owayeza kubuyisela ubulungisa emhlabeni, akhulule isono aze abuyisele ubukumkani bakwaSirayeli.

Amaxwebhu afunyanwa kuLwandle Olufileyo kufuphi neQumran athetha ngamasiko neenkolelo zeli qela lonqulo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumaEssene kukwahlukana kwawo nababingeleli basetempileni. Kungenxa yokuba aba babecinga ukuba ububingeleli babonakele ngexesha lolawulo lwamaHasmonean. Ngoko ke benza inkolo engafanelekanga ababengakwazi ukuhlanganisana kuyo. Ngenxa yoku, amaEssene ahlukana nobubingeleli betempile aze aye entlango, ukuze angazingcolisi ngabantu abaqhelekileyo ngonxulumano lwezorhwebo.

Ngaloo ndlela amaEssene akugcina oku kwahlulwa kwihlabathi langaphandle ukuze angonakalisi isiko lokusulungekiswa awayefuna ukukufumana kwanakwezona nkcukacha zincinane nezinzulu. Yaye ngokwaphula onke amaqhina netempile yaseYerusalem, amaEssene azigqala njengetempile yokomoya nephilayo; de kwafika ixesha lokwakhiwa ngokutsha nokubuyiselwa konqulo olunyulu nolusemthethweni.

AmaZealot

Nangona abaFarisi babeliqela elisebenzisanayo negunya lamaRoma, kwakukho elinye ibutho lamaYuda elalicinga ukuba le ntsebenziswano ayinakwenzeka nangayiphi na indlela nolawulo olwalungamfanelanga uSirayeli. Iqela elalinezi ngcinga yayingamaZealot. Eyaqala ukuvela ngenxa yolawulo lwamaRoma yaza yavela kwibutho labaFarisi.

Ngoko ke, amaZealot ayeliqela lamadoda aphuma kubaFarisi, awayecinga ukuba ayengenakunikwa igunya lokulawula ezo ziphatha-mandla zazingenako ukulugqala ulongamo olupheleleyo nolupheleleyo lokuphela koThixo, uThixo kaSirayeli. Njengoko ulawulo lolawulo lwamaRoma lwaludlula, amaZealot aba ngqongqo ngakumbi kwindawo yawo. Babeqinisekile ukuba ubukumkani bukaThixo babuya kuziswa ngezenzo ngesenzo seNkosi. Kwaye kwakufuneka basebenzisane neNkosi kumzabalazo wezigalo, njengoko abantu bamandulo bamaYuda babeqhele ukwenza.

Ngale ndlela, intshukumo yemvukelo nemvukelo nxamnye namagunya aseRoma yondliwe kumaZealot. AmaZealot ekuqaleni kolawulo lwamaRoma ayenabalandeli abathile phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni. Kodwa njengoko ixesha lalihamba, iimeko ababephila kuzo abantu balapho zazidodobala. Ukuba nendlala ethe chatha, ukuhlawula iirhafu eziphezulu kakhulu, imeko embi kwezolimo neyorhwebo. Ngoko abarhwebi abavela kummandla waseGalili bathelela kumaZealot, kwanabanye ababevelana nabo. La maZealot eza kulwa namagunya aseRoma ngexesha likaYesu. Kwanakwiminyaka embalwa kamva bakwazi ukuseka imvukelo nxamnye neRoma ngaphambi nje komnyaka wama-70 emva kukaKristu.

AmaSamariya kwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Emva kokuwa kobukumkani basentla ngexesha lookumkani baseAsiriya phakathi kwenkulungwane yesibhozo neyesixhenxe ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Izizwe zakwaSirayeli eziphantsi kobukumkani basentla zagxothwa ukuze ziye kuhlala ekuthinjweni kummandla waseNineve. Ezi zizizwe zakwaSirayeli ezithathwa yimbali njengelahlekileyo kwaye zizo ezibonakala ziphinda zizalise ummandla wonke wobukumkani basentla xa ziphuma ekuthinjweni. Ngokusisiseko ummandla wommandla waseSamariya. I-repopulation eyenziwa ngabantu bemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, ixutywe phakathi kwabo.

Ekupheleni kokuthinjelwa kwamaYuda eBhabhiloni nokubuyela eYerusalem, aqalisa ukubuyisela itempile. Abemi ababephinde bahlala kummandla waseSamariya baya eYerusalem ukuze bancede amaYuda. Kodwa la maYuda asandul’ ukufika evela ekuthinjweni ayewagqala amaSamariya njengabantu beeNtlanga okanye abahedeni. Ngoko bayalugatya uncedo, bebaxelela ukuba abafuni nto iphuma kubo, abafuni kuxubana nabo. Yile ndlela ukwahlukana, ukwahlukana kunye nokudelela amaYuda namaSamariya aya kuba nakho.

Itempile yaseGuerizin

Njengoko iminyaka yayihamba yaye ngenxa yesibakala sokuba amaYuda ayengawavumeli amaSamariya ukuba asondele etempileni eYerusalem. AmaSamariya akha itempile encinane ejikeleze iNtaba yeGerizin.

Kamva malunga nenkulungwane yokuqala ngaphambi kukaKristu, umbingeleli omkhulu wakwaYuda uJuan Hircano utshabalalisa itempile yaseGerizín. Ngale nyaniso intiyo phakathi kwamaSamariya namaYuda iya iba nkulu.

Xa amaSamariya azifumanisa engenatempile, aqhubeka esenza izithethe zawo kwindawo evulekileyo engqonge iNtaba yeGerizín, yaye ngenxa yoko, akazange awajonge kakuhle amaYuda awayedlula kwilizwe lawo. Ngoxa bekwicala lamaYuda benza ngendlela efanayo namaSamariya, bewagqala njengabahedeni yaye bengenalwazi ngomthetho weTorah.

Noko ke, amaSamariya agcina oko kwakubizwa ngokuba yiPentatiki yamaSamariya. Yenziwe ngeencwadi ezintlanu zomthetho kodwa ngokwahluka okuthile kwipentatiki yokwenyani kaMoses. Ngokukodwa malunga noko kwathethwayo malunga nokubekwa kwindawo esembindini kwetempile.

Iiklasi zentlalo kwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Ngexesha likaYesu, abantu beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo babehlala eGalili. Inxalenye enkulu yabemi yayibunjwa ngabantu bezithethe zamaGrike abathetha isiGrike. Aba bantu babephuma kudidi lwentlalontle oluhlala ubukhulu becala kurhwebo nakumashishini. Ngokukwanjalo bahlala kwizixeko ezikhulu ezifana neSepphoris okanye iTibheriya.

Enye inxalenye yabantu baseGalili yayingamaYuda amaninzi asemaphandleni. Aba babethetha isiAramiki yaye babehlala kwimizi yasemaphandleni kwiidolophana okanye kwiidolophana zaseGalili. Ezinye zezi ndawo zihlala zibizwa kwiivangeli, ezinje ngeNazarete, iKana yazo iqhelekile kubafundi beencwadi zevangeli, iNazarete, iKana, iChorozayim, njl.

Ayicacanga ncam kwizibhalo zeTestamente eNtsha ukuba kwakukho unxibelelwano rhoqo phakathi kwabemi benkcubeko yamaGrike kunye nabemi benkcubeko yamaYuda ababehlala eGalili. Kodwa izibhalo zevangeli zityhila ngokucacileyo ukuba uYesu wayeseKapernahum, eKorozayim, eBhetesayida, eKana, eNazarete. Bonke aba bantu ngendlela efanayo ukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kubonisa ukuba abantu ababehlala apho babengamaYuda.

Noko ke, akukho siqinisekiso sinjalo sokuba uYesu ebesembindini welizwe okanye wahlala kwizixeko ezinabemi bamaGrike. EzinjengeKesareya yakwaFilipu, iTire, iCidon, iPtolemaida, iGádara. Kwezi zixeko, iSepphoris ibalasele kakhulu, ngelo xesha yayisisixeko esikhulu esinabemi abaninzi, yaye yayikuhambo lweyure ukusuka eNazarete. Kwaye ngaphandle koku, akukaze kukhankanywe kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yevangeli, nokuba uYesu ukhe wadlula okanye wadlula apho. Ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izixeko ezihlala amaGrike, kwizibhalo kuthiwa, umzekelo, ukuba uYesu:

• Wayekwintolongo yaseKesareya yakwaFilipu
• Wemka waya kwimimandla yaseTire naseKidon
• Waya eTibheriya naseGadara

Kodwa nanini na kubhalwe ukuba uYesu wayekwezo zixeko. Oku kubonisa isimo sengqondo sikaYesu esibonisa ukungakhathalelwa ngelo xesha ngabemi bamaGrike. Into eyityhilayo licebo eliqhubela phambili lolungiselelo lweNkosi olwaluza kuqalisa njengoko lwaluqala kwiTestamente eNdala ngabantu bakaThixo abanyuliweyo.

Ngoko ke, uYesu ubhekisa kuye kuqala kubantu bakwaSirayeli, abangabo banokusazi kakuhle isigidimi sakhe. Ngokuba bayazazi izinto ezazishunyayelwa ngabaprofeti neencwadi zomthetho weTorah. Inqanaba lesibini lomyalezo kaYesu liya kuhambelana nabapostile kunye necawe eyaqalayo yamaKristu ukufikelela kwiindaba ezilungileyo kunye nokushunyayelwa kweNkosi yethu uYesu Krestu kubo bonke abanye abantu kunye nazo zonke ezinye iinkcubeko.

Ibhinqa elikwimaphu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Uluntu lwasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu lwalungoosolusapho ngokupheleleyo. Le yayiyinkcubeko eyadluliselwa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwehlabathi ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana. Imizi yayibunjwe ziintsapho ezinkulu, ekubeni kwakusemthethweni ukuba indoda ibe nomfazi omnye. Ukwazi ukuba bonke kunye kwindlu enye nomyeni. Ngoko ke umfazi wayenendima engabalulekanga xa ethelekiswa nendoda. Nazi ezinye iinkalo ezifanelekileyo ngokuphathelele abafazi ngexesha uYesu wayesemhlabeni:

-Xa kubhekiswa kusapho, kukhankanywa umzi kayise welo khaya. Ekubeni uyise wayeyiNkosi yendlu kwaye ejongene nempahla yelo khaya.

-Yinzala yamadoda kuphela eyayinokuzuza ilifa losapho. Kaloku, iintombi zazinikela kuphela entsatsheni ngoko kwakungqamana nekhazi elafunyanwa ngabayeni kubawo xa betshata.

-Abafazi babetyala inkosi yabo ngendlela efanayo nekhoboka okanye umntwana ongaphantsi kweshumi elinesithathu. Ngoko ke, xa engatshatanga, umfazi wayezithoba kuyise, xa etshatile wayezithobile endodeni yakhe, yaye ukuba wayengumhlolokazi kwakufuneka atshate umnakwabo womyeni aze azithobe kuye. Njengoko kubhaliwe kwiDuteronomi 25:5-10.

-Umfazi wayemiselwe ukungazi, ngaphezu koko wayengenakufumana imfundo yonqulo, kuba ngokwamadoda wayengenawo amandla okuqonda iimfundiso. Ngoko ke izikolo yayizezamadoda kuphela.

-Abasetyhini babegqalwa njengabangacocekanga ngexesha lokuhamba kwegazi. Ngelo xesha indoda leyo ayibanga nakusondela kubo, ayiba nako nokubaphatha. Xa lo mfazi wazalayo, kwakufuneka aye etempileni aze enze idini kuThixo, ukuze ahlanjululwe. Ngokwento ebhaliweyo kwincwadi yeLevitikus 12, malunga nokuhlanjululwa kwabasetyhini emva kokuzala

-Umfazi lowo wayengenako ukucela ukuqhawula umtshato, oku kwakunokwenziwa kuphela ngumyeni ngokumala ekuhleni umfazi, efuna ukumala.

UYesu kunye nomfazi

UYesu ebudeni bobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni wayengakhethi buso bamntu, wayebaphatha ngokulinganayo bonke abantu ngaphandle kokucalula ngesini yaye bonke abantu babenako ukufikelela kubizo lwabo lokuthobela uBukumkani bukaThixo. Wayesoloko ekwenza kwacaca ukuba amabhinqa afanele aphathwe ngentlonelo nangolwazelelelo. Oku kunokubonakaliswa ngokuba phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe kwakukho amadoda nabafazi.

UYesu wayenomfazi kwisigxina esifanayo namalungelo afanayo nendoda. Ngoko ke, wayichasa esidlangalaleni imithetho okanye amasiko anokwenza abafazi babonakale njengabantu abakudidi lwesibini. EBhayibhileni unokufumana izicatshulwa ezahlukahlukeneyo apho uYesu abandakanyeka ekukhuseleni umfazi, njengale:

• UmSamariyakazi kuYohane 4:4-42
• UMarta noMariya, nobuhlobo babo noYesu kuLuka 10:38-42
• UYesu uyamxolela umoni, Luka 7:36–50
• Abafazi ababekhonza uYesu, Luka 8:1–3
• UYesu uphilisa umfazi, Luka 8:43–48

Itempile yaseYerusalem kwimephu yasePalestina ngexesha likaYesu

Itempile yaseYerusalem yayisesona sakhiwo sibalulekileyo kumaYuda asePalestina ngexesha likaYesu. Phakathi kweendonga zayo kwakunqulwa kuYehova, okuphela koThixo, uThixo kaSirayeli. Kwangokunjalo ababingeleli babesenza amadini endlwini yaseYerusalem. Itempile yaseYerusalem ngokwayo yayimela ubukho bukaThixo phakathi kwabantu bakhe.

Amadoda angamaYuda ayo yonke imimandla ekwimaphu yasePalestina ngamaxesha kaYesu kwakufuneka enze uhambo oluya minyaka le oluya etempileni yaseYerusalem, ngokuqhelekileyo ebudeni bokubhiyozelwa kwePasika.

Ngexesha likaYesu iLizwe lasePalestina ngokusisiseko lalilolo hlobo lobuthixo. Ekubeni unqulo lwalunendima ephambili, iinkokeli zonqulo zazinandipha igunya negunya elikhulu kwamanye amaziko, kwanaphezu kwabantu ngokubanzi.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwetempile

YayinguHerode Omkhulu owaqhuba umsebenzi wokwakha kwakhona iTempile ngonyaka we-19 BC, engukumkani wakwaYuda. Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwenziwa kwiziseko zetempile yokuqala eyakhiwa ngookumkani bakwaSirayeli uDavide nonyana wakhe uSolomon.

Itempile yenziwe nge-esplanade ebanzi kunye nommandla oziimitha ezingama-480 x 300. Ebibiyelwe ngodonga oluphakamileyo. Umlawuli uHerode wayenza yazukiswa kakhulu itempile ngokuyigquma ngebhastile negolide, ukuze ibonakale ifanelwe ngamandla kaThixo. EBhayibhileni, oku kulandelayo kunokufundwa kwiVangeli kaMarko:

UMarko 13:1: Eshiya uYesu etempileni, wathi omnye umfundi wakhe kuye, Mfundisi, uyawabona na la matye angaka, nezi zakhiwo zingaka?

Itempile yayinamasango amakhulu, alithoba ewonke, yaye asibhozo kula masango ayegqunywe ngegolide nesilivere. Kwangokunjalo, umphezulu wezi ngcango wawubengezela ngegolide nesilivere. Mnye kuphela umnyango owawuvalwe ngamalaphu obhedu avela eKorinte. Ukunika ixabiso eliphezulu ngakumbi kunezinye ezisibhozo. Kwakhona kwakukho igolide nesilivere kwezinye iindawo, njengamasango athile, iziphatho zezibane, izinto ezingcwele ezazisetyenziselwa amadini namasiko amaYuda.

Itempile eyaphinda yakhiwa kwakhona nguHerode iyaphangwa ize itshatyalaliswe emva kokuwa kweYerusalem ngonyaka wama-70 emva kukaKristu, njengoko uYesu wayeya kuprofeta ebudeni bobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni.

UMarko 13:2: Waphendula uYesu wathi kuye, Uyazibona na ezi zakhiwo zikhulu? Akusayi kusala litye phezu kwelitye, elingayi kubhukuqwa.

IiOfisi ezisetempileni

Iiofisi okanye amahlelo amabini ayeqhutywa mihla le etempileni eYerusalem. Eyokuqala yenziwa kusasa ize eyesibini emva kwemini. Kwimibhiyozo ekhethekileyo yesithethe samaYuda kwenziwa iofisi ekhethekileyo. Phakathi kwale mibhiyozo okanye iiholide zamaYuda zingakhankanywa:

• IPasika yamaYuda okanye iPasika
• Shavuot okanye uMthendeleko weZiqhamo zokuqala
• Umthendeleko weminquba okanye iSukkot

Kule mibhiyozo ubukho bawo onke amadoda angamaYuda angaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesithathu ubudala ayesisinyanzelo. Ngaphezu kwako konke, amadoda ahlala kwimimandla ekude neYerusalem ayefanele aye kwiPasika yamaYuda.

Itempile yayikwaliziko lokufundisa, apho kwakufundiswa inzululwazi yonqulo, imfundiso yezakwalizwi nobulungisa bamaYuda. Ngemihla kaYesu, wayedla ngokufundisa etempileni nakwizindlu zesikhungu ezahlukahlukeneyo zaloo mmandla. Ukuba ayeluhlobo oluthile lwesebe letempile nendawo yokuhlanganisana yamaYuda ukuze athandazele, kwanofundisiso loMthetho.