Ukubonakala kunye neempawu zeManticore
Ukukhankanywa kokuqala okwaziwayo kwe-manticore kwashiywa kuthi ngumbhali-mbali ongumGrike kunye nogqirha uCtesias, emsebenzini wakhe. Indica (yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC). Nangona Indica ngoku ilahlekileyo, abanye ababhali babika amaqhekeza omsebenzi weCtesias, osivumela ukuba sibe nenkcazo ecacileyo ye-manticore. Ukubalisa oko uPliny Omkhulu akubhalayo kweyakhe Imbali yeNdalo:
UCtesias ubhala ukuba phakathi kwala madoda afanayo kukho isilwanyana ekuthiwa Mantichora Uloluhlu lwamazinyo amathathu njengekama, ubuso neendlebe zomntu, namehlo aluhlaza. Ibomvu ngombala kunye nomzimba wengonyama kunye nomsila owenziwe ngama-stingers of scorpion. Ilizwi lakhe likhumbula izandi zembande ezixutywe nezo zexilongo yaye usisidalwa esinesantya esikhulu nesingxamele inyama yomntu. (8.75)
Ingxelo kaPliny ye-manticore yaba nefuthe kubabhali bamva. Kwakubonakala kunika i-monster imbonakalo yokwenyani, ekubeni uPliny wayecatshangelwa, kwiinkulungwane ezizayo, isazi esikhulu sezilwanyana ezimangalisayo njengoko zazingaqhelekanga.
IManticore yayidume ngokungashiyi mkhondo wamaxhoba ayo.
Kwakukholelwa ukuba i-morphology ye-manticore ithathwe kwindawo ephuhliswe kuyo: i imihlaba enzima neyomileyo ukusuka kwiintlango zaseIndiya nakuMbindi Mpuma. Kwakufuneka ibe ndlongondlongo ibe nezixhobo ukuze ibambe ixhoba layo ize iphephe ukuzingelwa ngamarhamncwa. Ekuqaleni ukuzingela izilwanyana ezifana neehagu zasendle kunye ne-ibex, i-manticore yaqalisa ukutsaleleka ezilalini ziinkomo eyayizingela kwaye ngokungaphephekiyo yaqalisa ukuhlasela nokutyisa abantu, ngaloo ndlela iqala intsomi yayo.
I-manticore ayizange ishiye nomkhondo wexhoba layo. Inokuhlasela umntu kufutshane ngeezipho ezibukhali okanye iintolo ezinetyhefu ukusuka emsileni wayo kumgama okhuselekileyo. Xa edubula ezi dayi, umsila wakhe wawugoba ngasemva okanye ube mde. Umbhali ongumRoma uAelian (175-235 AD) wabanga ukuba "yonke into eyibethayo iyayibulala, ngaphandle kweendlovu". Izilwanyana ezinobuhlungu zichazwa njengezingqindilili njengentambo kunye nonyawo (30 cm) ubude. Ngalo lonke ixesha ekhulula ulwamvila, elinye lalikhula endaweni yalo.
Ngexhoba andizange ndanele
IiManticores azizange zonelise nje ukutya kwazo ngokubulala umntu, zona basukela abantu abaninzi ngaxeshanye, ukonwabela ukuzingela kakhulu. Eyona ndlela eyayikhetha ngayo ukurhwebesha nokuzingela ixhoba yayikukufihla umzimba walo engceni, ukuze bonke abantu babone intloko yomntu xa umgama. Ngaloo ndlela bekhohliswa, abantu babeza kusondela kwi-manticore kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba baqonde oko kwenzekayo, babeza kuhlaselwa baze babulawe. Oku kwabonisa indlela eyayinobuqhophololo nekrelekrele ngayo i-manticore. Nangona ngokungathandabuzekiyo abantu yayilelona xhoba liyithandayo, i<em>manticore yayizingela izilwanyana, ngaphandle kwengonyama eyayingenakuze yoyise.
Ukugcina ubundlongondlongo bee-manticores bay, amaNdiya kuthiwa zazingela amantshontsho azo ngokwaphula imisila yazo. ukubathintela ekukhuleni nasekudubuleni imida yabo enetyhefu. IiManticores zazihlala kwimingxuma enzulu apho zazikwazi ukuzimela kumarhamncwa nakubantu.
Imvelaphi kunye neengcaciso ezinokwenzeka
Kukholelwa ukuba i-manticore inemvelaphi kwiIndiya kunye nePersi yamandulo. Eminye imithombo ithi ineengcambu zayo kwiintsomi zamandulo zamaPersi, ngoxa ezinye ziphikisa ngelithi sisidalwa saseIndiya. Ngokutsho kuka-Aelian kweyakhe iimpawu zezilwanyana, «UCtesias uthi usibonile isidalwa esinjalo esiziswa kukumkani wasePersi njengesipho.» (4.21). Abanye ababhali bayalixhasa eli bango, besithi nangona uCtesias waqala ukubona isidalwa ePersi, sasivela eIndiya. Mhlawumbi kuchanekile, ke ngoko, ukuthi yavela kuncwadi lwamaPersi, kodwa kamva yachazwa njengesidalwa sentsomi yaseIndiya.
Nangona kunjalo UPliny uMdala wamkela ubukho be-manticore njengenyani, okanye kubonakala njalo kuye Imbali yeNdalo, abanye ababhali angoogxa bakhe abazange boyike ukusigatya esi sidalwa njengembudane emsulwa, bebonisa ukuba oko uCtesia wakubonayo yayisesinye isilwanyana. Umzekelo, kwifowuni yakho Inkcazo yeGrisi, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike kunye nesazi ngejografi uPausanias uthelekisa i-manticore nengwe aze azame ukunika ingcaciso esengqiqweni ngemvelaphi yayo:
Kwiakhawunti kaCtesias, eIndiya kukho irhamncwa elibizwa ngokuba yimartichora ngamaIndiya kwaye '.umntu odlayo' ngamaGrike, kodwa ndicinga ukuba ibhekisela kwingwe. Inemiqolo emithathu yamazinyo kwi-arch nganye kunye ne-stinger kwincam yomsila wayo. Uzikhusela ngezi spikes kumlo osondeleyo, aze azikhuphe njengotolo lomtoli xa kusilwa umgama. Ndicinga ukuba uloyiko olugqithisileyo lwerhamncwa lukhokelele amaIndiya ukuba abe nombono ongalunganga ngalo. (9.21.4)
UFlavius Philostratus kunye noAristotle
Ngenkulungwane yesi-II AD. C., umbhali ongumGrike uFlavius Philostratus (malunga nowe-170-245 AD) Yathi i-manticore yi "frottola", oko kukuthi, umculo ongcolileyo, ongenantsingiselo ( Ubomi buka-Apollonius waseTyana , 3.45).
U-Aristotle (384-322 BC), owathi kunye noPliny Omkhulu wayegqalwa njengegunya elikhulu ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, wakhanyela ubukho bezidalwa ezixubileyo. Wabonisa ukuba ezo zilwanyana zahlukeneyo zazingenakukwazi ukuzala ngokuphumelelayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kutyhafise ukunyuka kokuthandwa kwezilo ezikhulu eziye zaqhubeka zibonakala kubugcisa nakuncwadi.
Bartholomew Anglico kunye neBrunetto Latino
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu, umfundi waseParis, uBartholomew Anglico, wathelekisa i-manticore nebhere kwaye wayibeka eIndiya kweyakhe De proprietatibus rerum (Malunga nolandelelwano lwezinto). Umphengululi waseTaliyane uBrunetto Latino uyihlele kunye nezinye izidalwa ezitya inyama njengengcuka kunye nentakumba kwi-encyclopedia yakhe. Livres dou Trésor (incwadi yobutyebi).
Amazinyo abalaseleyo e-manticore kunye nomnxeba ongaqhelekanga wabangela ukuba abanye ababhali beklasikhi nabanamhlanje bayithelekise ingcuka yaseAfrika. Ngelixa umsila wayo omde kunye nesantya wawubonisa ukuba yayikhangeleka njengengwenkala. Ubume bakhe obuyoyikekayo nothando lwakhe ngenyama yomntu lusenokuba lwalufanekisela ukoyika into engaziwayo nengaqhelekanga.
Abameli
Ngexesha leXesha eliPhakathi, i-manticore yayiyindawo yokugcina izilwanyana. rhoqo kubonakala ngathi umhombiso kwiicathedrals ephakathi, efuzisela uYeremiya, umprofeti ongumYuda owayelumkisa ngentshabalalo. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iimanticores zazisetyenziswa nakwi-heraldry; noko ke, olu tyekelo aluzange luhlale xesha lide njengoko kwakucingelwa ukuba lumela ububi, ingcamango eyayixhaphakile ngamaxesha aphakathi.
Imizobo ye-manticore inokufunyanwa kwiMaphu ye-Hereford (imephu yamaxesha aphakathi yehlabathi elaziwayo), apho iboniswa ijonge kude nengwe.
UKumkani Arthur
Kwinqaba yaseRunkelstein (efumaneka eTirol) kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo obonisa elinye lamajoni kaKing Arthur ejongene ne<em>manticore kunye nesinye isilwanyana (ingonyama okanye ingwe). Kwi ibali lamarhamncwa anemilenze emine Ngu-Edward Topsell (1572-1625), inkcazo ye-manticore ihamba kunye neplanga apho amazinyo ayo amabi abonakala ngokucacileyo.
Ngexesha le-336 kunye ne-323 leminyaka, i-manticore ikhankanywe kwiindlela ezininzi zothando malunga no-Alexander Omkhulu (r. XNUMX-XNUMX BC), apho ehlasela umkhosi waseMakedoni kunye nezinye izidalwa ezimbi.
Kwakhona kuncwadi...
Ngokuqinisekileyo ii-Manticores azilahleki nakwiincwadi zefantasy zanamhlanje kunye nemidlalo. I-manticore inokufumaneka kuhlelo lokuqala lwe Izisele kunye neeDragons (1974) nakumdlalo wamakhadi aqokelelweyo Umlingo: Ukuqokelela (1993).
Kuluhlu lweencwadi zikaRick Riordon UPercy Jackson kunye noo-Olympian Gods, UDkt Thorn, umchasi weqhawe uPercy Jackson, unokuguqula ibe yi-manticore exhotywe ngomsila we-scorpion. Ophumelele iBhaso leNobel uSalman Rushdie wazisa i-manticore kwisahluko sokuqala sodumo lwakhe Iivesi zikaSathana (1988).
I-manticore nayo ibonakala kuluhlu oluthandwa kakhulu UHarry Potter nguJK Rowling. Nye UHarry Potter kunye neNtolongo yaseAzkaban(2004), abalinganiswa abaphambili bafunda nge-manticore ebulala abantu. Okwangoku kwi UHarry Potter kunye neGoblet yoMlilo (2005), uHagrid uwela i-manticore kunye ne-crab yomlilo ukudala uhlobo olutsha lwezilwanyana olubizwa ngokuba yi-skrewt.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ayizizo zonke iimanticores ezithe zachazwa njengamarhamncwa: kwinoveli kaE. Nesbit. incwadi yeedragons, elinye lamagorha aselula linceda ukoyikeka kunye nokululama kwe-manticore ukubaleka kwi-bestiary.