“Eyona nto imbi kukuba xa udinwe yiNew York akukho ndawo unokuya kuyo. Yeyona ndawo iphambili yehlabathi. Ekuphela kwento onokuyenza kukuhamba-hamba njengonomatse oseluvalelweni.”
Omnye umsebenzi olahlekileyo, owazi ngakumbi i-pan ngaphezu kokudideka, kufuneka ukuba ashiye ibhakethi ekhohliwe emphethweni we-cornice, ekupheleni kwesakhiwo eso esidumileyo esinemilo yentsimbi yentsimbi. Unyaka we-1902, iFlatiron enkulu, i-skyscraper yokuqala enebhongo eNew York, icinga ukutshona kwelanga okokuqala kwaye, ngubani owaziyo ukuba njani (mhlawumbi impepho, impepho epholileyo yokuqala xa ilanga lisithi ndlela-ntle? mhlawumbi imvula?), vacuum.
Ukusuka kwibhakethi ihluma, kwimilinganiselo engenakwenzeka kwaye emangalisayo, zonke iintlobo zeentambo, iintambo kunye neentambo. Amakhulu amawaka eentshulube ezinkulu ezithi ngexesha lokuwa kwazo zikhuphisane ngesantya esiphantsi kwamathontsi asemafini. Iintambo, iintambo, iintambo kunye neentambo zefestile ziyawa kangangeminyaka: iipuli eziqinileyo eziphoswa ngokugqibeleleyo ngasembindini womhlaba, ngamanye amaxesha ziye kumbindi weWall Street; kwakhona imitya ukuba phing, ngamanye amaxesha emitshatweni, abanye kwi ishishini, abanye kumatyala asemthethweni (abanye, bebonke ngaxeshanye bekwimo yoqhawulo-mtshato); imicu ecekethekileyo eceba ukuya ecaleni kwendlela ekulweni nomoya, izifunxi-gazi kunye nobuhlwempu; kwaye, kunjalo, imicu anemic ewisa fray nokuba ukuhamba kwexesha, indlala, okanye ithuba elula ekugqibeleni ukubulala.
Umxholo webhakethi uqondwa njengabantu abahlala kuyo Manhattan Transfer. Qonda i-clumsiness yomsebenzi, imvula kunye namandla omxhuzulane, iimeko zolu nxushunxushu oluyaleleyo olubizwa ngokuba bubomi. Ziqonde ngokuqala kophononongo lwe Manhattan Transfer, indlela ethobekileyo enomtsalane ngayo kwisafobe somntu ongakwaziyo ukuqalisa inqaku.
Manhattan Transfer Review
Abalinganiswa abalinganiswa. Eyona noveli idumileyo yeyona noveli idumileyo ye Ernest Hemingway (uxolo kaFrancis Scott Fitzgerald kunye neyakhe IGatsby enkulu) unama-38 abalinganiswa besibini. Ecaleni kwe amashumi amathathu eminyaka ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, sifunda amaphupha, uvuyo kunye neentsizi zabasebenzi ukwenzela ukucazulula i-anatomy yegama elifanelekileyo kuphela elinendima ehamba phambili: i-New York enkulu yemali, amabhongo kunye ne-clich esazi sonke namhlanje.
Nangona inokufumaneka kwifomati yepokotho ngaphezulu nje kweshumi elinanye leeuro, ixabiso lembali Manhattan Transfer alixabisekanga (lo mzekeliso umbi, nawo).
Manhattan Transfer Isibonisa ngcono kunayo nayiphi na enye inoveli yelo xesha (okanye batsho njalo) ukuba intlupheko yayinambitheka njani, zagquma njani iirejista zemali kunye nevumba elimnandi. IMelika echumileyo emva kweMfazwe eNkulu kunye nangaphambi kweCrack yama-29. Kwaye kwanekamva elalimlindele. Funda, funda, okuthethwa yincwadi eyapapashwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX:
[Incoko phakathi kwabayili bezakhiwo eManhattan Transfer]»“Ndoda, kufuneka ubone izicwangciso zabo zezakhiwo zentsimbi zodwa. Unombono wokuba i-skyscraper yexesha elizayo iya kwakhiwa kuphela ngentsimbi kunye neglasi. Besizama ngeethayile mva nje… Krestu, ezinye zeeprojekthi zabo zingakuvuthela ingqondo. Inebinzana elikhulu elivela kwi-Andazi ukuba yintoni na umlawuli waseRoma owafumana iRoma wenza ngezitena waza wayishiya ngebhastile. Ewe, uthi ufumene iNew York eyenziwe ngezitena kwaye uzakuyishiya yenziwe ngentsimbi…, yentsimbi kunye neglasi. Kufuneka ndikubonise iprojekthi yakhe yokwakha isixeko kwakhona. Liphupha elibudenge!"
ENew York, umlinganiswa ophambili wehive ye Manhattan Transfer
UMosaic, ikhathalogu, umboniso... abagxeki basebenzise amagama amaninzi ukudumisa olu luhlu lweedrama zabantu eziqhubela phambili ngesantya sombane esi. Manhattan Transfer. Ngegumbi lepati kunye ne-melopeas yeedola kumhlathi omnye, kunye nokukhupha isisu kwi-cubbyhole elandelayo. Ibali eliqhekezayo liyi-cinematographic kakhulu, ukuya kwinqanaba, kakhulu kwisiqingatha res, ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba ibali lenzeka phi ngoku okanye lide kangakanani na ukusukela ekuthetheni okokugqibela kumlinganiswa. Okubalulekileyo apha ngumhlambi. Indlu yeenyosi.
Indlu yeenyosi? Emva kwamaphepha ambalwa, ndiye ndakhumbula indongamela kaNobel UCamilo José Cela. yintoni ngaphandle Manhattan Transfer ibingenokubakho ngcono? inoveli yinto ecace kakhulu etyhilwe kwangethuba kwaye, nangona kunjalo, ayikonakalisi ukufundwa kunye nokonwabela kwayo. Manhattan Transfer kunye nebali lakhe. Amabali akhe. Nangona iDos Passos igcwalisa yonke into ngesenzo kunye nencoko, umfundi kufuneka enze uninzi lwenxalenye yabo (ipeni nephepha mhlawumbi) kwaye athathele ingqalelo ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukuhlala kunye ne-tangle enkulu yokujija kunye nokujika kunye neendlela zesibini.
I-Dos Passos kunye ne-anti-capitalist critique
Iyelenqe lentatheli uJimmy Herf kunye negqwetha uGeorge Baldwin bagqama. Njengoko kufanele ukuba, azikho iimpawu ezilungileyo kwaye ezimbi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngamnye usondela kwimida emibini. I-Erratic, i-wobbly kwaye ilungile, u-Herf uyasokola ukufumana indawo yakhe emhlabeni ngelixa u-Baldwin, onamabhongo, eba nguMnu. Imali, Amandla kunye nabasetyhini. UDos Passos uya kuphucula uncwadi lwakhe lwe-counter-capitalist trench kwimisebenzi yamva, kodwa kule nxalenye intsalela yokugxeka kunye nokungonwabi kwibutho labantu apho "okuphela komntu oxhakamfula ubungxowankulu ingumqhatha, kwaye uba ngusozigidi ngoko nangoko."
kakhulu kakhulu Isidumbu nguRafael Chirbes.
La ukuqeshwa Ayithathwanga kwinoveli, ithathwe kuJohn Dos Passos. Encwadini isiqalekiso asizange siboniswe ngokucace ngolo hlobo. Kufuneka umbe kwi-cast. Kukho abo benza kakuhle kwi-Stock Exchange kwaye kukho abo bafa begximfizwe elwandle emva kokutsiba kwiBhulorho yaseBrooklyn.
Gcoba kwaye ujonge ukuba wonke umntu, nkqu ne-primed, ukuphefumla njani ukunganeliseki okujikeleza kuxinzelelo, i-vertigo, ukungxama kunye nesiphithiphithi esiqhelekileyo seBig Apple; isixeko esine-multivitamin apho ukuqhuma kwezinto ezincinci ezibulalayo (umlilo, iingozi zendlela, ukuchithwa komntu, ukubulawa kwabantu) kubonakala ngathi ixabiso elingenakuphepheka lokuhlawula ukuze uqhubeke nokutyhala iipistons zenkqubela phambili yabantu.
Isahluko ngasinye siqala ngeenkcazo ezintle zezihlwele kunye nokungaziwa kwe-metropolitan. Ukuba siyayityeshela intsalela yenyaniso engathandekiyo ukuba incwadi ishiya, le mihlathi yentshayelelo yilayisenisi encinci ukuba i-Dos Passos ivumela ukuba isikhwaza ngaphandle kokulinganisa isiqingatha uluvo lwakhe malunga nendlela izinto ezenziwa ngayo kwikomkhulu lehlabathi. Ngokutsho Luis Goytisolo kwisincoko sakhe ubume benoveli, ezi nkcazo ziye zamisela umfanekiso (indawo eqhelekileyo) engenakulinganiswa ENew York yembovane encinci Automata Edward Hopper thobela:
“Urhatya lujikeleza ngobunono iikona eziqinileyo zezitrato. Ubumnyama buyasongamela isixeko esiqhumayo, iifestile ezinyibilikayo, iibhodi, iitshimini, iitanki zamanzi, iifenethi, izinto zokubalekela umlilo, izinto ezixonxiweyo, izihombiso, imihombiso, amehlo, izandla. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lobusuku, iifestile zithulula imilambo yokukhanya, ii-arcs zombane zichitha ubisi olukhanyayo. Ubusuku bucinezela iibhloko ezimnyama zezindlu de zithontsize izibane ezibomvu, ezityheli, eziluhlaza ezitratweni apho izigidi zeenyawo ziphindaphinda. Ukukhanya kuthulula imiqondiso ephahleni, kujikeleza amavili, imibala yeetoni zesibhakabhaka."
Como UFrancis Scott Fitzgerald, iDos Passos yeyokubizwa ngokuba yiLast Generation. Intoni Igatsby enkulu, Manhattan Transfer yapapashwa ngo-1925. Ngelixa eyokuqala yayilinganiselwe ekuchazeni ukujikeleza kwamaqamza e-champagne echithekileyo kwisiraphu ye-vice kunye nomnqweno, incwadi esixhalabisayo namhlanje yi-encyclopedia epheleleyo yezilwanyana kunye neeklasi zentlalo ezizihlambileyo. isiqithi kwingabula-zigcawu yeJazz Age.
Umxholo wencwadi kaPassas ubhekisela kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esixakekileyo. Indawo apho, njengakwinoveli, ubuso buza buye buhambe, obunye buhlala kwiretina kwaye obunye bulibaleke ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwenyani kokuphambuka malunga nesayikholoji yabalinganiswa ngokuthanda ukulandelelana kweziganeko zemihla ngemihla kunye nencoko yababini, le ncwadi ibinokuba namaphepha angama-200 mfutshane okanye iwaka lamaphepha ubude. Kwakungekho nto: into ebalulekileyo sisidleke. Izihloko kunye nokuhlelwa kucatshulwe, ubungqina obungakumbi bokuba i-Manhattan Transfer, ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, ibubungqina bento eyayiyiNew York kunye nencwadana yendlela efike ngayo apho ikhoyo.
John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer
I-Debolsillo, i-Barcelona 2009 (eyapapashwa ekuqaleni ngo-1925)
Amaphepha angama-448 | 11 euro