La Imagnethi Yenye yezona zimbiwa zinomdla ezikhoyo kwaye yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwangoku. Ngesi sihlandlo, Amandla omoya Iya kuchaza yonke into enxulumene neli litye.
Imagnethi
Le ore yentsimbi yenziwe yidiferric oxide ferrous oxide. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ferroferrite kunye ne-morpholite. Ke ngoko, inokudibanisa izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokungcola ezithatha indawo yentsimbi yokuqala neyesibini.
Olunye lweempawu eziphambili ze-lodestone kukuba iyaziwa ukuba inomtsalane obalulekileyo weemagnethi kwipropathi yayo. Nangona i-magnetism yayo ibuthathaka, le minerali yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukutsala iinzipho ezinkulu. Ngapha koko, ezinye iindlela zale minerali kwiindawo ezithile ziimagnethi.
Yiyo loo nto i-magnetite ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lodestone, kuba le fomu yamagnetic iyona minerali kuphela eyenza umazibuthe wendalo. Ngale ndlela, imagnethi enayo yenza ukuba amasuntswana entsimbi adityaniswe rhoqo kwindawo yawo.
Kufuneka uhlale ukhumbula ukuba oku kuyakwazi ukwenza umaleko we-oxide etyheli kunye nokuchukumisa okumdaka ukuba uyayihlamba okanye uyibeke kwindawo emanzi. Kodwa xa usenza oku, kufuneka uyomise ngoko nangoko ukunqanda ukuba ingavuthwa.
Kwimeko apho i-oxidizes, ungayisusa ngokulula ngokususa i-magnetite kwi-solvent oxide. Abanye bayichaza njenge-ferromagnetic, ngenxa yomtsalane onamandla kumandla ombane. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu zayo eziphambili kukuba inomtsalane onamandla kwimagnethi, ubunzima kunye ne-streak.
Historia
Ngokutsho kolunye uphando, igama layo livela kwisixeko saseGrike saseMagnesia eThessaly, ngoku eyi-prefecture yaseMagnesia. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwentsomi yamandulo yombhali ongumRoma uPliny Omdala okanye uCayo Plinio Secundo, igama lale minerali libangelwa ligama likaMagnes ongumalusi, owathi wafunyanwa kweli litye kwiNtaba yeIda.
Kule ntsomi, uMfundisi uMagnes wafumanisa ilitye lendawo yokuhlala xa wabona ukuba lincamathele kwizikhonkwane ezihlangwini zakhe.
Inkangeleko
Umbala wemagnethi ungwevu omnyama ukuya kumnyama. Ukukhanya kwayo ku-opaque kwaye ukukhanya kuyintsimbi. Ephawulwa ngokuba nenkqubo ye-isometric crystal. Ukongeza kuloo nto, inokuchithwa kwi-concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Iikristale zayo zihlala ziyi-octahedral kwaye zinokuba nokwakheka okugqwesileyo, ngaphandle kwe-dodecahedral. Kwifom yengqolowa, iinkozo ezifakwe ngaphakathi kunye neekristale ezijikelezayo.
Kusenokubakho iikristale ezidibanisa ubuso be-octahedral kunye ne-dodecahedral. Ngapha koko, iikristale zinokunqunyulwa kwaye ezinye iikristale ze-octahedral zinokuqulatha uphuhliso lweqokobhe.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-hematite yamaminerali (ifom ye-mineral ye-ferric oxide) iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-pseudomorphs phezu kwemagnetite. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yiMartite. Ezi ziphawulwa ngokuba nenkangeleko efana kakhulu naleyo yemagnethi eqhelekileyo. Nangona umahluko kukuba iMartite inomtsalane kakhulu kumandla kazibuthe kwaye imdaka ngombala obomvu.
Imilo
Ivelisa iikristale ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 centimeters, ubukhulu becala i-octahedral (ubuso obusibhozo) kwaye kwiimeko ezimbalwa i-dodecahedral (ubuso obulishumi elinesibini) kunye nemicu ehambelanayo. Ngapha koko, azifane zibonwe kwiikristale zecubic. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne malachite.
Indawo
IMagnetite sisimbiwa esixhaphake kakhulu kwaye saziwa kakhulu, yiyo loo nto igrunjwa kurhwebo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Isuka kumatye avuthayo, afana ne-diabase okanye igranite emnyama, nakwilitye le-metamorphic kunye nakwi-hydrothermal replacement deposits.
Ngenxa yokuba i-lodestone yenye yezona zimbiwa ze-iron oxide ezixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi, inokwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iyiminerali eqhelekileyo kumatye avuthayo, ayifane idale iikristale ezinkulu ezinokubonwa kwiisampulu zesandla.
Ngapha koko, iqhele ukusasazeka ngelitye ngendlela yeekristale ezincinci eziphuhlayo zijikeleze imida yeeminerali zentsimbi, njengeBiotite, Amphibole kunye nePyroxenes.
Yiyo loo nto, kule fomu yahlulwe, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba inomthamo omkhulu onokubonwa nguzibuthe wesandla, ukuze iliwa libonwe ngezixhobo ezibuthathaka.
Iikristale zayo ze-octahedral, ezidla ngokuhlala kwi-matrix, zaziwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinjengeWallis Island eFransi, eBinntal eSwitzerland nakwezinye iindawo zeli lizwe.
Uphuhliso lwezi crystals lukhetheke kakhulu, njengoko kwezinye iimeko zinokuba neemaleko ezimile okwe-triangular okanye i-striae. Ngapha koko, enye yezona ndawo zinkulu zediphozithi zale minerali ibekwe kwindawo esemantla eSweden, apho kukho iikristale ezigqwesileyo ezivela kwisixeko saseNordmark.
Kukho neekristale zale minerali ezenziwe kakuhle kwaye zivela kwiMayini yaseKovdor kwi-Peninsula yaseKola eRashiya. Ngelixa iikristale ezenziwe ngenani elikhulu le-striae eliphawulwa ngokuba neengqimba zophuhliso zisuka ikakhulu kwisixeko saseParachinar esisePakistan.
Ngokuphathelele ukukhutshwa kwemagnetite kwilizwekazi laseMelika, ikhutshwe eMzantsi Melika, ngokukodwa eCerro Huanaquino, ePotosí eBolivia. Apho iikristale ze-octahedral zikhoyo ezibonakala ngokuba nokukhanya okumangalisayo kwaye zenziwe ngendlela entle kakhulu.
Ezinye iindawo ezibalaseleyo apho le minerali inokufumaneka khona eNorway, ePortugal, eSpain, eThailand naseMauritania.
Iiminerali ezihambelana nazo
Eli litye lidla ngokudibanisa neCalcite, Hornblende, Biotite, Flopopite, Talc, Hematite, Epidote, Apatite, Alamdina, Chlorite kunye nePyrite eyaziwayo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne ipyrite.
Ukufana nezinye iiminerali
I-Magnetite iyafana neeminerali ezahlukeneyo, kodwa yohluka ngenxa yezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Franklinite: itsalwa ngokubuthathaka kakhulu yimagnethi kwaye umbala wayo uyahluka ukusuka kubomvu omdaka ukuya kumnyama.
- Umqolo: Ayitsalwanga kwimagnethi kwaye ine-vitreous luster kunye ne-white streak.
- Ilmenite: Inentsimbi emnyama ngombala kwaye inentsimbi okanye i-sub-metallic sheen. Ayinamandla yimagnethi.
- Chromite: Ibonakala ngokuba yimagnethi ebuthathaka kwaye iphakathi kokuguquguqukayo kunye ne-opaque, inomnyama, umdaka omnyama kunye nokubengezela kwesinyithi.
- I-post-magnetite pseudomorph hematite: Inomtsalane wemagnethi obuthathaka kakhulu.
Sebenzisa
Le minerali ebalulekileyo yentsimbi yenziwe ngamakristali abumba kakuhle kakhulu, okwenza ukuba abe nomtsalane kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantu abazinikele ekuqokeleleni amaminerali. Nangona kwintsimi yesayensi, eli litye likwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kuba linezinto ezinamandla zamagnetic.
Njengemathiriyeli yokwakha, isetyenziswe njenge-aggregate yendalo yoxinaniso oluphezulu kwikhonkrithi, ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwemitha. Kwakhona isetyenziswe kwiibhoyili zemizi-mveliso, kuba i-compound ezinzile kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Nokuba ukuzinza kwayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuyenza ibe ngumkhuseli olungileyo wendawo yangaphakathi yeetyhubhu zebhoyila, yiyo loo nto unyango lwemichiza lwenziwa kwiibhoyila zemizi-mveliso. Ukuze wenze imigangatho eqhubekayo yale minerali kwindawo yangaphakathi yeetyhubhu.
Into enomdla kwi-magnetite kukuba ine-magnetoreception, eyisakhono sezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ukuqaphela indlela kunye nolwalathiso lwendawo yamagnetic. Yiyo loo nto imagnetite ikwasetyenziswa zizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ukuzikhokela, njengeentaka neenyosi.
Kananjalo ikwasetyenziswa ziimolluscs ukuzikhokela kuhambo lokuhamba zisebenzisa imagnethi yomhlaba. Ngokukodwa yi-molluscs ye-Chiton genus, enesakhiwo esifana kakhulu nolwimi olwaziwa ngokuba yi-radula, egutyungelwe ngama-denticles ahlanganiswe kule mineral. Ukongeza ekuthandeni xa kusila ukutya.
Esinye sezilwanyana ezineenkozo zelitye emilonyeni ukuze zijongise kuzo, ngamahobe. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne hematite.
iimpawu ezinamandla
Imagnethi kwintsingiselo yamatye, ihlelwa njengomthombo olungileyo kakhulu wokuphilisa umhlaba kunye nokubakho komntu ngamnye. Ukongeza kuloo nto, ilungele ukutsala ukuzola kunye nokukhupha amandla amahle kunye neemvakalelo ezilungileyo.
Umntu onemagnetite unokubona ngokucacileyo oko kumngqongileyo. Ukuba lucid ngakumbi, rhoqo kwaye ukwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho ngcono kakhulu, kuba iya kuthomalalisa amandla angalunganga, ngaloo ndlela uthintele amaxhala.
Ngale ndlela, intsingiselo yokomoya yale litye kukuxhasa ulawulo lweemvakalelo ezingalunganga ukuze ziphelise kwaye zivelise iimvakalelo ezintle ezibonelela ngengqondo kunye nokulinganisela okwaneleyo.
Ukuphilisa iipropathi
Ngamanye amaxesha i-Magnetite isetyenziswa ngabantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla, ezifana ne-asthma. Ikwasetyenziswa njengonyango olulolunye lokhathalelo lolusu kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba.
Abanye batusa ukubeka i-magnetite phezulu ngasemva kwentamo. Nangona abanye becinga ukuba inokuthi ibekwe phezu kwesiseko somqolo okanye enye idibeneyo apho kukho uhlobo oluthile lwentlungu. Ukongeza koko, inokushiywa kufutshane nabantu xa belele. Kuba inceda ukuthomalalisa amahlaba ebusuku.
Njengoko uye wakwazi ukuqaphela, kukho imisebenzi emininzi ye-magnetite, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo kuwe, ukuze ube nale minerali enomdla. Ukuba ubuthanda ulwazi olukweli nqaku, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne ikristale yelitye.