Ngelinjani ilizwe ngaphandle ngomthi? Phantse yonke into eyenziwa nguMntu, ukusuka kumlilo okhuselayo we-cavemen ukuya kwi-parquet enhle, isikhumbuza ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwamandulo kule nto yendalo. Yingakho kulo msebenzi siza kuhlolisisa ngaphaya kwamakhonkco exesha lakhe, ukwazi yonke into ngaye.
Ingcamango kunye nenkcazo yomthi
Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe wazibuza yintoni inkuni. Ngaloo ndlela siya kuqalisa le post sizama ukucacisa loo mathandabuzo. Ukuchaneka kakhulu, sinokuchaza umthi njengomthombo ofunyanwa kwimithi yemithi. Umthombo osetyenziswa kwizinto ezininzi zokwakha, kunye nokuba ngowona mdala kuwo onke amafutha.
Ngelixa sinokuchaza umthi njengento eyenziwe liqela elintsonkothileyo lezicubu ezithi zona zenze ubunzima beziqu zomthi, zingawahoyi amaxolo azo.
Ukuze ube nombono ocacileyo wexabiso layo lembali, inkcazo edla ngokunikezelwa kuyo njengeyona nto ilula, ininzi ye-ductile kunye ne-resistance element yokwakha, esetyenziswa ngumntu ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo, iluncedo.
imbali yomthi
Njengoko besilindele kwintshayelelo yethu, imbali yoluntu inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokusetyenziswa komthi.
Kuyavela ukuba iinkuni zaziyinto yokuqala yokwakha eyayifumaneka kumntu. Ngaphandle nje kokuba yayisetyenziswa njengezibaso nesixhobo sokuzingela, yayikwaluncedo olukhulu kwiphulo lookhokho bethu lokufumana ikhusi.
Ngoko ke le ndlwana yayinezixhaso zeplanga nophahla lwamasebe yanikela ikhusi nxamnye nemozulu. Kodwa eso yayisisiqalo nje, kwiinkulungwane kamva yayiza kusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho neenqanawa.
Ngoko yamandulo ubudlelwane bethu kunye neenkuni ukuba ubugcisa be-lamination obunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa le nto yayisaziwa ngamaYiputa ngonyaka we-3000 BC. yeC
Oku kwavela ngenxa yokungabikho kwindawo yeenkuni ezineempawu zokwakhiwa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba benze ubuchule bokubeka kunye nokufaka.
Ubugcisa bugqibelele
Ukusukela kwezo ziqalo zikude kude kube yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, obu bugcisa baseYiputa bokuyila bagcina imeko yabo yobugcisa. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba kufuna ulwazi oluphezulu malunga neenzuzo zomthi, kunye nomsebenzi ocokisekileyo wokusika kunye ne-gluing.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwavela iindlela zanamhlanje zokusika iipleyiti. Kamva, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka ezayo, olu rhwebo luya kuthatha enye i-leap ebalulekileyo kunye nokufika kwee-snags ezintsha. Kulapho siyazi ishidi leplywood, kunye neempawu ezisele nanamhla.
Eli phepha liyi-ductile kangangokuba liyakwazi ukugoba ngokulula, liyamkela phantse nayiphi na imilo, eyongeza ixabiso kwikhono lokwakha.
Ekugqibeleni, kule ngongoma sinokongeza ukuba umthi, nokuba uhlangene okanye u-laminated, wawusetyenziselwa ukwenza zombini iimoto kunye neenqwelo-moya. Kwanakwimizi-mveliso yezikhephe.
Izinto ezitsha zokulondolozwa kunye nezokuncamathelisa, abantwana bophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye nale ilandelayo iyonke, baye bakhulisa amandla. izicelo iinkuni, ukuyijika ibe yinto ehlala ixesha elide, eyomeleleyo kunye ne-ductile, esinokuyibona ngoku isenza inxalenye phantse yonke into kwindawo yethu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo yonke into, kuyafuneka ukuba kubekho okuninzi Ukwaziswa kwendalo ukuze ungacimi ngokupheleleyo olu nikezelo lwendalo.
Ubume okanye ukubunjwa kokhuni
Ukuqhubela phambili kweli nqaku, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga ne isakhiwo somthi. Umba osisiseko wokuqonda lo mba uyimfuneko.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba ukhuni lwenziwe ngeeseli ezidibana kunye kwaye zidibanise. Ziiseli ezinokubonakala kwe-tubular kunye nobude obahlukeneyo.
Ngaloo ndlela, xa usenza icandelo lomnqamlezo, ezi ndawo zilandelayo zinokubonwa:
Imitha yeMedulla kunye ne-medullary
Imele indawo esembindini, ekwayeyona indala.
Le nxalenye yokhuni yenziwe yimiphumo yokomisa kunye nokuhlaziywa. Yamkela imilo yesilinda kwi-axis yesityalo. Iqulunqwe ngeeseli ezijikelezayo ezibonisa ii-pores ezicacileyo kwii-engile zabo zebhondi.
Intliziyo
Ligama lebhotani elibhekiselele kwindawo yesiqu edibanisa inxalenye yezicubu ezinomthi, eyona ndawo inzima yokhuni.
Ifumaneka kumbindi wesiqu kunye namasebe, yenziwe ngeeseli ezifileyo, njengomaleko ongaphandle owujikelezileyo.
Ngokuchanekileyo yindawo ngokukhawuleza ukuya kumbindi womthi, owenziwe ngomthi onzima. Ihlanjwa kwezinye zezityalo ezixubeneyo, ezifana ne-tannin, ezinika umbala wayo opinki ongaqhelekanga.
Umsebenzi ophambili wale nxalenye yomthi kukubonelela isityalo ngesakhiwo esiqinileyo ukuze sikwazi ukuxhasa ubunzima besiqu kunye namahlamvu awo.
Kwakhona imvelaphi yesakhono somthi ukuba senze njengento yolwakhiwo kwizakhiwo, into edla ngokuthelekiswa nolo phawu lwentsimbi.
Sapwood
Eli gama libhekisa kweyona ndawo intsha yomthi. Ngaloo ndlela, ifumaneka kumakhonkco okugqibela okukhula kwesityalo, into eveliswa yisenzo se-vascular cambium kwisiqu somthi.
Yindawo yesiqu sesityalo esiphantsi kwe-husk, apho amakhonkco okukhula amatsha abalwa khona.
Yohluka kwi-heartwood kuba ikhaphukhaphu ngombala kwaye ithambile ngokumila. Ikwakwazi ukungena kwaye ifume ngakumbi kunommelwane wayo.
Isebenzisana nenkxaso yesakhiwo, kunye nokuhamba kwe-sap kunye nokuqokelela izinto ezigciniweyo.
cambium
Le yingubo evelisayo, efumaneka phantsi kweqokobhe elenziwe ngamathambo aneepaneli ezimxinwa kakhulu, ezikwaziyo ukutshintsha imilo ngenxa yokuphindaphinda kweeseli okulandelelanayo. Oku kwenza ubuso bangaphakathi bomthi omtsha, obuye ube ngumaleko wangaphandle we phloem.
Amaleko ale nkuni mitsha yenziwe ngamaplanga asentwasahlobo, anombala okhanyayo. Kodwa iphinda ibonise ukuthungwa okuthambileyo, ngenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wezityalo kwixesha lentwasahlobo kunye nenxalenye yehlobo.
ICortex
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-rhytidome. Ngumaleko ogubungela ngaphandle iziqu kunye neengcambu zemithi yemithi.
Emva koko, yenziwe ngamacandelo angaphantsi amathathu: i-phloem, i-phloem kunye ne-vascular cambium.
Nangona ingumaleko ongaphandle, inokumela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% yobunzima bubonke besityalo.
Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuzihlukanisa kunye nokukhuselwa kwezicubu zezityalo kwizinto ze-atmospheric.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nokusetyenziswa komthi
Le ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo, ukuba sifuna ukuqonda indlela imithi enokusetyenziswa ngayo ngendlela efanelekileyo kumsebenzi wokwakha okanye ekuveliseni imisebenzi yezandla.
Kwaye akufuneki sibhidanise ezi mpawu zomzimba nezokwakheka nezo zezamayeza, ukutya, zokuhombisa okanye ezinye imvelaphi ezininzi. Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, kwiimeko esiza kujongana nazo ngezantsi, siya kukhankanya iipropati ezixhalabisayo, ngakumbi, imboni yokwakha.
Malunga nale nto kuyimfuneko ukuba uyazi ukuba iimpawu zokhuni ziya kuhlala zingumsebenzi wenkqubela phambili, ixesha elide kunye nomswakama, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba apho zifumaneka khona kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zelogi.
Kodwa makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibonakalayo zokhuni.
anisotropy
Qaphela ukuba iipropati ezibonakalayo zomthi azihlali zifana kuzo zonke iindlela kwi-vertex enikiweyo. Ngale ndlela sinokuthi sichaze imikhombandlela emithathu esisiseko apho ezi zakhiwo zinokuchazwa kwaye zilinganiswe, ezizezi:
- yezihlunu: Yenzeka ngokunxuseneyo necala lokukhula kwesityalo, ekwaziwa ngokuba licala lefiber.
- Umhlanga: Oku kuqhuba i-perpendicular kwi-axial, ukusika i-axis ye-trunk.
- Tangential: Inokuthi yenzeke ngohlobo lwesibini sangaphambili.
Ukufuma
Ekubeni umthi uneemeko ze-hygroscopic, unokufunxa okanye ukhuphe ukufuma, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.
Amanzi akhutshiweyo abaleka ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elithile. Kodwa kusekho inxalenye - kunye namanzi omgaqo-siseko. La manzi ahluthayo, ahambelana nomswakama wokusingqongileyo ojikeleze umthi, de kube umlinganiselo ufikeleleke.
Malunga nokuba ungathini ukuba iinkuni zomile kwindawo evulekileyo.
Kuya kufuneka wazi nokuba ukufuma kwesi siqalelo sendalo kunokwahluka kwiiparamitha ezibanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, iinkuni ezisandula ukuchetywa zinokufuma okunokuba phakathi kwama-50 ukuya kuma-60%.
Oku kubalulekile, ngenxa yokuba ukuhlukahluka komswakama kuvumela ukuba iinkuni zandise okanye zivumelane, ngaloo ndlela zitshintshe umthamo kunye nobuninzi.
uluhlu loxinzelelo
Umthamo wokhuni udla ngokutshintsha njengoko amanqanaba okufuma kwawo ahluka, okuvelisa, njengoko sele sitshilo, ukukhutshwa kunye nokunciphisa, oku kuthetha iqondo lokukhubazeka.
Masikhumbule ukuba ukhuni luyinto ephazamisayo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhlukahluka komswakama kwicala lemicu kuphantse kungabonakali. Nangona oku kutshintsha kwingqiqo enqamlezileyo.
Imfihlelo yolu tshintsho kwimilinganiselo ikwazi ukubamba amanzi kwiindonga zesakhiwo somthi, apho i-liquid iqokelela phakathi kweeseli, kunye nomphumo wokuwahlula okanye ukuwatsala.
Apho iqondo lokuhluza kolu thotho lwemithambo-luvo luhambelana nomxholo wokufuma, ngexesha iindonga zale mithambo-luvo zinemithi ziye zawafunxa onke amanzi ezinokuwafunxa. Le yeyona ngongoma yokwandiswa kweseli enkulu, ngoko ukhuni lufumana umthamo omkhulu, olingana ne-30% yokufuma.
Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, ukhuni luyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokunyusa umgangatho wamanzi agciniweyo, nangona oku kungabonakali ngokunyuka komthamo wayo, ekubeni i-liquid kule meko ithatha indawo ye-capillary kunye ne-tracheids ye-woody system. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngamanzi asimahla.
Ukongezelela, ukuguqulwa okwenzekayo ngenxa yokutshintsha komswakama wokhuni kuya kulawulwa yindawo yokuba icandelo elichaphazelekayo lihlala kwisicwangciso. Ngale ndlela inokuthi ibonakale i-deformations eyahlukileyo, i-radial kunye ne-tangential.
Ukuxinana
Ngokuphathelele le propati yomthi, sinokuthi yintoni eyaziwa ngokuba Ukuxinana kokwenyani, iyafana kuzo zonke iintlobo. Ngaloo ndlela igama eliqhelekileyo le-1,56 lingachazwa.
Ngelixa iifayile ze ukuxinana okubonakalayo iyatshintsha ngokohlobo, nangona oku kunokwenzeka nakuhlobo olufanayo. Lo mcimbi unqunywe ngumgangatho wokufuma kunye nendawo yayo kwisityalo.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo zintlukwano ngokweentlobo:
- I-Wild Pine: phakathi kwe-0.32 kunye ne-0.76Kg/dm3
- I-Black Pine: 0.38 - 0.74Kg / dm3
- I-Tea Pine Wood: 0.83 - 0.85Kg/dm3
- I-Fir: 0.32 - 0.6Kg / dm3
- I-Larch: 0.44 - 0.80Kg / dm3
- Oki: 0.71 - 1.07Kg/dm3
- Oki: 0.95 - 1.20Kg/dm3
- I-Beech: 0.60 - 0.90Kg / dm3
- I-Elm: 0.56 - 0.82 Kg / dm3
- IWalnut: 0.60 - 0.81 Kg/dm3
Ukuvala le ngongoma, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba zonke iinkuni zihlelwa ngokwazo ukuxinana okubonakalayo, ngoku Landelayo:
- iinkuni ezinzima
- UkuKhanya
- ukukhanya kakhulu
Iimpawu ezishushu zokhuni
Njengazo zonke izinto eziphathekayo, iinkuni zanda ekushiseni kwaye ziyancipha phambi kokubanda. Nangona kunjalo, into enjalo ayiqhelekanga ukubonwa ngeso lenyama, ekubeni ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuhamba kunye nokunciphisa umswakama.
Emva koko ngokunciphisa ukufuma enye ingabonakali.
Kodwa iintshukumo kwicala le-perpendicular ye-woody nerves nazo ziyenyuka. Emva koko ukutshintshwa kobushushu kuya kuhambelana nomswakama, ubunzima obuthile kunye neentlobo zesityalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo ngakumbi kuya kubhalwa xa kuqhuba kwicala lemicu, endaweni yokulandela i-perpendicular directions.
iimpawu zombane
Inkalo ebalulekileyo omele uyazi malunga nemithi kukuba xa yomile sisigqubuthelo sombane esigqwesileyo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba inqanaba lokumelana nokufuma liya kuxhomekeka kwicala, eliphantsi xa libhekiselele kwimicu. Kodwa kuya kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo zokhuni, eziphezulu kwezo zikhuni ezineoli kunye neentlaka.
Enye into ephembelela lo mahluko yi ubunzima obuthile, kuba xa inkulu, amandla okubhaliswa kweenkuni aphakama.
ukuqina komthi
Ukuqina kolu lwazi lubalulekileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunokuchazwa njengokuqina okuchasene nokunxiba kunye nokukrwela, ukubethelwa kunye nobude obude… Njengoko unokucinga, xa umdala kwaye uqinile, kokukhona uxhathiso oluchasayo.
Obu bunzima bungahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
inzima kakhulu
- Ebony
- URowan
- Umthi oki Holm
- Ewe
isiqingatha-nzima
- Oak
- Imephu
- Fresno
- Ipoplar
- Acacia
- Itsheri
- Iamangile
- i-chestnut
- Haya
- Walnut
- UAliso
- Umthi wepere
- Umthi weapile
ezithambileyo
- Abeto
- Isilumkiso
- ISauce
iilanda kakhulu
- Linden
- ipoplar emhlophe
ubunzima bomthi
Le yenye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha umthi ofanelekileyo wesakhiwo. Oku kuya kwahluka ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukufuma: Zonke iinkuni ezisandul’ ukugawulwa zinobunzima obungaphezulu kobo bebunexesha lokomisa.
- Intlaka: i-resinous wood inobunzima obuphezulu kunomnye ongenalo le khompawundi.
- ubudala bomthi: I-heartwood yezityalo ezikhulileyo ingqindilili kwaye inzima kunezityalo ezincinci.
- isantya sokukhula: Iplanga yesityalo ephuhla kancinane ihlala yomelele kwaye inzima kunelo likhula ngokukhawuleza.
- Sapwood ubukho: Oku kukhaphukhaphu kune-heartwood, ngoko ke iqhekeza elinesapwood liya kuba nobunzima obungaphantsi kweqhekeza elifanayo elenziwe nge-heartwood kuphela.
- Ukuxinana: Okukhona ukhuni oluqinileyo, inkqubo yokhuni kunye nomoya omncinci isampuli eyomileyo iya kubonisa. Ngesi sizathu, iqhekeza lecarob liya kuba nobunzima obungaphezulu kwesinye semilinganiselo efanayo, kodwa yenziwe ngamaplanga ahlukeneyo agcina izithuba ezinkulu phakathi kwemibhobho, ekubeni ezi zizaliswe ngumoya kwimithi eyomileyo. Umzekelo ongcono: inkuni ye-balsa ilula kakhulu, kuba ngaphezu kwe-90% yomthamo wayo owomileyo ngumoya.
uzinzo iinkuni
Umthi osandula ukugawulwa ulahlekelwa bumanzi ukuze ulungelelane kulo mba kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Inkqubo yokomisa emoyeni inokuthatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuxinana kweenkuni, ngaphezu kobunzima bayo, ukufuma okuqhelekileyo kokusingqongileyo kunye nesantya somoya ojikelezayo phakathi kweeplanga.
Kwimeko yeenkuni ezizinzile ngakumbi, ezifana ne-teak kunye ne-mahogany, i-shrinkage incinci ngexesha lokumisa, ngoko bagcina isimo sabo esihle. Ngelixa abo bangazinzanga kangako, phakathi kwezi ikontrakthi ye-mamey ngakumbi, ngoko ke bakholisa uku-arch kunye ne-twist, ukongeza ekuboniseni iintanda ezoyikekayo.
Ukuthintela umonakalo, amaplanga asanda kusikwa kufuneka abekwe kwipallets nakwindawo enomthunzi, apho angayi kuchaphazeleka yimvula okanye idrafti egqithisileyo.
Kwiinkuni ezingazinzanga
Kwimeko yomthi ongazinzanga, inkqubo yokomisa iyacotha, ifuna ukuba ifakwe kwimicu emincinci kwaye ikhuselwe emoyeni.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukuzinza komthi kuya kuxhomekeka ekukhuleni kwesityalo, kunye nokuma kwazo naziphi na iibhodi ngaphakathi kwelogi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba iibhodi zinqunywe kumasebe okanye ilogi ekhulile ixhomekeke, ngoko ukhuni ngapha nangapha kweziko luya kuhluka ngobuninzi. Isiganeko esinjalo siya kuvelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi okunokubangela ukugoba kunye nokuqhekeka kweebhodi.
Enye into eya kuchaphazela ukuzinza kweenkuni kukunqunyulwa okufunyenwe yibhodi. Ezi zimele zifakwe kwi-radial direction, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ezo mithi iindandatho zazo zokukhula ziboniswa nge-perpendicular kumphezulu webhodi, zizinzile ngakumbi kunezo zisikwe ngendlela edibeneyo. Kwezi meko amakhonkco angaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi angqamene nomphezulu.
ivumba lenkuni
Ezinye izigodo zikhupha ivumba elithile xa zisikiwe. Eli vumba linokwahluka ngokobukhulu kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umthi ukhule khona.
Njengombala wombala, iphunga lomthi libangelwa izinto zekhemikhali ezigcinayo, ngakumbi kwi-heartwood.
Kwabaninzi abanolwazi ngalo mbandela, umsedare ngowona ukhupha elona vumba limnandi nelihle xa usandul’ ukuvalwa. Ivumba layo liphuma kwizinto eziphambili zencindi. Oku kuye kwaduma kangangokuba kusebenza njengesiseko sezona nkampani zaziwayo zeziqholo kwihlabathi.
Abanye bade badibanise nesinamon okanye i-cloves, ukwandisa ixabiso layo elingaqhelekanga.
Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba iphunga lomsedare lisetyenziswa njenge-decongestant, xa kuvela iingxaki zeempumlo.
Ukufakwa kwe-Thermal kunye ne-acoustic
Imingxuma yomthi iphazamisa ukuhamba kobushushu kuyo. Oku kuyinika iimpawu zokugquma kwe-thermal ezingaqhelekanga.
Ukongeza, nangona umthamo wayo ongenakuphikiswa wokutsha, uyaziwa ukuba unokulibazisa ukudlula komlilo, kwimeko yemiqadi ebanzi.
Ngelixa ngokubhekiselele kwisandi, iimpawu zayo zokugquma azikho phezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo.
Iimpawu zoomatshini zokhuni
Apha izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganiswe kwindawo yokujonga ukwakhiwa. Ukufundwa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokungqongqo kuya kubangela ukuzinza okukhulu kwezakhiwo, oko kukuthi, ziya kukhuseleka ngakumbi kumntu.
amandla oxinzelelo
Kule meko, izinto ezahlukeneyo zisebenza, ezifana nomswakama, okufuneka ubekwe ngaphantsi kwezinga lokuzalisa imicu, eyi-30%.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amandla oxinzelelo aya kuba phezulu xa inqanaba lokufuma lehla. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kuloo 30% ukuxhathisa kuba rhoqo.
Ikwaphembelela isikhokelo somzamo. Ukuchasana okuphezulu kuya kuhambelana nomgudu owenziwe kwicala elifanayo lemicu, kodwa eya kuncipha njengoko isuka kuloo ndlela.
Ngeli xesha, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba ukwazi ukuba ukuphuka kwi-compress kuqinisekiswa ngumgama weentsika zokhuni kunye ne-arching yazo.
Tensile Strength
Ukhuni sesinye sezona zixhobo zifanelekileyo kumsebenzi we-tensile. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizinto ezivezwe kulo mandla kuncitshiswa kuphela ubunzima bokudlulisa amandla okutsala kubo.
Ubume be-anisotropic bobu butyebi bendalo bomthi bukwanento yokwenza nobu buchule. Ngaloo ndlela ukuchasana kwinqanaba elihambelanayo kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu kune-perpendicular direction.
Ukwaphuka koxinzelelo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngesiquphe. Ngoko ke kulo mba kunokuthiwa ukhuni luyinto enqabileyo.
Amandla e-Flexural
Kunokuqinisekiswa kwakhona ukuba iinkuni azikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lokugoba, zombini kunye ne-tangentially. Nangona okufanayo akwenzeki ukuba le nzame isetyenziswe kwi-perpendicular to the fibers.
Yile ndlela i-element ephantsi koxinzelelo lokugoba ikhubaza, ivelisa ukucutha imilinganiselo yeentsinga eziphezulu, ngelixa kukho ukunyuswa kwezantsi.
Xa sifaka iprojekthi nayiphi na into yokhuni eya kubonakaliswa ukugoba, ngaphezu kokuqwalasela ukuba iyayichasa imithwalo eya kusebenza kuyo, kuya kufuneka ukuthintela ukuguqulwa okugqithisiweyo okunokuvelisa ukuchithwa kwengubo.
Kule nto kuya kukwanela ukuphakamisa umda okanye ubude beqhekeza, okwandisa ukuqina.
Iindidi zeenkuni
Ukugqiba, siza kubona indlela imithi ehlanganiswe ngayo ngokohlelo olunikwe ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomthi:
iinkuni ezinentlaka
- Pine
- Abeto
- Isilumkiso
- ICypress
- Umsedare
iinkuni ezinzima
- Oak
- Umthi oki Holm
- Haya
- Elm
- i-chestnut
- UAliso
- Fresno
- Acacia
- ipoplar
- ISauce
- I-Eucalyptus
- Imithi yeziqhamo
- Walnut
- Itsheri
- Olivo
Amahlathi aseTropiki okanye aseAfrika
- Mahogany
- Ebony
- Sapele
- Teak
- embero
- iroko