Ewe uyazazi iindlovu, ezo zilwanyana zikhulu, zintle kwaye zinobubele onokuthi wazibona kumyezo wezilwanyana, kwisekisi okanye kumabonwakude, kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ziinjineli zokwenyani kwaye zinceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ukuba babelane nezinye iintlobo. Siyakumema ukuba ufunde eli nqaku ukuze ufumane izinto ezininzi ezingakumbi.
Iindlovu
Sesona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu emhlabeni kuwo onke amazwekazi. Kodwa iindlovu zizalelwa e-Afrika nase-Asiya, nangona zifumene intsingiselo efanelekileyo yenkcubeko kunye nomfuziselo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkcubeko zethu kangangokuba usuku olukhethekileyo lonyaka lude lwatyunjwa njengoSuku lweeNdlovu zeHlabathi kwaye ngumhla we-12 ku-Agasti. Igqalwa njengesilwanyana esikhulu, esinomboko waso omkhulu neendlebe, iimpawu eziyenza ibe sesinye sezona zilwanyana zintle ezikhoyo. Kambe ke, amazinyo azo yenye into ezenza zibe ngaqhelekanga, kodwa zikwabekek’ ityala ngokuba zizilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela.
Uphondo lwendlovu oluvela kumabamba endlovu lunqweneleka kakhulu, kangangokuba kukho urhwebo olupheleleyo kwimarike emnyama olubonelelwa ngabazingeli abaphula imithetho ekhusela iindlovu kwaye bazibulale ukuze basuse loo mabamba kwaye baqokelele iimali ezinkulu ezihlawulelwayo. bona.
Umvelaphi
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iindlovu ziyinzala yamandulo kwaye ngoku ezingasekhoyo mammoths kunye mastodons, ezaye zohlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini iindlovu, leyo Asian kunye Afrika. Bakwiklasi ye-mammalia, i-proboscidean order enegama lesayensi elithi Elephantidae, elikwaziyo ukunxibelelana kunye nobukrelekrele obutsala ingqalelo enkulu kwizazinzulu.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu kunye nobunzima bazo, iindlovu ziyakwazi ukubaleka ngesantya seekhilomitha ezingama-50 ngeyure, nto leyo ezenza zibe sisilwanyana esikhawulezayo nesiyingozi kakhulu. Ithole lendlovu linobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-100, kwaye liya kuphinda kabini obo bunzima kwiveki ezimbini ubudala. Xa sele ekhulile, anokuba nobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezi-5 yaye xa ekhule ngokupheleleyo, anobunzima obuphakathi kwe-7 ne-8 yeetoni.
Igama lendlovu livela kwiingcambu zeGreco-Latin, inkcubeko apho yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yindlovu, ngokoqobo ithetha ixhama okanye irhamncwa elikhulu, elichaza ngokupheleleyo esi silwanyana. Igama lakhe langoku ngokwahlukeneyo linentsingiselo yalo, kuba i-ele kunye ne-fante ngamagama amakhulu abhekisela kumazinyo akhe amakhulu.
Ngokuvela kwi-mammoths, iindlovu ziye zalahlekelwa phantse zonke iinwele zazo kwaye oku kungenxa yohlengahlengiso lwendalo, ngenxa yemozulu yeendawo apho zaqala khona ukuhlala. Ubude bokuphila kweendlovu endle buphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 nama-70, kodwa ekuthinjweni ubomi bazo buyanda ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye eli-10 ngaphezulu.
Ukutya
Iindlovu zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, ngoko ke ukutya kwazo kwenziwa zizo zonke iintlobo zezityalo kunye neziqhamo, ukuze ukutya kwazo kwemihla ngemihla kubandakanya ukutya amayeza, izityalo, amatyholo, amaxolo omthi kunye neziqhamo. Ukutya kwemihla ngemihla kwendlovu kujikeleze i-300 kilos yokutya. Indawo ehlala kuyo kakhulu ngamahlathi anamagqabi apho kukho namanzi amaninzi.
Kuqhelekile ukuba xa indlovu ifumene iziqhamo ezithandayo emthini ize ingakwazi ukufikelela kuzo ngomboko wayo, iqhubele phambili iwuphosa phantsi loo mthi ukuze izithabathe. Ngosuku lwayo oluqhelekileyo, indlovu iya kuzinikela iiyure ezili-16 kuphela ekutyeni, kwaye umzimba wayo wondla kuphela kwi-50% yento ekutyayo. Xa indlovu isela amanzi kukutya iilitha ezili-15 zamanzi ngexesha elinye.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Ukuze zikwazi ukuzala, iindlovu ziqalisa isiko ngokushukuma okungahleliwe kweendlebe zazo ukuze zitsale ingqalelo yeemazi. Ukuba imazi iyatsaleleka, iya kusondela kwinkunzi kwaye ziya kuqalisa ukuhlikihla imizimba yazo kunye nokuphotha imiboko yazo. Ukuba imazi iyayamkela, ngaphambi kokuba idityaniswe, iya kucela umngeni kwindoda kugqatso oluncinci apho indoda kufuneka ifikelele kuyo kwaye ukuba iyaphumelela, baya kuqhubekeka.
Kwimeko yamabhinqa, ukukhula ngokwesini kufikeleleka phakathi kweminyaka eli-14 neli-16 ubudala. Iinkunzi zihlala zilinda de zibe neminyaka engama-50 ubudala ukuze zihlangane okokuqala kuba ngaphambi koko aziyi kulungiswa kwaye zinokonakala kwaye zonzakele.
Ixesha lokumitha kweendlovu ziinyanga ezingama-22, kwaye xa amathole ezelwe, anokutya ukuya kutsho kwiilitha ezili-10 zobisi lwebele ngosuku. Abaselula bazalwa bengaboni yaye naxa bebona, badla ngokuhlala noonina ixesha elide.
Ukuziphatha kweendlovu
Zizizilwanyana ezithanda ukuhlalisana kwaye ziyakunandipha ukuhamba ngokwemihlambi, ingakumbi kwiimazi namantshontsho azo, athanda ukushukuma ngokwahlukileyo kwiinkunzi. Umhlambi weemazi wenza i-matriarchal society, kwaye kuye kwangqinwa ukuba zizilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukubuza into eziyifunayo kwaye zibonise iimvakalelo.
Iindlovu zaseAfrika zezona zikrelekrele, kucingelwa ukuba isizathu kukuba zinengqondo enkulu. Kwimeko yeendlovu zaseAsia, kuye kwangqinwa ukuba xa ufumanisa ukuba umntu othile uza kufa, zihamba nayo de iyofa ibe ziyakwazi ukuzilela ukufa kwayo. Enye into enomdla malunga neendlovu zase-Asiya kukuba ngexesha lobomi babo babandezeleka kwixesha lokungabikho kolawulo lwemizimba yabo phakathi kweentsuku ze-25 kunye ne-40, apho ziba yingozi kakhulu, eziye zafumana igama le- must.
Iinyaniso ezimangalisayo malunga neendlovu
Kweli candelo lenqaku sifumanise ukuba kulula ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekileyo enxulumene neendlovu:
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweendlovu zaseAsia kunye nezaseAfrika?
Sinokufumana malunga nezinto ezingaphaya kweshumi zezinto ezibonakalayo ezahlula iindlovu zaseAsia kwezi zaseAfrika. Ngaloo ndlela, iindlovu zaseAsia zincinci kuneendlovu zaseAfrika kwaye iindlebe zazo zithe tye ezantsi, xa kuthelekiswa neendlebe ezinkulu ezimile njengefeni yeentlobo zaseAfrika.
Kuphela ziinkunzi zeendlovu zaseAsia ezinamabamba, ngelixa iindlovu zase-Afrika eziyinkunzi nemazi zinamabamba. Ukongezelela, kuyafaneleka ukubonisa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlovu kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, indlovu ye-savannah kunye nendlovu yehlathi, kunye noluhlu lweempawu ezenza ukuba zihluke.
Zingaphi izihlunu ezinomboko wendlovu?
Umboko wendlovu unezihlunu ezimalunga nama-40,000. Umntu, umzekelo, unemisipha engaphezu kwama-600 kuwo wonke umzimba wakhe. Iindlovu zisebenzisa imiboko yazo ukufunxa nokusela amanzi, ukuchola izinto, ukwenza izandi ezilumkisayo, nokubulisana.
Ngaba iindlovu zinebamba elikhulu?
Iindlovu zifunyenwe zisandla sokunene okanye ekhohlo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamabamba azo. Yiyo loo nto ibamba abalisebenzisayo lelona balisebenzisa rhoqo kwaye lidla ngokuba lelona lincinci.
Iindlovu ziwasebenzisa njani amabamba azo?
Amabamba endlovu angasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi. La mazinyo abonakala ebaxiweyo angaphandle anokusetyenziswa ukugada umboko wendlovu, ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa izinto, ukuqokelela ukutya, nokususa amaxolo emithini. Enye into abayisebenzisayo njengendlela yokuzikhusela. Ngamaxesha embalela, iindlovu zinokusebenzisa amabamba azo ukugrumba imingxuma kwaye zifumane amanzi phantsi komhlaba.
Iifangs, ngaba zinokuphinda zikhule?
Amabamba endlovu ngokwenene ngamazinyo aphuma emlonyeni. Ziqhagamshelwe kukhakhayi kwaye zineziphelo zemithambo-luvo, njengamazinyo ethu. Kwimeko apho ibamba lophukile, lonakaliswe okanye lisusiwe, lihlala linjalo, alinakuphinda likhule.
Iindlovu zizala kangaphi?
Iindlovu zezona zinexesha elide lokumitha kunaso nasiphi na esinye isilwanyana esanyisayo kwaye oko ziinyanga ezingama-22. Iimazi ziba namantshontsho azo qho emva kweminyaka emine okanye emihlanu. Imihlambi yeendlovu inezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo zentlalo ezilawulwa yi-matriarchs, kwaye zenziwe ngamaqela eemazi ezindala kunye namathole, ngokuchaseneyo, iindlovu zamadoda zihlala zihlala zodwa okanye ngamaqela amancinci angatshatanga.
Iindlovu ziyinceda njani inkqubo yendalo ezihlala kuyo ichume?
Iindlovu ziinjineli ezibalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim. Basetyenziselwa ukwenza iindlela ezinqumla amahlathi ashinyeneyo abahlala kuzo, kube lula ukuhamba kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Iindidi ezininzi zemithi kumahlathi akumbindi weAfrika naseAsia zifuna ukuba imbewu idlule kumjelo wokwetyisa wendlovu ngaphambi kokuba intshule.
Kwaye ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, umkhondo wendlovu, xa uzaliswe ngamanzi, unokuququzelela uphuhliso lwe-micro-ecosystem, ibe likhaya le-tadpoles kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ubanceda njani abantu kunye neendlovu zihlalisane ngoxolo?
Ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo, iindlovu kunye nabantu baye banyanzeleka ukuba badibane, ngokufuthi nemiphumo ebuhlungu. Imisebenzi emayiphunyezwe yileyo inceda ekuthinteleni nasekunciphiseni ungquzulwano olunokubakho phakathi kwabantu neendlovu.
Ngale njongo, kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezizama ukutyhafisa iindlovu ekusondeleni kwizityalo, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingcono zolimo kunye nokudala iipaseji zezilwanyana zasendle ukuze kube lula ukufuduka kweendlovu ngamaxesha onyaka.
Sesiphi esona sisongelo sikhulu iindlovu ezijongene nazo?
Namhlanje, esona sisongelo siphambili kwiindlovu zaseAfrika kukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo ephembelela ukurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni kweempondo zendlovu. Kwimeko yeendlovu zaseAsia, esona sisongelo kuzo kukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala kunye nongquzulwano olubangelwa koku phakathi kwabantu neendlovu.
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi malunga nokuthengiswa kwezilwanyana zasendle ngokungekho mthethweni, amava kwimigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye namaphulo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noluntu kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili ukwenzela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka ikhusele iindlovu kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala.
Ukuba ukuthandile oku kufunda, sicebisa ukuba ufunde: