I-Iberian Lynx esemngciphekweni wokuphela, yenye yezona zilwanyana zisemngciphekweni wezilwanyana kwihlabathi ngenxa yokuba bambalwa abantu abasindayo e-Andalusia, abalelwe kuphela kwindawo yePaki yeSizwe yaseDoñana, iSierra de Cazorla kunye iSierra de Andújar, kunye neMontes de Toledo yaseCastilla la Mancha. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ilynx yaseIberia
Olu hlobo luthathwa njengezilwanyana ezisengozini ukususela ngo-1986, zibhengezwa njengeZiko lokuBeka iliso le-IUCN. Ngokukwanjalo, iSpeyin yabhengezwa njengesilwanyana esisengozini yokuphela ngoAprili 5, 1990, kunye nenye inkazana esengozini yokuphela, ingwe ekhephu, ngelishwa ibonakala ithwaxwa yiLynx yaseIberia.
Injani iIberian Lynx?
I-Iberian Lynx esengozini yokuphela luhlobo olunendawo yayo yokuhlala emazantsi eSpain, iyinxalenye yentsapho yeefeline, kodwa ibonakaliswe ngokuba nenkangeleko eyomeleleyo neyomeleleyo, nangona iselula kakhulu ukufezekisa iintshukumo zayo. nizingele amaxhoba okudla kwawo. Kwezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo esinaso esi silwanyana sihle, sinokukhankanya oku kulandelayo:
- Sisilwanyana esinemilenze emide esinceda ukuba sithathe isantya esiphezulu.
- Ineendlebe ezitsolo ezinoboya obuqinileyo, obumnyama. Umbala woboya emzimbeni wayo uyahluka, kuba unokufumana iisampuli ezinombala omdaka kodwa zineethoni ezingwevu. Ukongeza, umsila wayo omfutshane udla ngokuphela nge tassel emnyama ekugqibeleni.
- I-Iberian Lynx esengozini yokuphela sisilwanyana esitya inyama kwaye ukutya kwaso kwenziwa ikakhulu yimivundla.
- Iinkunzi ze-Iberian Lynx ngokuqhelekileyo zinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-12, ngelixa iimazi zingadluli kwi-10 kilos. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kunokuthiwa i-Lynx yase-Iberia esengozini yokutshatyalaliswa yiyona nto incinci kwaye ilula kakhulu kwi-lynx emhlabeni.
Iingcali zibonisa ukuba i-Iberian Lynx sisilwanyana esinobuchule kunye nobuqili, kuba xa ichonga ixhoba, liyakwazi ukusondela ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye likwazi ukulibamba ngokukhawuleza ngokutsiba. Ukongeza, i-Iberian Lynx sisilwanyana esiyinxalenye yeqela lezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngoko ke, esi sesinye sezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezisesichengeni sokubhanga okunokwenzeka. Ngaphakathi kolu didi siza kufumana kuquka ibhere emdaka, indlovu Asia, okanye igorila entabeni.
Iphila njani i-Iberian Lynx?
Luhlobo namhlanje oluhlala kuphela kwiPaki yeSizwe yaseDoñana, eAndalusia, nangona kumaxesha angaphambili, yayinokubonwa ngokuhlala kwimimandla yeMeditera neGalicia. Olu luhlobo olukhetha ukuhlala kwiindawo apho kukho imifuno emininzi kunye nezihlahla, ngakumbi ukuba zinemithi ye-strawberry okanye imithi ye-mastic, kunye nemithi enokukhetha kuyo, njenge-holm oak okanye i-oki ye-cork.
Injani imikhwa yakho yobomi?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, sisilwanyana esihlala sodwa, ngaphandle kwaxa ixesha lokukhwelana kunye nexesha lokukhwela lisondela, amaxesha apho kuya kuhlala kubonwa ukuba kunye neqabane layo. Ixesha lokukhwelana kwezi zilwanyana kweyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu ebusika eSpain, kuba ifumaneka phakathi kweenyanga zikaJanuwari noFebruwari kunyaka ngamnye.
Yintoni eyenziwa ngamaqela eelynx zase-Iberia kukwemba imingxuma yazo kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo, ingakumbi ukuba zineentshinyela neziqu zemithi, phakathi kwamanye amatyholo, nto leyo eya kuzivumela ukuba zikhuselwe kangangoko kuzo zonke iintlobo zezoyikiso.
Itshintsha imingxuma rhoqo
Ngokwenene oku kukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwesilwanyana kwaye kukuba i-Iberian Lynx esengozini yokuphela iqwalasela ukuba kukho iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezo zifunyenwe phantsi kwentaba, ezisetyenziselwa ukuphumla, ngelixa kukho ezinye iindawo apho kukho indawo enkulu. ubungakanani bamaxhoba.
Bahlala bebodwa kunye nommandla
I-Iberian Lynx esemngciphekweni ichitha ixesha elininzi lokuphumla, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu obukhoyo kuluntu oluZimeleyo ehlotyeni nasentwasahlobo. Ukutya kwayo kuqulathe imivundla, kodwa ayinayo ingxaki yokutyisa iipartridges kunye neempuku.
Ngexesha lasebusika, iilynx zizidalwa ezinokuhlala zisebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha lonyaka sinokubona ukuba ziya kuhlala zingasebenzi, ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu. Ukongezelela, ezi zilwanyana zinemikhwa yasebusuku, endaweni yokuba zisebenze emini. Isilwanyana esifana ne-Iberian Lynx siyakwazi ukufikelela ekukhuleni ngokwesondo emva konyaka kunye nesiqingatha sobomi kwaye sinobude bokuphila obuphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-15 iminyaka.
Ithini inqanaba lakho lengozi yokuphela?
Okwangoku, inani leelynx zaseIberia kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia liphantsi kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukukwazi ukuqikelela inani elichanekileyo labantu abakhoyo, kuba i-2015 ibingunyaka wokugqibela apho kukho ukwanda kwabemi, ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi yokubuyisela yaqhutywa kwaye ngenxa yezinye iinkqubo ezizodwa. .ukuze igcinwe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyXzcdZhsfs
Ibe yehla njani inani labantu base-Iberian Lynx?
- Ngonyaka we-1960: malunga ne-3.000 ye-lynx yase-Iberia yabalwa kwiPeninsula.
- Ekuqaleni kuka-2000: Inani leelynx zase-Iberia lehla laya kutsho kubantu abangama-400.
- Unyaka wama-2002: iikopi zazingaphantsi kwama-200.
- Ngo-Matshi 2005: uphononongo luveze ukuba iilynx zase-Iberia azidlulanga kubantu abali-100.
Ezi zifundo zenziwa ngokuhlalutywa kwe-lynx foci ezimbini kuphela ezaziwa zizazinzulu ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, ezaziyiDoñana kunye neSierra de Andújar, eJaén. Kodwa ngo-2007 baphunyezwa ngokumangalisayo kweesampuli ezili-15 eCastilla-La Mancha. Kwi-2013, ubukho beqela elincinci le-lynx zase-Iberia kwiphondo laseCáceres liqinisekisiwe. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ngexesha le-2008 kwaqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-99 kunye ne-158 i-lynx yabantu abadala bahlala kwi-Peninsula, ngokuqwalasela zonke iifoci ezifunyenweyo. Okwangoku, kuye kwenzeka ukubala ukuba kukho malunga ne-400 ye-lynx yase-Iberia kwi-Peninsula, esekho inani eliphantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-Iberian Lynx iye yahlelwa njengesengozini enkulu.
Ziziphi izoyikiso ze-Iberian Lynx?
Njengoko iludidi olucacileyo olusemngciphekweni wokuphela, izoyikiso ezininzi ekufuneka ijamelane nazo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo, sinokugxininisa oku kulandelayo:
- isenzo somntu.
- Ukuncipha kwenani lemivundla.
- Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala
isenzo somntu
Esona sisongelo sithathwa njengesona sibi kukufa kwemizekelo eyimveliso yemisebenzi yabantu, njengokugilwa zizithuthi, ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, ityhefu engekho mthethweni okanye ukufakwa kwemigibe ejoliswe kwezinye izilwanyana, phakathi kwezinye. Endleleni ekwaziyo ukudibanisa idolophu yaseHuelva yaseMatalascañas kunye nezinye iidolophu, yenye yeendawo apho inani elikhulu leelynx lifa minyaka le ngenxa yokuqhutywa.
Ngokwenyani, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga neelynx ezine kwalishumi ezifa kule ndawo xa zizama ukuwela indlela, kungoko ukuze kuthintelwe oku kufa, kucetyiswe ukuba kufakwe i-ecoducts, ezipaseji zezilwanyana zasendle ezidlula ezindleleni. zibe nezityalo kwaye iindawo zazo zokuhlala zinokudityaniswa.
Ukunciphisa inani lemivundla
Ukuncipha kwemivundla, eyenza i-90% yokutya kwabo, kwaye isizathu sinokuba ngenxa yezifo okanye ukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-stratum ye-herbaceous, oku kuthetha ukuba i-lynx yase-Iberia ayinayo indlela yokutya kwaye ayiphili.
Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala
Enye ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu ngumba wezinto eziphazamisayo eziye zatshabalalisa inani leendawo zamahlathi, kunye nokungonelanga ngokutsha kwamahlathi okanye ukwakhiwa kweedolophu okuye kwaphawulwa kwimimandla yasemaphandleni kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Zonke ezi ngxaki zibangela ukuba i-Iberian Lynx iqhubeke iphulukana nendawo yayo yokuhlala yendalo.
Uzama njani ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwe-Iberian Lynx?
Kukho izindululo ezininzi eziye zabekwa ukuze kwandiswe inani labantu base-Iberian Lynx eSpain. Ezinye zezona zaziwa kakhulu zezi:
Ukuzalisa okuBanjiweyo
Ukwakhiwa kwee-ecoducts, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziibhulorho eziluhlaza, abanokuthi ngazo baphephe ukugityiselwa ezindleleni. Eli lelinye lamanyathelo anokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufa, ekubeni izilwanyana ziya kukwazi ukuwela iindlela kwaye zihamba ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kwenye ngokusebenzisa ibhulorho enohlaza ephezu kweendlela.
Enye inkalo emele ithathelwe ingqalelo yinkqubo yokuzalanisa ekuthinjweni, eqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezinto zemfuza zolo hlobo. Kule nto, into efunekayo linani lezilwanyana ezifuywayo ezihlala ekuthinjweni, zidibene ukuze zibe nenzala kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha kuya kwenzeka ukuba zibuyiselwe kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Ngoku, inkqubo yokuzala iqhutyelwa kwiZiko lokuZalela i-Acebuche, elikwiDoñana National Park nakwiJerez de la Frontera Zoobotanical, eCádiz. Ezi ndawo zisetyenziselwa ukugcina imizekelo kwindawo yodwa, ukuxhasa amantshontsho okanye ukuhlalisa iilynx ezincinci okanye ezindala.
La ngamaphulo abazama ngawo ukusindisa le ntlobo yezilwanyana ezisengozini kakhulu, kuzo zonke iinyamakazi zehlabathi kwaye sinethemba lokuba amanyathelo amaninzi afanayo aya kukhuthazwa, kuba ukuba ezi ntlobo zeenkqubo aziqhutywa, kwaye ukuba Yonke into iyaqhubeka njengoko ngaphambili, i-Iberian Lynx esengozini yokuphela inokunyamalala ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba uwuthandile umxholo weli nqaku, mhlawumbi uyafuna nokufunda: