Ibhayibhile ithathwa njengencwadi yezibhalo ezingcwele ngaphakathi kwinkolo yobuKrestu, ithathwa njengencwadi eneemfundiso zikaThixo zabantu, masazise ngeeNcwadi zeMbali yeBhayibhile nokuba zininzi kangakanani na.
Iincwadi Zembali zeBhayibhile
Okokuqala, simele sibalaselise ukubaluleka kweBhayibhile, engqinelanayo neqela leencwadi ezigqalwa njengephefumlelwe nguThixo, ezamkelwa yiCawa yamaKatolika, kodwa ibalasele ngokuyintloko ngokuba yincwadi enegama elathi lazaliseka. iphefumlelwe nguThixo ukuba ityhilwe kuwo onke amakholwa athembekileyo. Ngokubanzi, yaziwa njengethala leencwadi likaThixo, apho unokufikelela kulwazi lwegama.
Ibhayibhile ithathwa njengengqokelela yemibhalo eyahluka-hlukeneyo okanye iincwadi phakathi kweemfundiso, izithethe, imithetho, imizekeliso kodwa ikakhulu ibalaselisa kule meko ezembali, ngembali zonke iziganeko ezinxulumene nemvelaphi yabantu zinokuchazwa. IsiHebhere, sithetha ngalo lonke ixesha iinkcukacha ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphathelele ixa elidluleyo labantu bakwaSirayeli.
Ibethelela ngalo lonke ixesha ukuba iziganeko ezichazwe kwiincwadi zembali zeBhayibhile zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo nabantu abanyulwe nguThixo, abantu abangamaYuda (uSirayeli). Apho izibakala ezifana nemvelaphi yoluntu, umkhombe kaNowa, iziganeko zobomi buka-Abraham, ubukhoboka babantu bakwaSirayeli eYiputa, amabali kaKumkani uDavide, imvukelo yabantu bakwaSirayeli, phakathi kwezinye, zigqama.
Inkoliso yemibhalo ephathelele iincwadi zembali inokufumaneka kwitestamente endala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yipentatiki, ngokuyintloko ibe ziincwadi ezintlanu iGenesis, iEksodus, iLevitikus, iNumeri neDuteronomi; Iincwadi zobulumko eziyilwe zezinye iincwadi zembali kodwa eziphenjelelwa ziincwadi zemibongo okanye zobulumko nazo zinokubalaseliswa. Ngokwesiqhelo amaxesha abaliswayo angqamana neenkulungwane ezilishumi elinanye phakathi ko 1240 BC ukuya kutsho ku 173 BC.
Isiqulatho ngokubanzi seeNcwadi zeMbali
Iincwadi zembali zigxininise ekuqaqambiseni iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichazwe eBhayibhileni, zibonakalisa ngalo lonke ixesha ezabhalwa ngalo, zibalaselisa iindidi ngeendidi zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kwanomongo wobuthixo owawungqonge abantu ngelo xesha. Ukubalisa ngawo onke amaxesha ngembali yabantu bakwaSirayeli, okubi ngakumbi ngezizwe ezingabamelwane kwaye nokugxininisa uluntu.
Iincwadi zembali zinembopheleleko yokubonisa iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazibandakanya abantu abanyulwa nguThixo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, zibalaselisa ukuqala kwayo xa kwavela ubizo oluya kusolusapho uAbraham lwaza lwafudukela kwilizwe elalithenjiswe nguThixo lenzala yakhe, kuquka nexesha lomzabalazo. kunye nobukhoboka babantu bakwaSirayeli ukuze bangene kwilizwe ledinga kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo obukumkani kwilizwe lamaYuda kunye nohlaselo lwezizwe ezinjengeBhabheli neAsiriya.
Ziziphi iincwadi zembali zeBhayibhile?
IBhayibhile yenziwe ziincwadi ezingama-39 xa zizonke, zahlulahlulwe zazimbini, iTestamente Endala (ngaphambi kukaKristu) kunye neTestamente eNtsha (emva kukaKristu). Ekubeni zibalaseliswa ubukhulu becala kwiTestamente Endala zonke iincwadi zembali ezibaliswa eBhayibhileni, ezitolikwa ngokwemigaqo eyahlukahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kutyekelo lonqulo, kwaziwa kakuhle ukuba kukho iinkolo ezahlukahlukeneyo eziyisebenzisayo njengencwadi engcwele ephefumlelwe nguThixo. Ngesi sizathu, zizonke iincwadi zembali ezilishumi elinambini ziyaqwalaselwa, ezibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiTestamente eNdala.
Iincwadi ezilishumi elinesibini ezichazwa njengezembali eBhayibhileni, zibalaselisa ukwahlulwa kwazo kubuKristu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uYoshuwa (Yos), ABagwebi (Jue), uRute (Rt), eyoku-1 kaSamuweli (1 Sm), eyesi-2 kaSamuweli (2 Sm), eyoku-1 yooKumkani (1 Sam. 2 Re), eyesi-2 yooKumkani (1 Re), eyoku-1 yeziKronike (2 yeziKronike), eyesi-2 yeziKronike (XNUMX yeziKronike), uEzra (Ezd), uNehemiya (Neh) noEstere (Est). Kucingelwa ukuba ekuqaleni ezi ncwadi zazibhalwe ngolwimi lwesiHebhere nakwezinye iimeko ngesiAramiki njengoko kwakunjalo kwincwadi kaEzra. Kwezinye iimeko, iincwadi zePentatiki zibandakanyiwe njengeencwadi zembali kuba zibonisa isiqalo sobuntu, kodwa ubukhulu becala ezi zilishumi elinambini zichazwe ngasentla ziyagqama.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iCawa yamaKatolika iye yakhetha iincwadi ezingaphefumlelwanga okanye ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziincwadi zevangeli ezingaphefumlelwanga, iyahambelana neseti yemibhalo ebhaliweyo evunyiweyo emva kweevangeli zamaKristu, kwezinye iimeko zijongwa njengeevangeli ezifihlakeleyo kuba umxholo wazo ubhekiswa kuzo. Njengangaphandle kweencwadi eziphefumlelweyo, ezibekwe phambi kokuba iincwadi zeVangeli zichazwe ekuqaleni kwiTestamente Entsha, ezine kwezi ncwadi zigqalwa njengembali njengoTobias, uJudith, Maccabees 1 noMaccabees 2.
Imixholo yeeNcwadi zeMbali yeBhayibhile
Sazise apha ngezantsi komxholo oboniswe kwincwadi nganye yembali ebizwa ngokuba yiTestamente eNdala yeBhayibhile:
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UYoshuwa (Yosh)
Iyahambelana nencwadi yokuqala ebaliswayo ngeziganeko zembali zabantu bakwaSirayeli ekoyiseni ilizwe ledinga emva kokufa kukaMoses, ithathwa njengencwadi yesithandathu yomnqophiso omdala, kule ncwadi unokuyibona ngeso lengqondo ukungena kwabantu uSirayeli elizweni lakwaKanan kodwa ekhokelwa nguYoshuwa; ebonisa iseti yeziganeko ezinjengokuhambela phambili kwabantu ngakuMlambo iYordan, ungquzulwano olwahlukahlukeneyo olwangeniswa lilizwe elinjengokuwa kweendonga zaseYeriko okanye amadabi eAyi; Emva kokuba umhlaba woyisiwe, ulwabiwo lwaqhutywa ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kwizizwe ezilishumi elinesibini.
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Abagwebi (NgoLwesine)
Kwimeko yencwadi yaBagwebi, iqalisa ukuchaza ukususela kwixesha lokufa kukaYoshuwa, emva koko kuthiwe thaca iqela labagwebi okanye abakwabizwa ngokuba ngabasindisi abaphakamayo ukuze bakhulule abantu bakwaSirayeli. Ngeli xesha kuyabonakala ukuba abantu bakwaSirayeli babengalungelelananga ngokupheleleyo kwaye besoloko besongelwa zizizwe ezingabamelwane ukuba zibahlasele.
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U-Ruth (Rt)
Ingqinelana nebali elisekelwe kubafazi ababini uRute noninazala uNahomi, bobabini abahlolokazi, apho babuyela kwilizwe likaNahomi (kwaSirayeli) emva kokufa kwabantwana bakhe yaye bakufika kwilizwe likaThixo baqalisa ukuphila ngokwahlukileyo. iziganeko ezitshintsha ubomi babo bobabini ukuba basikelelwe nguThixo. Ixesha ligqalwa njengelimalunga nasemva kokuthinjelwa eBhabhiloni okanye emva kokubekwa etroneni kukaKumkani uDavide.
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Eyoku-1 kaSamuweli (1 kaSamuweli) neyesi-2 kaSamuweli (2 kaSamuweli)
Ngencwadi kaSamuweli, yonke into eyenzeka kumprofeti wabantu owaziwa ngokuba nguSamuweli ingabonakaliswa, ngexesha lembali yakhe ukubekwa esihlalweni kokumkani wokuqala wakwaSirayeli uSawule kuyabaliswa kodwa ngenxa yokuba emkile kuThixo ekuhambeni kweminyaka, ukumkani omtsha okhethwe kakhulu embalini njengoKumkani uDavide wayethathwa njengokumkani ngokwentliziyo kaThixo. Ebalaselisa ngawo onke amaxesha ukusebenza kukaSamuweli ngexesha lokumiselwa kwabagwebi nookumkani ebantwini bakwaSirayeli.
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Eyoku-1 yooKumkani (1 yooKumkani) neyesi-2 yooKumkani (2 yooKumkani)
Umnombo kaKumkani uDavide unyukela etroneni kwaye umisela ulawulo ugxininisiwe, ngokuthe ngqo iqala ngokuvela kukaKumkani uSolomon (unyana kaDavide), emva koko yonke inzala iyajongwa kwaye ibonisa iinkcukacha zolawulo lwabo kwaye ngokukodwa ukuba bahlala noThixo. entliziyweni yakhe, ezi zinto zigcinwa de kube kukwahlulwa koonyana bakaSirayeli nakwaYuda. Ngokukwanjalo, ookumkani abaphuma kuzo zozibini zolawulo lwesizwe babalasele.
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Eyoku-1 yeziKronike (1 yeziKronike) neyesi-2 yeziKronike (2 yeziKronike)
Ngeencwadi zembali, umfanekiso wexesha elidluleyo unokwenziwa uthatyathwe kumlibo wokuzalwa ka-Adam ukusa kuKumkani uDavide, ngale ndlela kubalaseliswa iingcambu zazo zonke izizwe zakwaSirayeli yaye ubukhulu becala zikaKumkani uDavide, kuboniswa ngalo lonke ixesha abantu abamanyeneyo de kube ngoku. baba kwidolophu enye elawulwa ngumnombo kaDavide wesizwe sakwaYuda.
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UEzra (Esd)
Ngencwadi ka-Ezra, ukubuyiselwa kwabantu bakwaSirayeli kwilizwe labo emva kokuthinjwa ababephantsi kommandla waseBhabheli kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi kwaziswa, kunye no-Ezra engumbingeleli waseYerusalem ophethe ukukhokela Ukuhlanjululwa kwamaYuda, nokubuyela kwakhe ezweni lakowabo.
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UNehemiya (Neh)
Incwadi kaNehemiya kunokuthiwa ibonakaliswe kwibali elingobomi bukaNehemiya owayengowabantu bakwaYuda, owayephila ngexesha lamaPersi kwelakwaYuda kwaye wayephantsi kolawulo luka-Atashashta 1, enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuqiniswa kwabantu baseYerusalem. yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yaye kwasekwa iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo nezobupolitika, konke oku ngoncedo lwabantu bakwaSirayeli.
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UEstere (Est)
Incwadi kaEstere igxininise ekubaliseni ibali lomfazi ongumYuda owayethinjiwe owaphela engukumkanikazi kwidolophu yasemzini, ngexesha lolawulo ababefuna ukuphumeza ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantu bamaYuda kwelo lizwe ngamaqhinga abacebisi abathile, apho uKumkanikazi UEstere ngobulumko noncedo lobuthixo, ndinokufumana uncedo nenkoliseko ebantwini ukuze ndithintele ukufa kwabo.
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UTobias
Igqalwa njengencwadi yokuqala engaphefumlelwanga engokwembali, egxininise kakhulu ekusasazeni iimfundiso ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kodwa ngokwembali nokubonisa yonke into ehlobene nokholo nokulandela uThixo ngentliziyo epheleleyo.
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Gweba
Enye yeencwadi ezingaphefumlelwanga ezamkelwa yiCawa yamaKatolika kunye notyekelo oluthile lwamaYuda, apho ibali lomhlolokazi ongumHebhere owaziwa ngokuba nguJudith, yonke imeko yembali yenzeka ngexesha lemfazwe kunye nobukumkani baseAsiriya kunye nokuthinjwa kokumkani uManase kunye nokunceda. abantu bakwaSirayeli ukuba babe nako uloyiso ngexesha edabini.
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IiMaccabees 1 kunye neeMaccabees 2
Igqalwa njengencwadi engaphefumlelwanga enembopheleleko yokubonisa iingxabano neengxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo eziziswa ngabantu bakaThixo nanjengoko babesoloko befumana uncedo lobuthixo phezu kwako nje ukumshiya kwabo uThixo uSomandla besiya koothixo babo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo: