Ngaba uyazi Incwadi kaSiddhartha? Kwinqaku elingezantsi siza kukunika isishwankathelo sayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nebali kunye nabalinganiswa. Sukuphoswa yiyo!
Incwadi kaSiddhartha
USiddharta (igama elithetha ukuthi: Lowo wayifezayo injongo yakhe) yincwadi ebhalwe nguHermann Jesse, eyapapashwa ngowe-1922, kwixesha elithile emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala. Le noveli ibhalwe ngesiJamani kwaye yenziwa yiNew Directions Publishing, emva kokuba umbhali ehlala eIndiya ngeminyaka yoo-1910s, kwaye akuzange kube ngowe-1960 apho yafikelela kuluntu ngokubanzi xa yayipapashwa eUnited States ngonyaka ka-1951.
El incwadi yeSiddhartha Yayithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yendlela eyayifikelela ngayo kubantu abaselula, ingakumbi abakwishumi elivisayo, ekuqondeni kwayo ukuphakuzela nokunganqabiseki abadla ngokukubonisa ngaloo minyaka kubanceda babe nekratshi. Enyanisweni, lo msebenzi waphumelela ibhaso leNobel ngowe-1946.
Ibali libalisa ngobomi bukaSiddhartha, indoda engumHindu, efuna ukufumana indlela yakhe yobomi (indlela inokuthetha indlela okanye indlela), ngamanye amazwi, ifuna ukufumana ubulumko. Lo msebenzi woncwadi uthandwa kakhulu eMpuma, kuba ugqalwa njengelokution malunga nendlela yobomi, equlathe ukucamngca ngelixa ubaliswa, ushiya nayo inqanaba eliphezulu lokomoya, ngenxa yemvakalelo afuna ukuyidlulisa umbhali.
Intshayelelo yebali
Umbhali uqala ngokwazisa ubume bemeko yendawo apho ibali lenzeka khona, eyilali, apho akhoyo amaBrahmin. Kule ndawo kukho umHindu oselula ogama linguSiddharta, ozimisele ukulandela indlela yakhe ukuze afumane ukukhanya.
Isahluko 1 (saqala) – Unyana kaBrahman
Kwisahluko sokuqala, siqala ngoSiddhartha, ovukela uyise (inkosi yesizwe) kwaye wenqaba ukuba yindlalifa, ebonisa ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ukuze afumane ubulumko kunye nokugqibelela ngohambo. Ukuva oku, uyise uyacaphuka kwaye uyala ukumvumela ukuba enze esi sigqibo, kodwa ekugqibeleni ugqiba ekubeni asamkele.
UGovinda, oyena mhlobo usenyongweni kaSiddhartha, uyamthanda kakhulu kwaye umbona njengomntu ofezekileyo; Uphulaphula umhlobo wakhe encokola noyise aze amcele ukuba amkhaphe kolu hambo afuna ukuluthabatha.
Isahluko sesi-2 – Iisamana
Ukutshona kwelanga kwangolo suku, uSiddhartha noGovinda bayishiya loo dolophana, beshiya intsapho yabo ngasemva. Kungekudala emva koko, bakwazi ukufikelela kumadoda onqulo ahamba phantse engenanto yaye aphila koko akufumana kuhambo lwawo, aziwa ngokuba nguSamana, yaye isizathu sokuba ahambe ngendlela yawo kwezi meko kukufunda ukucamngca nokucamngca. linda, nto leyo eyayifunwa nguSiddhartha.
I-protagonist yethu iphakamisa aba bantu ukuba bahambe nabo kwaye emva kokuvuma, baqala ukuzila iintsuku ze-15, balandelwa yi-28. Yonke le miyalelo yayivela kumdala we-Samanas, eyayinenjongo yokubafundisa ngokucamngca ukuba babe ngabantu abanomonde, umgama. ngokwabo kwiintlungu kwaye babe banye nendalo. Nangona ngezi mfundiso iiSamanas zazimnika zona, uSiddhartha akazange athande, ekubeni wayefumene olu lwazi kwaye wayefuna ukuhamba.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukususela oko baqalisa uhambo lwabo, badibana namahemuhemu kaGotama (uBuddha), umntu owayefikelele usukelo lokuyeka ukuvela ngokutsha. Umhlobo wakhe uGovinda nguye obonisa umdla wakhe wokuya kudibana naye nanjengoko uSiddhartha wayengasakholelwa kwinto awayeyifundiswa ngamaSamana, kodwa inkosi yayichasa ukuba uSiddhartha ahambe.
Ukuze basombulule le nto, baqala umlo wokucamngca omnye nomnye, nto leyo eyakhokelela kuSiddhartha njengophumeleleyo. Emva kongquzulwano, aba bafana babini baya kudibana namahemuhemu: Gotama.
Isahluko 3- Gotama
Emva kokushiya amaSamana, uSiddharta noGovinda bafika egadini apho uGotama, owayethetha ngemfundiso awayefuna ukuyifundisa ukukhulula abantu kwiintlungu; Ngosuku olulandelayo, uSiddhartha uthatha ixesha lokuthetha noGotama aze amxelele ukuba iinjongo zakhe zinike indalo yonke isizathu esingaphaya koothixo, kodwa banentanda engenakuhoywa. UGotama njengomfanekiso wayesazi, uyayamkela imbono yakhe kwaye uyavuma ukuba unokubona ubulumko ngaphakathi kweSiddhartha, nangona kunjalo, ugqiba ngokumxelela ukuba akufanele abe ngokugqithiseleyo kwindlela ehamba ngayo.
Kwakhona, amazwi kunye neengcamango ezifakwe nguGotama akwanelanga kuye, ngoko ulungiselela ukuhamba, kodwa ngaphandle komhlobo nomlandeli wakhe, uGovinda, ekubeni wayethakathwa ngamazwi kaGotama waza wagqiba ekubeni ajoyine abafundi, kodwa njengoko besichazile ngaphambili. USiddhartha akazixhasi iinkolelo zakhe.
Umhlobo wakhe unyanzelisa ukuba ahlale kuba yindlela ababeyifuna, leyo yobulumko, kodwa uyayigatya kwaye bagqibe ekubeni bahlukane, ngenxa yoko, ushiywe yedwa. Isigqibo sokuhlala sasinzima kakhulu kuGovinda, kuba yayingumhlobo wakhe wobomi bonke kwaye oyena mntu wayemthanda kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, uthatha isigqibo sokuhlala ngelixa umhlobo wakhe ehamba.
Isahluko 4 - Ukuvuka
Emva kokushiya umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni ngasemva, uSiddhartha uvakalelwa kukuba kukho into efileyo ngaphakathi kuye. Uqalisa ukucinga ngeemvakalelo zakhe nangendlela ayihambileyo, indlela abantu ababemfundisa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abamniki “loo nto” wayeyifuna kubo; eneneni, akazange avume naluphi na uvavanyo okanye amazwi aya kudlula amathandabuzo obuxoki, kwakuxa wayeqonda ukuba amazwi afuna ukuphembelela akanakugatywa, ukuba awamkelwa yaye akathandwa.
Kwakulo mzuzu ukuba uSiddhartha uyaqonda ukuba akaseyena umntwana, uye waba yindoda, kodwa indoda engenalo ikhaya, intsapho, okanye abahlobo, bekungekho kude kube ngulo mzuzu ukuba waqaphela ukuba wayeyedwa. Uziva ngathi uvukile, uyayiqonda i-internal "I" yakhe kwaye ukuyiqonda le nto kumenza azive elahlekile kwaye aqale ukuhamba ngendlela engenanjongo, inye into ayaziyo kukuba akazukubuyela kuyise.
Isahluko 5- Kamala
Okukhona wayehamba, uSiddhartha wafunda into entsha waza wabona indalo yonke ngamehlo ahlukeneyo, wayesoloko ecinga ngendlela yokuyonwabela. Nangona ihlabathi lalingekatshintshi, umbono wakhe ngalo, yonke into yayibonakala intle.
Ekufikeni kwakhe elunxwemeni lomlambo, wachitha ubusuku noVasudeva, umkhweli wezikhephe owathi, ngandlel’ ithile, wamkhumbuza ngoGotama nendlela awamenza ngayo waliphulaphula ilizwi lakhe elingaphakathi, engayeki ukutya okanye aphuphe, evumela ukuba athwalwe. kude ngu "I" yangaphakathi okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-atman.
Ngomso olandelayo, ucela uVasudeva ukuba ahambe ngaphesheya komlambo, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokumnika nantoni na ngokubuyisela, umqhubi wenqanawa umxelela kuphela ukuba umlambo umfundise ukuba ekugqibeleni yonke into ibuya. Ukufika kwakhe kwilali kwangaloo mini, udibana nembelukazi egama linguKamala, awayicela ukuba imfundise ubugcisa bothando.
UKamala, ngokutshintshiselana ngeenkonzo zakhe nokuba ngumhlobo wakhe, ucela iimpahla kunye nemali, ngamanye amazwi, lo mfazi “wayengumkhaphi” okanye ihenyukazi elithengisa uthando lwakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuze abe kunye naye, uSiddhartha wayefuna imali.
Ukholelwa ukuba lo iya kuba ngumsebenzi olula, kuba ufumene izinto ezimbi ngakumbi njengokuchitha iinyanga engatyi, ngoko ucinga ukuba ukufumana imali akufanele kube yinto enkulu. USiddhartha uya eKawaswami, ngokwengcebiso kaKamala, le ndoda ngusomashishini osisityebi omnika umsebenzi, omfundisa into afanele ukuyazi nendlela yokusebenzisa ulwazi esele enalo.
Isahluko 6 – Phakathi kwaMadoda
U-Kawaswami uphathisa uSiddhartha ezona zivumelwano zibalulekileyo, kunye nokuba ngumcebisi kwizivumelwano ezibalulekileyo kunye nokubakho kwingeniso kunye nelahleko. USiddhartha wawubona kuphela umsebenzi wakhe njengokuzonwabisa, okwamncedayo ukuba abe nemali kaKamala.
Wayebagculela abo babeze kuye ngenjongo yokumntshontsha yaye wabona abantu abadala njengabantwana abazinikele kwiminqweno yabo, abasoloko beziva bebhetele kunabo. Wayengasiqondi isizathu sokuba abantu bachithe ixesha labo bexhalabele izinto eziphathekayo nangemali, bezivumela ukuba bakhukuliswe kukubawa.
Isahluko 7- Sansara
USiddhartha waba ngumrhwebi kwaye wayehlala phakathi kobutyebi awayebufuna, ukuba abe noKamala kunye naye, nangona abanye abantu beza, wamvumela kuphela ukuba angene kubudlelwane bakhe obusondeleyo. Yonke into awayeyifundile ngexesha lohambo lwakhe yaba yinto yakudala, wavumela umona ungene ebomini bakhe kwaye wayinikela intliziyo yakhe kwinkanuko. Waqalisa ukwenza izinto zobuntwana wazifica kulonwabo, ukubawa, amandla, ubutyebi, wada waqalisa ukwaziwa ngokudlala ngeentliziyo.
USiddhartha watshintsha ngokupheleleyo waza wawela kulonwabo, ephambuka ngokupheleleyo kwinjongo yakhe yokuqala. Ngenye imini xa ilanga lalitshona kwaye ubusuku bukhona, waqonda ukuba uwele kuSansara, umdlalo wobuntwana. Emva kokucamngca imini yonke, wabuncama ubutyebi bakhe waza kwakhona waqhubeka nendlela yakhe yobulumko, esiya emlanjeni apho wayefikele khona ekuqaleni.
Isahluko 8 - Ngasemlanjeni
Wabuyela kwindawo awayemshiye kuyo umqhubi wephenyane kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, enqwenela ukufa de waya kuwa edinwe eyimfe elunxwemeni lomlambo. Uthe xa ephinda ewavula amehlo, phambi kwakhe kukho indoda, eyathi nangona iminyaka ihambile kuye, waqonda kwangoko ukuba ngumhlobo wakhe omkhulu uGovinda, lo wayemjonge ethule ejonge ukuba angamvusi. phezulu.
Bancokola nje ixeshana kwade kwafika ixesha lokuba athathe umhlala phantsi uGovinda bavalelisana bengabahlobo abakhulu. USiddhartha wayesenendlala ehlasela umzimba wakhe, wagqiba ekubeni ahlale ngasemlanjeni.
Isahluko 9 - UMkhweli wezikhephe
Waphinda wadibana noVasudeva baza bathetha ixesha elide, umqhubi wenqanawa waphawula ukuba umlambo uthethile naye, nto leyo eyayibubuchule awayenabo. Umqhubi wesikhephe uxelele uSiddhartha ukuba usenako ukunxibelelana nomlambo, kodwa kufuneka agxininise.
UVasudeva wahlala noSiddhartha emva kokuba amkele ukumfundisa indlela yokunxibelelana nomlambo. Ngexesha labo kunye, wafunda okuninzi kuye njengomlambo, akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu abavela kwiindawo ngeendawo bazi "izazi". Akhange bathathele ngqalelo ukuba bahambe ixesha elingakanani na, bafika abafundi bakaGotama emlanjeni apho babeza kusiwa khona, kuba ukufa kwabo kwakusondele.
UKamala waya kuSiddhartha nonyana wakhe awayenaye, kodwa wathi xa esendleleni, walunywa yinyoka. Wabaleka kunye nonyana wakhe kwindawo apho uSiddhartha wayekhona kwaye ngokukhawuleza waqaphela inkwenkwe ecaleni kukaKamala njengezibulo lakhe, kodwa kwakusele kuphelile, umfazi wayefile kwaye wagqiba ekubeni amkele unyana wakhe.
Isahluko 10 - UNyana
Unyana kaSiddhartha wayengumntwana olahlekileyo oneminyaka eyi-11 kuphela ubudala. Wayenethemba lokuba uya kumqonda, indlela yakhe yokutya kunye nendlela yakhe yokuphila, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke, kuba wayengumntwana, wayengenakuqhelana nobomi bomntu ohamba ngephenyane kwaye wayesoloko emthuka uyise okanye enze iinzame ukubaleka, ekubeni wayengayifuni kwaphela.
Ngenye imini xa inkwenkwe izama ukuqhwesha, uSiddharta wamlandela etyhutyha ihlathi, wada waya kufika kwindawo apho abona khona uKamala okokuqala, kanye apho, wacamngca ngoko kwakumlungele umntwana. Into yokuqala eyafika entlokweni yakhe nguyise, indlela awayemthanda ngayo kwaye nangona wayemyekile, kwakuxa wayeqonda ukuba kufuneka enze okufanayo kunyana wakhe aze amkhulule.
Isahluko 11- Om
Ngelixa uSiddhartha wayewathutha amadoda kunye nabantwana bakhe enqanaweni yakhe, waqaphela ukuba umbono wakhe ngabo utshintshile, ngoku wayebajonge ngokuwancoma, kodwa intliziyo yakhe yaphukile kwangaxeshanye, ekhumbula unyana wakhe.
Ngenye imini, xa wayencokola noVasudeva, bahlala phantsi ukuze bancokole nomlambo, kodwa ngesi sihlandlo wavakalelwa ngendlela angazange ayive ngaphambili. Xa ecinga ngamanzi, wabona ukuba ubuso bakhe bufana nobukayise, xa wagqiba kwelokuba ahambe. Uyise, uSiddhartha kunye nonyana wakhe baxhumene ngelixa behamba emlanjeni, ngokukhawuleza, waziva ehambelana, wabuzuza ubulumko awayebufuna iminyaka, ezele ithemba, warhoxa waza wabalekela ehlathini.
Isahluko 12- Isiphelo sencwadi ethi Siddhartha
Kwesi sahluko sokugqibela, uGovinda noSiddharta badibana kwakhona kwiminyaka kamva kwaye bathetha ngawo onke amava abawafumeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakungekho bulumko, kodwa oko babekufundile ekuhambeni kwexesha: isono, uthando, njl. Bathe bakugqiba, uSiddhartha uncamisa ibunzi likaGovinda kwaye uGovinda ubona imiboniso emininzi malunga nobukho, wayengazi ukuba lo mbono uthatha ixesha elingakanani, kodwa wancuma ngendlela eyamenza wabonakala njengomntu ofezekileyo, yaphela ngolo hlobo incwadi ethi Siddhartha. .
Ukuba ufuna ukumamela incwadi ethi Siddhartha ngokwakho, siyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo ilandelayo:
Abalinganiswa abaphambili bencwadi ethi Siddhartha
Incwadi kaSiddhartha inabalinganiswa abaninzi abanegalelo kunye nokubaluleka kwesakhiwo. Ukwenza isishwankathelo sibe lula kwaye sibe nokuqonda okungcono, ngoku siza kwazisa ngalinye lamanani avela kwincwadi ethi Siddharta:
- Govinda: Lo ngumhlobo ongcono kakhulu we-protagonist uSiddhartha, omlandelayo kwininzi yebali, lo mlingiswa ubaluleke kakhulu. Uhlala ecaleni kwakhe de afumane uBuddha, emva koko bahlukane iindlela zokulandela indlela yabo.
- gotama: sisidalwa esikhanyiselweyo esibonakala kwincwadi ethi Siddhartha, elandelwa ngabantu abaninzi, lo ngumntu ekucingelwa ukuba ugqibelele. Lo mlinganiswa uvela xa ehamba embindini webali.
- vasudeva: Lo mlinganiswa ngumqhubi wephenyane, okhokela abantu kwisikhephe ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Unobuntu obuzolileyo nobulula, ekwangumntu ozele bububele. Ubulumko obuvela kulo mntu buvela "ekuphulaphuleni umlambo", okumnceda ukuba adlulisele ulwazi lwakhe kunye nokusombulula iingxaki malunga nobukho.
- Kamala: ngumlingisi wesibini obhinqileyo apho uSiddhartha abelana naye ngothando kunye nobudlelwane obunqwenelekayo, obubangelwa ngunyana wakhe. Yinzwakazi entle kakhulu enobutyebi obuninzi, ehlala ebhotwe.
- kamaswani: Ungumrhwebi owathi emva kokudibana noKamala, umfazi lowo uSiddharta abelana naye ngokuzonwabisa, abe nobudlelwane kwaye ujike angathembekanga emtshatweni wabo. Ukuba lo mlinganiswa uyindoda endala, unquma ukuba ufuna ukushiya yonke inhlanhla kunye namashishini akhe ezandleni zikaSiddhartha, ekubeni uyamncoma ngokuba yindoda efundileyo enolwazi olukhulu.
Ukuba uyayithanda incwadi ethi Siddhartha, siyakumema ukuba ufunde amanye amanqaku anxulumene neenoveli: Abamelwane Bafa kwiiNoveli: Isishwankathelo esipheleleyo.