El incwadi yasentwasahlobo ishwankathela umzabalazo kaHoward Roark ngokuchasene nenkqubo yentlalontle yee-30. Ngokusisiseko, ngalo msebenzi sibona indlela impikiswano enomdla phakathi kobuntu kunye nemveli eyenziwa ngayo. Funda kuzo zonke iinkcukacha.
Intwasahlobo, umsebenzi wesiqhelo kunye nolwakhiwo lwangoku.
bhukisha intwasahlobo
El incwadi yasentwasahlobo Lenza umsebenzi wokuqala owathi wavelisa umbhali wayo, uAyn Rand, kwimpumelelo ngo-1943. Libali elibekwe phakathi komdlalo omangalisayo kunye nefilosofi, apho imiba enxulumene, ubukhulu becala, i-ego kunye nomoya womntu kuxoxwa ngawo.
IRandi iphuhlisa ibali le incwadi yasentwasahlobo kwihlabathi lezokwakha, elingaziwa ngokupheleleyo kuye xa eqala ukubhala inoveli ngo-1936. Ngoko ke, umbhali ubona imfuneko yokwenza uphando olubanzi kulo mbandela.
Ngokuphathelele kulo mba, uRand kufuneka afunde iibhayografi ezininzi kunye neencwadi zezakhiwo, enkosi ukuba aphuhlise ngempumelelo iploti kunye nabalinganiswa. Enyanisweni, i incwadi yasentwasahlobo Ibonisa ii-archetypes ezahlukeneyo zobuntu bomntu, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zobuntu.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lophuhliso lwe incwadi yasentwasahlobo abalinganiswa bajongwa ukusuka kulowo ugqalwa njengendoda efanelekileyo ukuya kophakathi. Owokuqala ngumntu othembekileyo kunye nemigaqo eqinile, ngelixa lo mva unako ukungcatsha abantu abakujikelezile, kuquka naye, ukuze aphumelele.
Ngokubanzi, i incwadi yasentwasahlobo Yinoveli ebangele impikiswano enkulu, ekubeni kuqhelekile ukufumana amagqabaza axhasayo nachasayo. Abanye babagxeki bakhe bathi isimbo sale ncwadi sikrwada kwaye siyakhubekisa, ngelixa ezinye iingcali zithi inombhalo oqaqambileyo.
Ezo zezinye zezizathu zokuba le ncwadi ithathe ixesha elide ukuba ipapashwe. Ngokuphathelele oku, kwividiyo elandelayo, sinokubona udliwano-ndlebe abalwenzile no-Ayn Rad ngokwakhe.
Kwelinye icala, kukho abo bacinga nge incwadi yasentwasahlobo njengesiqalo sombutho wenkululeko eMelika. Ukongeza, abanye bakholelwa ukuba inoveli luphawu phakathi koncwadi lwangoku elizweni kwaye uHoward Roark, umlinganiswa oyintloko, ngumthombo obalulekileyo wenkuthazo ngaphakathi kolu hlobo.
Obona balinganiswa
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, i incwadi yasentwasahlobo iphakamisa ingxoxo phakathi komntu ngamnye nesithethe, kwanaphakathi kwengqibelelo yobuqu nokungabikho kwemigaqo eqinileyo. Yintoni ethethelela ubukho beempawu ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo ezi zilandelayo zikhankanyiweyo:
howard ukugquma
Ungumlinganiswa ophambili we incwadi yasentwasahlobo, owathi ngowe-1922 wagxothwa kwisikolo sobugcisa bokwakha ngenxa yokwala ukushiya umbono wakhe wobugcisa nowobuqu. Uzimele, uyingqayizivele kwaye unomoya ophezulu, okwazi ukulwa yedwa ngokuchasene neengqungquthela zentlalo kunye neengcamango zangaphambili.
Ngexesha lophuhliso lwe incwadi yasentwasahlobo, U-Roark uphinde ulwe nabanye abantu abazama ukuthintela inkqubela yakhe ebusweni boyilo lwangoku kunye nengqiqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanxulumana nabantu abaxhasa isitayile sakhe sokuqala.
Ingcamango kaRoark igxininisa imfuneko yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisebenzisekayo, eziphumelelayo, nezisebenzayo, yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ezilungeleleneyo phakathi kwezinto ezintle nezinenjongo. Ngamafutshane, umakhi omncinci uchasene nokulandela isithethe sembali ukonakalisa imbono ephambili yoyilo kunye nokubonakaliswa ngokukhululekileyo komphefumlo wezakhiwo.
Imigaqo kaRoark
Ngale ndlela, uRoark, eqinile kunye nemigaqo yakhe, unquma ukuhlala eNew York ukuze asebenzele omnye wabakhi bezakhiwo abamkhuthazayo: uHenry Cameron. Kwasekuqaleni bobabini basebenza kunye, beshiya isitampu sabo somsebenzi ngamnye, nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wabo awufane uqondwe.
Ngexesha elithile emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kukaCameron, uRoark uqala ukusebenza noPeater Keating, umyili wezakhiwo ophumelele amanqaku aphezulu kodwa akukho migaqo. Olu lwalamano lwengqesho luhlala ixesha elifutshane, ekubeni i-protagonist ye incwadi yasentwasahlobo ugxothwa ngomnye wamaqabane ale nkampani, emthatha njengongazithobi.
Nangona kunjalo, uRoark akanikezeli kwaye uhlala ethembekile kulweyiseko lwakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqiba ekubeni asebenze ngabanye kwaye avule iofisi yakhe kwiiprojekthi zezakhiwo, ekufuneka avale kamva ngenxa yokungabikho kwabathengi.
Kamva, umakhi wezakhiwo uqala ukusebenza kwi-granite quarry, ngelo xesha udibana noDominique Françon, intombi yomnini we-quarry. Ibali elikunye naye lidibanisa ngokukhawuleza, liguqukela ngokwesondo ngobundlobongela, de uRoark amlahle ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.
Ityala lokuqala
Emva kokudibana okungaqhelekanga noDominique, uRoark ubuyela eNew York kwaye uthatha uyilo lwetempile enikezelwe kumoya womntu. Nangona kunjalo, akazi ukuba ngumgibe oqulunqwe ngu-Ellsworth M Toohey, umbhali we-New York Banner, ochasene nesitayile sasimahla somyili.
Lo msebenzi kuthethwa ngawo ngumbulelo kwi-ego yobuntu kwaye ubandakanya umfanekiso oqingqiweyo weDominique. Oku kutsala ukugxekwa kanobom kuluntu olulondolozayo kwaye kugqiba ukumangalelwa ngumxumi, owathi naye waphathwa nguToohey.
Ekugqibeleni, nangona uDominique ethatha icala lakhe, uRoark utyholwa ngesitayela sakhe esingenantlonelo kunye nesingaqhelekanga, kwaye ugqiba ukulahlekelwa ngumthetho. Emva koku, ngokumangalisayo, uba ngumgxeki omnye womsebenzi womyili.
ityala lesibini
Kamva, uKeating ubonisa umdla okhethekileyo kwimisebenzi kaRoark kwaye umcela ukuba ayile iprojekthi enqwenelekayo. Umlinganiswa oyintloko we incwadi yasentwasahlobo Uyavuma, ukuba nje igama lakho lingakhutshwa kwaye zonke iinkcukacha zoyilo lwakho zigcinwe.
Nangona kunjalo, xa uRoark ebuya kuhambo ufumana isimangaliso esingathandekiyo: umsebenzi ugqityiwe, kodwa uKeating akasigcinanga isithembiso sakhe. Kulo mzuzu, umakhi, ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo, unquma ukuvuthela iziseko zesakhiwo.
Ilizwe lonke lisabela kwimpembelelo kaRoark, limsa ematyaleni kwakhona, njengoko sibona kule vidiyo ilandelayo, ejongene nenxalenye yefilimu esekwe incwadi yasentwasahlobo.
Ekuqaleni, uGail Wynand, umnini wephephandaba iThe New York Banner kunye nomhlobo kaRoark, uyamkhusela, kodwa ngokukhawuleza izinga lentengiso liyehla kwaye ujongene nengxaki. Le yindlela uWynand alungcatsha ngayo ukholo lwakhe aze ajike isikhundla sakhe phambi kwesimbo sokwakha somhlobo wakhe.
Kamva, ekuchotshelweni kwetyala, uRoark uqinisekisa inkundla ngentetho echukumisayo malunga ne-ego kunye nokubaluleka kwemigaqo. Ngoko ke inkundla imfumana engenatyala; kwangaxeshanye athi uWynand ayiqonde impazamo yakhe; ekugqibeleni, xa umsebenzi omkhulu awayewuphathiswe nguWynand sele phantse ugqityiwe, uRoark utshata noDominique.
UPeter Keating
U-Keating wafunda ulwakhiwo kunye noHoward Roark, kodwa yena uchasene ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomgaqo, akanabo kwaphela ubukrelekrele kunye nobuchule bokuyila; ukwabawa yaye usoloko ebeka ubutyebi ngaphambi kokuziphatha.
Ngokuzenzekelayo, kwangaxeshanye uRoark efudukela eNew York naye uyahamba. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala esixekweni wenziwa kwifemu edumileyo iFrançon & Heyer, athi kungekudala abe liqabane enkosi ngokukwazi kwakhe ukuncoma abaphathi bakhe.
Ngokufanayo, nangona u-Keating etshate nomtshana ka-Ellsworth M Toohey, uCatalina Halsey, ngokukhawuleza uqala ukuba nomdla kuDominique, intombi kaGuy Françon kunye nombhali weNew York Banner. Nangona kunjalo, akaphindi aphendule ngenxa yokuba esanda kudibana noRoark kwaye, nangona ekuqaleni baxabana, ekugqibeleni ubandakanyeka naye.
Kamva, xa uRoark eziswa kwityala lakhe lokuqala, uKeating uyangqina ngokuchasene naye, echaza ukuba ungumyili we-orthodox ngokwakhe. Kwangaxeshanye, uDominique, edanile yindlela uluntu olusebenza ngayo, uzimanya naye emtshatweni.
Ubomi bothando bukaKeating
Kule nkalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uKeating uyavuma ukutshata noDominique kuba kubandakanya iinzuzo ezinkulu kuye kunomtshato wakhe onokwenzeka kuCatalina. Ke, uphinda abonakalise ukuba amabhongo nokubawa zizinto eziphambili kuluhlu lwakhe lwezinto eziphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba uthando lokwenene lukaKeating nguCatalina. Enyanisweni, njengobungqina boku, uyasikhaba isicelo sakhe sokudibana nomalume wakhe, anokuthi axhamle kuye ngokuthe ngqo; kwelinye icala, ukususela kumzuzu womtshato wakhe kuDominique, uyamcenga ukuba athethe kwaye enze nantoni na ayifunayo ukuze azuze. Nangona kunjalo, ulwalamano aluhlali ixesha elide.
Emva koqhawulo-mtshato, uKeating uqala ukuzibuza kwaye, eziva ngathi akaphumelelanga, uqinisekisa u-Ellsworth M Toohey ukuba amncede. Injongo yakhe kukufumana ikomishoni enejusi enikezelwa yiprojekthi enxulumene nesakhiwo sezindlu saseCortland.
Kamva, xa uToohey evuma, uKeating, eyazi impumelelo yemisebenzi kaRoark, wamcela ukuba amncede ngoyilo lwesakhiwo. Kule meko, bobabini abayili bezakhiwo bafikelela kwisivumelwano kodwa uKeating uyasilela ukuthobela, nto leyo ebangela ukucaphuka kukaRoark.
Ngamafutshane, uKeating akanayo inkalipho yokuthethelela iinkolelo zakhe okanye iinkolelo zakhe. Nangona esoloko ezisola xa evuma ukuba wenze into embi, akadli ngokuhlehla, kwanokuba oko kuthetha ukulahlekelwa zizinto nabantu abaxabisa ngokwenene.
UDominique Francon
Uyintombi kaGuy Françon, umnini wekwari apho uRoark wayekhe wasebenza khona. Umhle kwaye unomdla, ukwangumbhali wephephandaba iThe New York Banner.
Nje ukuba uDominique adibane noRoark uziva enomtsalane kakhulu kuye, nangona bobabini bexhathisa, ekugqibeleni babandakanyeka ngendlela yasendle nenomdla. Nangona kunjalo, i-protagonist ye incwadi yasentwasahlobo umyeka ngesiquphe ukuba enze imicimbi yomsebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, nangaphandle kokuba kunye, uvuselela umsebenzi kaRoark, njengoko umakhi wezakhiwo wenza umzobo omhle ngozuko lwakhe. Umfanekiso ka-Dominique onqunu uphumle kwitempile enikelwe kumoya womntu, awathi uToohey wayalela ngokukhohlakeleyo eRoark.
Kamva, xa umakhi wezakhiwo ejamelene netyala ngenxa yesiphithiphithi esabangelwa yitempile eyayisandul’ ukwakhiwa, uDominique uyamthethelela. Nangona ezama ukumnceda, akwanelanga kwaye akaphumeleli etyaleni.
Eso siganeko sitshintsha ikhondo lobomi bukaDominique, odanileyo kwaye uziphose kwiingalo zikaKeating. Ukususela kumzuzu wokuqala, umeyisela ukuba enze kwaye athethe oko acinga ukuba kufanelekile kwaye akachasi.
Yile ndlela uDominique eba ngumgxeki kaRoark kunye ne-accomplice ye-Keating. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyavuma ukulala noGail Wynand, ngokutshintshiselana nomyeni wakhe ukufumana ikhomishini enkulu kumnini wephephandaba iThe New York Banner asebenza kulo.
Kamva, ngesivumelwano phakathi kukaWynand noKeating, uDominique uba ngumfazi waloo mvakalisi. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo yakhe iseye-Roark, ngoko ke unyanzelekile ukuba amkele imbono yomakhi kwaye ekupheleni kwebali utshata naye.
UGail Wynand
Ungumnikazi wephephandaba iThe New York Banner, ngaphandle kokuba sisityebi, amabhongo kunye nomthandi wegunya. Inika impembelelo ebalulekileyo kuluvo loluntu, ngakumbi ngokunxulumene nezopolitiko.
Ngaxa lithile, uWynand uhlawula uKeating ukuba aqhawule umtshato noDominique, aze uDominique abe ngumfazi womvakalisi. Kwihlombe likaWynad, uqesha uRoark ukuba akhe indlu baza kuhlala kuyo bobabini.
Ngaphandle kokwazi ibali lothando phakathi kwenkosikazi yakhe kunye noRoark, baba ngabahlobo abalungileyo. Enyanisweni, kwangethuba xa lo mva ejongene netyala lakhe lesibini, umyeni kaDominique uyamxhasa kwaye uyamkhusela.
Nangona kunjalo, xa izilangazelelo zephephandaba ziqala ukuchatshazelwa yinkxaso enika uRoark, uWynand ujike umva kwiinkolelo zakhe kwaye enze isikhalazo ngokuchasene ne-protagonist yephephandaba. Incwadi yaseNtwasahlobo.
Xa inkundla imkhulula uRoark kwizityholo awayetyatyelwe zona ebudeni beli tyala, uWynad ubonakalisa aze aqonde intsingiselo ephosakeleyo ayinike igunya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngoko ke uthatha isigqibo sokuvala iphephandaba kunye neekomishini uRoark ngoyilo lokugqibela: ukwakha i-skyscraper ngokuhlonipha ubukhulu bomntu ngamnye.
Ngale ndlela, ukuwa kobukumkani obakhiwe nguWynad kubandakanya ilahleko yephephandaba, inkosikazi yakhe uDominique kunye nomhlobo wakhe uRoark. Kule nkalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba lo mlinganiswa unako ukukhulula ixabiso elibi elikhoyo ebomini bakhe, njengoko kwenzeka isishwankathelo sokuchasa kuka-Ernesto Sabato.
Ellsworth M Toohey
Ungumbhali wemihlathi yephephandaba iThe New York Banner, ingcali ekugxekeni ubugcisa. Ungumlinganiswa okhohlakeleyo kwaye uxhalabele ukufumana amandla phezu kwenginginya, athi ngokuthe ngcembe afumane umbulelo kuluvo loluntu oluveliswe ngamanqaku akhe; Ngenxa yobume bobubi bukaToohey, ubeka iinjongo zakhe ekutshabalaliseni umsebenzi kaRoark, apho aqulunqa isicwangciso: ququzelela iphulo lokutyhola umyili wezakhiwo.
Ngale ndlela, uqinisekisa usomashishini onempembelelo ukuba aqeshe uRoark, ekufuneka enze iprojekthi ebalulekileyo kuye. Emva koko, uyalela ukuba kwakhiwe itempile enikelwe kumoya womntu, nto leyo ebangela isiphithiphithi kubemi ababambelele kumasiko nezithethe belo xesha.
Kamva uluntu lubeka uxinzelelo kwaye uRoark ujongene nesimangalo sesibini. Okwanelisa iinjongo ezimnyama zikaToohey, ezinxulumene nokungafuni kwakhe nantoni na ephambukayo kwinto eqhelekileyo.
Kamva, uKeating usebenzisa impembelelo kaToohey ukuphumelela isabelo seprojekthi kwisakhiwo esikhulu sezindlu. Ngokulandelayo, uKeating ucela uncedo lukaRoark ukwenza uyilo lomsebenzi.
Le projekthi ikwafikelela kuvuthondaba ngentlekele ngenxa yokungabi namagama kukaKeating xa ejongene nokuzinikela kwakhe kuRoark, kwaye umakhi wezakhiwo uphinde wagwetywa ngenxa yokukhululeka kwakhe kunye nokwenza izinto ngokungxama. Ngoko kwakhona, u-Toohey wanelisekile ukuba usebenzise amandla athile phezu kohlaselo olutsha kwingcinga kunye nomsebenzi we-protagonist yencwadi. incwadi yasentwasahlobo.
Isiphelo
incwadi yasentwasahlobo Ibhekisela kwimiba enokuthi, kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, ikwazi ukuvelisa ingxabano, njengale: i-ego, umoya womntu, amabhongo, imfuno yamandla, umntu ngamnye, imigaqo yobuqu, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali uAyn Rand uyakwazi ukuziphuhlisa ngobuchule obukhulu ngaphakathi kwimeko ekulula ukuyiqonda kubafundi.
Kwelinye icala, kule noveli sihlala sibona indlela abalinganiswa abachasene ngokupheleleyo bajongana ngayo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, abo baneempawu ezichaseneyo babonisa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufunda kukuba sonke siyakwazi ukubekela ecaleni kokubini ukuzingca nomnqweno wamandla namabhongo agqithisileyo.