El Incwadi yothando olulungileyo, yimbali yobumester de abefundisi, eyenzelwe inkulungwane yeshumi elinesine. Yabhalwa nguJuan Ruiz. Ithathwa njengowona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wexesha loncwadi oluqhelekileyo lwaseSpain.
Incwadi yothando olulungileyo
Incwadi yothando olulungileyo, eyayikwabizwa ngokuba yiNcwadi ye-Archpriest kunye neNcwadi yeeMvumi, ithathwa njengembali ye-mester de clergy, eqhelekileyo ngenkulungwane ye-1700. Yenziwe ngezitanza ezimalunga ne-XNUMX ezinezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uphuhliso olubalisayo lusikhokelela kwibali elakhiwe kwi-autobiography engabonakaliyo, ebhalwe nguJuan Ruiz, ongu-Archpriest we-Hita kwibali. ILibro de Buen Amor, ithathwa njengenye yemisebenzi yobugcisa eyinxalenye yoncwadi lweSpanish. Ukuqaqambisa ikakhulu ezo zenzelwe ixesha lamaXesha Aphakathi.[/su_note]
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba i-Libro de Buen Amor ineqela lezinto ezingafaniyo zemixholo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo edibana ngokuphuhliswa kwengxelo ye-autobiographical. Apho kuchazwa iimeko ezisekelwe kwimiba yothando efunyanwa ngumbhali webali.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umbhali we-Libro de Buen Amor unokubonwa kwinxalenye yencwadi ngokusebenzisa umlingiswa kaDon Melón de la Huerta. Ngoko unokukubona ngeso lengqondo ukumelwa kwabo bonke abathandi ababeyinxalenye yobomi bakhe kwaye emva koko baphuhliswe kudidi oluphezulu lwentlalontle kwiSpanish yamandulo ephantsi.[/su_note]
ingxoxo engaphezulu
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ekuphuhlisweni kwembali yeNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo, ukulawulwa kweentsomi kunye nabaxolisi banokubonwa, okuvumela ukuba oku kube yingqokelela yomzekelo ngokupheleleyo kwiincwadi.
[su_box title=”Incwadi yothando oluLungileyo, uMpriste omkhulu wakwa-Hita” radius=”6″][su_youtube url=”https://youtu.be/kHW5XkbkN9k”][/su_box]
Kwangokunjalo kusingathwa izikweko ezifana nokuziphatha, iintshumayelo kunye ne- goliardesque. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengoma ezithathwa njengehlabathi nazo zinokuboniswa. Okulandelayo kufanekisela i-serranillas, i-parodic, ehambelana nezinye iinkolo, ezibonakaliswa kwiingoma kunye novuyo lweNtombikazi kunye noYesu.
imathiriyeli ebalisayo
Izinto ezibalisayo zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimiba ye-parodic, eqhelekileyo yee-comedies ezithathwa njenge-elegiac, eziyinxalenye yamaxesha aphakathi. Ukubonisa ngokwako izigigaba azibalisayo umbhali ngokunxulumene nothando, ezithi zivakaliswe ngemibongo ebonwa ngokuthe ngqo ngamakhonkco ezithandwa zabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uPamphilus wachazwa kwiNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo, eboniswe ngokukodwa kuDon Melón kunye noDoña Endrina. Ngokufanayo, inxulumene ne-parody ye-liturgy yeeyure ze-canonical, kunye naleyo yeengoma ze-epic. Ukongeza, izinto ezinje ngeDon Carnal kunye neDoña Cuaresma ziyaphathwa.
Ngokunjalo, ezinye iincwadi zinokubonwa kweli bali, njengezityalo. Oko kunokubonwa kwimeko yokufa kweTrotaconventos. Lo mlingiswa wawubalulekile, kuba wadlala indima yokumela iLa Celestina, ngendlela efanayo kwi-satires. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo kubanikazi basetyhini, kunye nemali. Izinto zikwaphathwa kwiintsomi zamaxesha aphakathi ezibizwa ngokuba yiAesopic.
Konke oku kukukhangela ukuqaqambisa imiba yemfundo enxulumene nothando. Ukukhangela ukufunda kwabantu ukuphuhlisa le mvakalelo ikhethekileyo.
Ngoko ke, i-Libro de Buen Amor ifuna ukubonisa ukubaluleka kweencwadi zesiLatini zamandulo. Ingakumbi le, ehlelwa njengoncwadi lwabefundisi.
Isishwankathelo
Incwadi yothando olulungileyo ichaza indlela u-Archpriest afuna ukuhenda ngayo abafazi, ngenjongo yokufumana uthando lokwenene. Lo mlinganiswa uncediswa yiTrotaconventos, nangona kunjalo, zonke iinzame zakhe ziphela ngokungaphumeleli.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba isandulela sakhe, ngokungafaniyo nemisebenzi emininzi, ibhalwe kwiprose. Apho zibhengezwa khona iinjongo zoMbingeleli Omkhulu wakwaHita, zibhalwe ngokukodwa esentolongweni, nto leyo ebhekisela kwinto efuziselwa bubomi basemhlabeni.[/su_note]
Ibali ligxininisa kuthando oluhle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ebomini bonke ukufunda ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. Ngokufanayo, isimo sengqondo esinjengokuziphatha okubi nobungendawo siyabonakaliswa. Kwelinye icala, ibonisa intlonelo nokulunga kwamabhinqa.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba amava okuqala omlingisi oyintloko kunye nabasetyhini baphela ngokungaphumeleli. Kungale ndlela ke esiboniswa ngayo iingozi zokuphila uthando oluzaliswe yimpambano nokuziphatha okubi. Ngokulandelayo ukubalaselisa iingenelo eziziswa luthando olulungileyo.
UJuan Ruiz, umbhali, uzinikela njengomdlali oyintloko kwaye naye abe ngumbalisi. Kucatshangelwa ziingcali ezininzi ukuba iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo luhlengahlengiso lwebali likaPamphilus ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini.
Kwibali, inhlanhla ilandela umlingiswa oyintloko, xa ekwazi ukubakhohlisa, umfazi uhlala ethanda ukufa. Kwelinye icala, umsebenzi uzele zezinye iziganeko ezimele iintsomi. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Archpriest iphetha nge-blackberry, apho isifundo sothando oluhle sibonakaliswa.
Abalinganiswa beNcwadi yothando olulungileyo
Abalinganiswa abenza eli bali libalulekileyo lamaxesha aphakathi ngaba balandelayo:
Umbingeleli omkhulu weHita
Lo mlinganiswa unokuqwalaselwa ngokumangalisayo, kungekhona nje ngokuba ungumlinganiswa oyintloko webali, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ungumbhali walo msebenzi. Ngumfundisi, owaziwa ngokuba nguArchpriest. Onophawu lokuzingisa kwaye umntu akalunganga njengokuthatheka.
Umlingiswa uzama kwimbali yonke ukuphumeza oko kubizwa ngokuba ngabaninzi ukuzala kothando. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuzingisa kwakhe, akafumani nto ngaphandle kokusilela kothando.
I-Trotaconventos, i-pimp
Lo mlingiswa uthathwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwimbali yeNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo.Ukongezelela kule nto, ngabaninzi ithathwa njenge-antecedent yeCelestina. I-Trotaconventos, uzijonga njenge-pimp, kuba uzenza umsebenzi wokunceda u-Archpriest, ngokumalunga nayo yonke into ebhekiselele kuthando kunye nomnqweno wakhe wokufezekisa ukuzaliseka kwayo.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kulo lonke uphuhliso lomsebenzi, uDon Amor, unika iingcebiso kwi-Archpriest apho abonisa khona ukuba kufuneka athathe enye yala manenekazi ahlala exhonywe ezicaweni njengomthunywa kwaye nabo bayazi. malunga neendledlana. Okukhokelela ekubeni iTrotaconventos ibe ngumthunywa wakhe othembekileyo.[/su_note]
Uthando lwe-Archpriest
Kuyo yonke iNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo, umlingiswa oyintloko, u-Archpriest, ulandelela injongo yokwenza abafazi abaninzi bathandane. Apho abona baphawuleka khona, ibhinqa eliyinxalenye yodidi oluphezulu lwentlalontle, enethamsanqa elikhulu kwaye ngokulandelelana ibe ngomnye wabo banandipha isimilo esihle.
Ngendlela efanayo, uyakwazi ukoyisa umbhaki ongenangqondo, ngokumangalisayo nonongendi ohloniphekileyo, ibhinqa eliselula elinesimo somhlolokazi, owayefunwa ngamadoda amaninzi kunye nentombazana yasentabeni.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba umlingiswa weDoña Garoza ungunongendi oneenjongo ezichazwe kakuhle ebomini, oku kuthetha ukuba akaphenjelelwa lula nakubani na. Amandla akhe ayancipha emva kokunyanzeliswa okukhulu kweTrotaconventos.[/su_note]
abalinganiswa abayintsomi
U-Doña Cuaresma ngumlingiswa ovela kwi-Libro de Buen Amor, enesakhelo esincinci, ngendlela efanayo, uneengxaki zesikhumba, u-ladino kwaye ubuthathaka. Ukongeza koku, uthathwa njengomlinganiswa onezimo zengqondo ezininzi ezingalunganga. Ngaphandle koku, uDoña Cuaresma ubonisa ukuba ungcwele. Abanye abalinganiswa abanjengoDoña Venus kunye noDon Amor nabo bagqamile.
Imibhalo-ngqangi
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo inemibhalo emithathu. Nangona kunjalo, uRamón Menéndez Pidal wayephendula ngokubhekisele kwizenzo ezibini ezazisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo kumaxesha anxulumene nobomi bakhe:
Umbhalo-ngqangi we-S
Oku kwavela eSalamanca, ngakumbi kuSodolophu waseColegio de San Bartolomé. Kungemva koku ukuba wayeseRoyal Library yaseMadrid. Emva kwexesha, kude kube ngoku, iya kuba kwiThala leencwadi leDyunivesithi yaseSalamanca.
Ileta yayo yenzelwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nombhalo-ngqangi opheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ulwazi olongeziweyo alufumaneki kweminye imibhalo-ngqangi. Lo mba ubalulekileyo waphunyezwa ngenxa ka-Alonso Paradinas.
Umbhalo-ngqangi we-G
Igama layo libangelwa kukuba laliphantsi kwamandla kaBenito Martínez Gayoso. Ngoku iyinxalenye yeThala leencwadi leRoyal Spanish Academy. Yenzelwe inkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Musa ukuyeka ukufunda Uncwadi lweSpanishi lwaseMelika.
T Umbhalo-ngqangi
Umbhalo-ngqangi wakhe ubizwa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba wawugcinwe kwiCathedral yaseToledo. Okwangoku yenzelwe iThala leeNcwadi leSizwe laseSpain. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba imibhalo yenziwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine.
Umxholo kunye nesakhiwo
Incwadi Yothando Olulungileyo, yayinesihloko ngaloo ndlela nguMenéndez Pidal ngonyaka we-1898. Yayiphefumlelwe yiyo yonke imihlaba evezwe ngaphakathi kwebali elibaliswayo kwincwadi. Ngokusekelwe ikakhulu kwinombolo yesakhelo 933b. Eyona nto isekelwe kwi-hemistich yokuqala ebonisa uthando oluhle.
Kwelinye icala, ngokuphathelele umhla owabhalwa ngawo, isekelwe kumbhalo-ngqangi. Omnye wemibhalo-ngqangi uthi umbhali ugqitywe unyaka we-1330 kwakunye nomnye ohlobene nowe-1343.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngo-1330 uJuan Ruiz wenza uhlaziyo kwaye emva koko izilungiso, ezazisekelwe kuqulunqo olutsha lwengxelo yeli bali elibalaseleyo lexesha eliphakathi. Kufuneka kucace ukuba le ncwadi isekelwe ngokupheleleyo kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, ezi zilandelayo:
[su_list icon = »icon: check» icon_color = »# 231bec»]
- Umxholo, osekelwe kumzekelo, amabali ngokumalunga nothando, i-serranillas, kunye neempawu ze-didactic kunye neengoma zabo zeengoma.
- I-Metrics inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezifana nokuqulunqa okusekwe kwizitanza ezenziweyo ezisekelwe kwiivesi ezilishumi elinesithandathu, kunye nestanza kunye ne-zejelescas.
- Ithoni, esekwe kuthotho, kunye nemibhiyozo, inkolo kunye nezinto zehlabathi.[/su_list]
izixhobo eziphambili
Izinto ezisembindini apho le mbali iqulathe ezi zilandelayo:
Intshayelelo
Koku umbhali ucacisa yonke into esekelwe kwimiba yokutolika ibali. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba inikezela ngomthandazo phantsi kwesakhelo, ubhekiswa ngokupheleleyo kuBawo waseZulwini kunye neNtombi Enyulu uMariya.
Umthandazo ufuna ukucela uncedo lokufumana iprozi kwiprozi yakhe. Oku kunokufaniswa nentshumayelo eqhelekileyo esekelwe kunqulo lobuthixo.
Kwelinye icala, le nxalenye inokugqalwa njengefanayo, ukongezelela koko, inesinye isivakalisi esinxibelelene nenkoliseko yobuthixo epheleleyo, ukuba nethuba lokwenza incwadi ngokuchanileyo. Ezibonakalisa ngovuyo olubhekiswa kwiNtombi Enyulu uMariya. funda malunga Ubomi bukaMartin Blasco.
i-fictional autobiography
Incwadi yoThando oluLungileyo yakhiwe phantsi kwengxelo eyintsomi yombhali wayo. Ke ngoko, yenziwa phantsi kolwakhiwo lokuziphatha olusekelwe kwizenzo zalo.
[su_note] Ke ngoko, le ncwadi ibalisa ngemicimbi yothando yombhali kunye nabasetyhini abahlukeneyo. Kuyo, abafazi abahlukeneyo babonakaliswa, benemvelaphi eyahlukileyo kunye nexesha elifanayo neemeko zentlalo. Phakathi kwaba, abona babalaseleyo yayingunongendi, ibhinqa elingumMoor, umbhaki wezonka, umnini weshedi yokuthandazela, ngokukwanjalo, ibhinqa elikwisikhundla esiphezulu, kwakunye nabalindi beentaba abaliqela.[/su_note]
Ukuqokelelwa kwemizekelo
Le ngqokelela ye-enxiemplos isekelwe kwi-apologetics, amabali kunye neentsomi. Zonke ezi zifuna ukufundisa ngokuziphatha, sihlandlo ngasinye ziphela iziqendu zale ncwadi. Usenokuba nomdla kweli nqaku Iqhawe elinxibe isikrweqe esinomhlwa.
Ingxabano phakathi kombhali kunye noDon Amor
Kukho imbambano phakathi kombhali kunye noDon Amor, ongumlinganiswa othathwa njengofuziselayo. Umbhali uthatha isigqibo sokumangalela lo mlinganiswa ngokuba noxanduva lwazo zonke izono ezibulalayo ezenzeka kwibali ngalinye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nendlela umfazi omele abe ngayo ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-gallant ethile, ziqwalaselwa.
I-Narración
Ithetha ngemicimbi yothando ephuhlayo kunye noDon Melón kunye noDoña Endrina. Isekwe ngokupheleleyo kumdlalo ohlekisayo wobuntu owenziwa ngezinto zePamphilus yamaxesha aphakathi.
Idabi
Ibali elingumfuziselo ledabi eliphakathi kweDoña Cuaresma kunye noDon Carnal nalo liyabaliswa. Ephuhliswa nge-parody ehambelana ngqo ne-chansons de geste kumaxesha aphakathi.
UArs Amandi
Unokubona izimvo ezivela kuArs Amandi, oyimbongi yemvelaphi yesiLatini ogama linguOvid.
ithoni kunye nomxholo
Ithoni kunye nomxholo zisekelwe kwi-satitire kunye ne-goliardic. Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-parody yomdlalo weHoras canonónicas. Kwakhona kwiCantiga de los clerics de Talavera. Apho indumiso engafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo ibonakaliswa ngokunxulumene nabanini basetyhini abasekelwe kwi-satitire.
Ngapha koko, iingoma zeengoma zenqanaba lenkolo zinokubonwa, ngokusekwe ikakhulu kwiiMariana, ngakumbi kwiMiyoyo yaseSanta María. Ethi yona ijikelezwe ziingoma eziziingoma ngokupheleleyo nezelizwe ezinxulumene ngqo nokufa kweTrotaconventos.
[su_box title=”Yothando olulungileyo / Isicatshulwa: UJuan Ruiz Archpriest of Hita” radius=”6″][su_youtube url=”https://youtu.be/9M3igVZsQEE”][/su_box]
Ukutolikwa komsebenzi
Ukutolikwa kweNcwadi yothando olulungileyo, kunenjongo yayo, ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni isizathu sokuba ibali lenziwe. Ukugxininisa ngokwenene, kuphuhliso olunikezwa yi-heterogeneity enkulu.
Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo ifuna ukugqamisa uthando oluzinikeleyo. Kwakunye nezinto ezibonisa amandla anxulumene ngokupheleleyo nothando lwenyama.
Menendez Pelayo kunye nabanye abalinganiswa
UMenéndez Peleyo kunye nabanye ababhali bafuna ukucwangcisa yonke imiba ngokunxulumene nomlingiswa we-goliard webali. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngokwenene akukho hlobo lohlaselo kwiimfundiso kunye novukelo ngokunxulumene nomkhosi okhohlakeleyo kunye nabasemagunyeni baseSpain.
Konke oku kusikhokelela ekuqondeni ukuba ezi zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba ngokuchanekileyo imibongo yeGoliardesque. Kwelinye icala, abaphengululi abaninzi boncwadi bafuna ukuchaza ukuba iLibro de Buen Amor isenjalo.
Ngokufanayo, kukho ezinye iindidi zababhali, ezifana noJosé Amador de los Ríos noMaría Rosa Lida de Malkier, ababefuna ukuba nemiba esekelwe kwizimo zengqondo ze-didactic. U-Américo Castro kunye no-Albornoz Sánchez nabo bacinga ukuba abanye ababhali, njengoko kunjalo ngoJuan Ruíz, ohlelwa njengombhali ogxekayo, onemikhwa ebacinezelayo.
Kwelinye icala, uJuan Luis Alborg ufuna ukubonakalisa uhlolisiso, olufana nolo lwenziwa koko akusebenzisayo. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba lo mlingiswa wenza le ntshukumo kunye noCervantes. Konke oku kusikhokelela ekuqondeni ukuba uJuan Luis Alborg ufuna ukuzenzela imixholo enxulumene ne-chivalry, ebonisa umbono wakhe wobugcisa obuyimpoxo. Okukhokelela ekubeni azichaze ngokulula kwakhe ngokujoyina i-didactics yamaxesha aphakathi.
Umsebenzi
Incwadi yoThando oluLungileyo imele ukuba iqulethe iinkqubo ezigcwele iinkcubeko ezininzi, ezijoliswe ngokukodwa eToledo, ngokumalunga nophuhliso lwexesha. Ke ngoko, kubonakaliswa ukuba uninzi lwabasetyhini bathandana ne-protagonist kwaye uninzi lwabo lwalungenalo ubudlelwane benyama kunye nabo, ngokungafaniyo xa kuvela izinto ezihlaselwa yintombazana yasezintabeni ngeLa Chata. Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abo balinde iintaba babesibhiyozela. Ewe, iiserrana zithathwa njengezibalulekileyo kuhlobo loncwadi.
Kukho iqunube elivakalisa ngokupheleleyo isakhono sakhe njengemvumi, de liqhayisele wonke umntu. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba yena ngokwakhe wenza iingoma ezinxulumene nomdaniso waseAndalusi kunye wamaYuda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngexesha apho idabi likaDon Carnal kunye neDoña Cuaresma lenzeka khona, uhambo olude oluya eToledo lwenzeka, kuba kuloo ndawo amaxhwele kunye noorabhi bathi ngokuzithoba balindele ukuba yonke into ibonelelwe. ngendlela ehloniphekileyo..
Ukongeza kule María Rosa Lida de Malkiel, ngoko ke banokubonwa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwabo. Ivakalisa amabali anxulumene neprozi enemvano-siphelo, kunye namagamat awenziwe ngababhali abahlukeneyo abavela kwintsimi yama-Arabhu efana namaHebhere aphuhliswa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini neyeshumi elinesine.
Incwadi
Kwelinye icala, iLibro de Buen Amor iqulathe imiba enxulumene noqhanqalazo lohlobo lwegoliard, yona ngokwayo esekwe kwindawo uGil de Albornoz ayenze ngayo. Evumeleke ukuba kubhenceke kwidayosisi eyeyabo imfundiso yephepha le-barragana
Oku kuhambelana nokuhlalisana umfundisi awayenaso nomfazi. Ethathwa njengesithethe esilula esekwe kwintsimi enamasiko amaninzi. Ngokufanayo, uqhekeko lokukhuliswa kuka-Elipando kufuneka lugxininiswe. Oku kusikhokelela ekuqondeni ukuba konke oku kuziswe ngenjongo yokukhumbula amaSilamsi, amaKrestu namaJuda.
Kungale ndlela ichazwa ngayo kubafazi kwaye iguqulwe kubefundisi. Apho ukongeza koku, ukunganeliseki kubonakaliswa ngubhishophu omkhulu ngokuchasene ne-barraganía. Yiyo loo nto kufanelekile ukwenza uqhanqalazo oluvumela ubhishophu omkhulu okwaziyo ukumgcina entolongweni. Okusikhokelela ekuqondeni ukuba umbulelo ku-Enrique uyakwazi ukukhulula ngokupheleleyo uthando lwakhe ngoncwadi lweGoliardesque.
udaniel eisenberg
Ungomnye wababhali oye wabalaselisa ukubaluleka kothando olulungileyo kubantu abafana noJuan Ruiz. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yayibonakalisa imicimbi yakhe yothando, njengoko kunjalo ngomniniyo. Yayingubani lo mfazi wayenaye, naye wayeyintombi enyulu yaye wayefuna ukuba naye njengesingxengxezo.
Kwelinye icala, uthando olubi lwalunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nolo lwabalindi, abakwabizwa ngokuba lulutsha.
Ububhali kunye nokuthandana
Umbhali weNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo ukhankanya izinto zecawa ezinokubonwa kulo lonke uphuhliso lweli bali. Njengoko kunjalo kwimeko kaJoan Roiz acipreste de Fita efunyenwe kwisakhelo se-19b-c. Kanye nakuYo Johan Ruiz i-acipreste de Hita ekhankanywe ngasentla echazwe ku-c. 575th.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwakusuka kwi-1984, ngenxa kaFrancisco J. Hernández, ukuba ubungqina obubambekayo bunokubonwa ukuba ngaba uJuan Ruiz wayekho ngokwenene, kunye no-uenerabilibus Johanne Roderici, uArchpriest waseFite.[/su_note]
Kule ungabona isihloko esipheleleyo secawa ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezibalisayo zeNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, nangona kunjalo, le yenye yezinto ezimbalwa zolwazi ezifunyenwe malunga noJuan Ruiz, umbhali weNcwadi yeGood. Uthando.Yintoni eyenza olu xwebhu lubaluleke ukuba bubungqina bombhali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umcimbi obalulekileyo ngumhla apho iNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo yenziwe ngayo, leyo isekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe ngama-codex afunyenwe kwimbali.
Imibhalo-ngqangi kunye nomhla wokupapashwa
Kuyabonakala ukuba umbhalo-ngqangi G wagqitywa ngowe-1330. Kwelinye icala, umbhalo-ngqangi S, onamabali amatsha akwiNcwadi Yothando Olulungileyo, wagqitywa ngowe-1343.
Kubagxeki beNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, uJuan Ruiz uye wasebenzisa iziqendu zakhe esele zenziwe ukuze adibanise ibali lakhe. Ke ngoko, kuqinisekiswa ukuba inguqulelo yokuqala yeNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo yenziwa ngo-1330.
Emva kolu papasho, umbhali wongeze eminye imibongo, esekelwe ngokukodwa kuhlobo lweengoma. Konke oku, ukwenzela ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo iNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ngoku ipapashwe ngendlela echazwe ngayo.
Imithombo
Into yokuqala enxulumene neNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo igxile ngokukodwa kwiinkalo eziphambili zoncwadi lwecawa olusekelwe kumaxesha apho le ncwadi yabhalwa khona.
Oku kungenxa yesibakala sokuba uJuan Ruiz wayenenkqubo yobuciko ngokupheleleyo eyayisekelwe kwiinkalo zonqulo ngokupheleleyo. Kungesi sizathu ke apho umbhali ebenokuthiwa ebutsheni bakhe ukuba aye kwisikolo secathedral, esifana nenkolo ye-Henares basin okanye naseAlcalá.
Ke ngoko, uninzi lokubhalwa kwencwadi lusekwe kulwakhiwo lweentshumayelo, oluthathwa njengethandwayo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-extra division. Kungesi sizathu ke izihloko ezinxulumene nokuziphatha zigutyungelwe, nto leyo ethe yona yaba yinto ephambili kumzekelo.
Ngokufanayo, kwiNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, iinkqubo zokuvuma izono ziyavela, ngokulandelelana kwekhathekizim nemithandazo ngendlela yamaculo abonisa ukuzinikela okukhoyo kuBawo oseZulwini.
[su_note] Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba esona sihloko sibalulekileyo kwiNcwadi yothando olulungileyo luthando. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yakhe isekelwe kwiincwadi ze-Ovidian zaseYurophu ukususela kumaxesha aphakathi. Oku kuphinda kuqaqambise ama-comedies e-elegiac anxulumene ne-Ars Amandi kunye ne-Remedia amores. Ukuvumela olu lwazi ukuba lumelwe kwaye lutyhilwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu.[/su_note]
Ngokunjalo, zonke iinkalo ezishiye uphawu lwazo ngaphakathi kweNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo zixutyushwa.Uthando lwenkundla luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebali, leyo ke yona isekelwe kuncwadi lweGoliardesque.
iifonti ezibalaseleyo
Eyona mithombo ibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kweNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo igxile ikakhulu kwimiba enxulumene noncwadi lwemvelaphi yaseNtshona Yurophu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba iNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo iqulethe umzekelo ovela kwiincwadi zesiArabhu, eziye zaguqulelwa kwisiLatini malunga ne-peninsula yekhulu leshumi elinesithathu.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba abalinganiswa abafana no-Américo Castro baqhubekile badibanisa ngqo i-Libro de Buen Amor kunye nezinto ezenza uncwadi lwesi-Arabhu. Ke ngoko, uyibiza ngokuba yimanyano yeMudejar, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwemetric. Ethi ke yona iguqulwe phakathi kwentsomi kunye nenyani. Nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ibe yimbali yembali yothando.
U-Américo Castro, ethelekisa iNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, unxulumene no-El Collar de la Paloma, ngumbhali u-Ibn Hazm. Ngaphandle koku, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba imiba eyinxalenye yala mabali ithathwa ngokukodwa luncwadi lwaseYurophu kwaye iguqulelwe kwi-autobiography. Ingakumbi kumabali anxulumene nemisebenzi evuselela inkanuko. Ziziphi iimpawu zezinto ze-Ovid zamaxesha aphakathi.
[su_note] Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uJuan Ruiz azi isiArabhu sakudala. Ke ngoko, iNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, nangona iqulethe izichazi-magama zamaMoor, akufuneki idityaniswe nolwazi oluthile lwe-colloquial Arabic, enxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nabantu baseMudejar. Eye ibaxo phakathi kwe-Hita, ethi yona ibe yinxalenye yendawo engqongileyo.[/su_note]
isini sefonti
KuMaría Rosa Lida de Malkiel, iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo inxulumene ne-autobiography kunye nohlobo lwesiHebhere lwamagamat. Eyayilandela inxulumene ngqo neNcwadi yoNyolo ngumbhali uYosef ben Meir ibn Sabarra, ngokuchanekileyo kwi-n. 1140.
Ngapha koko, igxininisa kwizinto ezingalunganga ezijolise ikakhulu kuncwadi lwesiArabhu kunye nolwazi oluncinci lwemibhalo yesiHebhere. Yintoni ebonisa ukuba umbhali wayengazi malunga nezi nkcubeko kwaye ingancinci malunga noncwadi lwazo. Ewe, uRuiz akazange agqithe ngaphaya kwemisebenzi yobuKristu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iGybbon Monypenny igxininisa imiba ehambelana noshicilelo lwe-Libro de Buen Amor, eyenziwa kwi-1984. Isekelwe kwi-autobiography eneempawu zothando lwesiFrentshi.
Apho unokubona ukufana kwayo nokusebenza kunye neVoir Dit kaGuillaume de Machaut. Oku kuphinda kubekho umzekeliso ofanayo, obonisa iingoma ezithile zeengoma.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, kwafunwa ukudibanisa iNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo kunye nezibongo zothando, eziye zafana nee-adventures ezinomdla. Evumela ukuba imibongo yeengoma yenze unxulumano oluthe ngqo nalo msebenzi.
Ukongeza koku, kukho iimbongi ezifana noNicole de Margival kunye noDit de la Panthére obonisa izinto ezifana nomsebenzi. Apho kubhekiselwa kuthando olukhoyo phakathi koothixo kunye neemvakalelo ezinokubonwa ngaphakathi kombongo njengoko kwakunjalo kuAdam de la Halle.
Ngokufanayo, iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo icaphula i-autobiographies yothando, ehambelana neengoma zomculo ezifana neFrauendienst, eyapapashwa kwi-1255.
imithombo ebambekayo
Ezinye zisekelwe kumabali emvelaphi yaseMpuma angeniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiArabhu yePeninsula, njengoko kunjalo ngeCalila kunye neDimna kunye neSendeba. Unokubona kwakhona izicatshulwa ezithile kunye ne-echoes kunye nemeko yeeNdumiso, iiCanonical Hours, Apocalypse, Saint Gregory Omkhulu kunye neNcwadi kaYobhi. Ngoko ke, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umbhali waphefumlelwa yile mibhalo.
ukugxekwa
Kubagxeki ngokubanzi, iNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo inxulumene nama-comedies aneempawu ze-elegiac, uDe Vetula kunye noPamphilus. Apho abalinganiswa babalisa izigigaba zothando ngemibongo ebaliswa kwiziqendu ezimele abantu.
Ngokufanayo uPamphilus uthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwimibhalo yeNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo, apho umbhali ofanayo ebonisa ukuba isiqephu apho kuvela khona imeko kunye noDon Melón kunye noDoña Endrina, umboniso we-Latin comedy.
Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba ababingeleli abahambelana namaXesha Aphakathi bafuna ukubalisa iintshumayelo zabo ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obusekelwe kwizinto ezinomtsalane ezisekelwe ekufundiseni.
Ke ngoko, uJuan Ruiz, ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphoxayo kwaye kwangaxeshanye engacacanga, usekwe kwiintshumayelo ezaziqhutywa kwixesha eliphakathi. Ukwenza oko kumntu wokuqala, ukwenza kube lula kubafundi ukungena ebalini.
Umbongo weLyric
[su_note] KwiNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, umxholo omkhulu onxulumene nemibongo yeengoma ubonisiwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kugxininiswe ukuba umxholo wayo ophambili ngokubhekiselele kwinkcazo yomsebenzi yi-tetrastrophe kunye ne-monorrimo. Yiyo loo nto ubona inani elikhulu lemibongo ekwimo yeevesi eziqaqambisa uthando oluhle. [/su_note]
Ukususela kumaxesha aphakathi, ngakumbi embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwiLibro de Buen Amor, libali lokuqala leengoma zolwimi lweSpanish. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwezixhobo zemibongo ezivela eCastillas zisisiGalician okanye isiPhuthukezi.
Umzekelo omhle wale nto unokubonwa kwintshumayelo ekwimo yeprozi efumaneka ekuqaleni kweNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo.Apho uJuan Ruiz efuna ukuchaza izinto ezikhokelele ekubeni abhale eli bali, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Nika ezinye izifundo kunye nesampuli yokulinganisa kunye ne-rrimar kunye ne-trobar.
Incwadi yothando oluhle, ed. ukusuka eGibbon-Monypenny, ngo-1984, iphe. 110-111.
Ke ngoko, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba iNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo imele izinto ezahlukeneyo zeengoma. Ukubala kwiintlobo zabo, ukuhambelana namazwi ayinxalenye yeCastilian. Apho kwanengoma esekelwe elunqulweni ibandakanyekile, enjengamaculo, imivuyo kwanemithandazo.
Uhlobo
Umbhali, uJuan Ruiz, okwabizwa ngokuba nguMbingeleli Omkhulu wakwaHita, wazibhala njengembongi yokuqala ekwaziyo ukuzazi zonke iindidi ezenza ulwimi lwesiCastilian. Ngoko ke, iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo ibhekisela ngokuthe ngqo kwinkcubeko yabefundisi.
Ngokukwanjalo, iqulethe ulwimi olubanzi, oluthathwa njengoluyilayo nolwahlukeneyo. Oku kuphinda kubonakalise izinto zemihla ngemihla kwaye kulandele ukuntsonkotha ngakumbi, njengoko kunjalo kwimithandazo yecawa. Incwadi yothando olulungileyo ibonisa ukongezwa okukhulu kwisichazi-magama sayo. Ukongeza koku, amagama athile enza intetho yesi-Andalusi yesi-Arabhu eyayisetyenziswa kumaxesha aphakathi inokubonwa.
[su_note] Kwincwadi izithethantonye ezininzi zibonisiwe ezithathwa njengenxalenye kwaye zilawule ukunyusa ingqikelelo. Kwangaxeshanye, ubuchule obuvumela unxulumano oluthe ngqo neentshumayelo lubonakaliswa. Ngomzuzu apho iNcwadi yothando olulungileyo iphetha khona, umbhali wayo ubonisa ukuba nawuphi na umntu unethuba lokongeza okanye ukuguqula uhlobo oluthile lwephutha kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, iqulathe emva koku imeko yokwenza isenzo ngokuchanekileyo.[/su_note]
Isimo sengqondo sikaJuan Ruiz sasichasene ngokupheleleyo nesabanye ababhali belo xesha, ababefuna ukuseka baze babethelele iingcambu imibhalo yabo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngoDon Juan Manuel, omnye umbhali obalasele ngokupheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo, ngawaphi amanani obuciko onokuthi ube nomfanekiso ngqondweni weNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo:
[su_list icon = »icon: check» icon_color = »# 231bec»]
- Ukunciphisa.
- Ngokufanayo, izibhengezo.
- Kwakhona uphindaphindo.
- Imibuzo eyinxalenye yerhetoric.[/su_list]
League
KwiLibro de Buen Amor, ii-f zihlala zigqama kwaye ezimbalwa h zikwaphuphuma ekuqaleni, njengoko kunjalo ngeSpanish esisaziyo namhlanje.
Kwelinye icala, ezinye iiyantlukwano zibonwa ngokunxulumene nesikhamiso sokuqala se-preterite elula fezo kwakunye ne-veno. Nazo eziye zafana nendlela yangoku yefizo kunye newayini.
Ukongeza koku, unokubona iiconsonants d, n, l, ll, r kunye no-z ezihlala zisetyenziswa njenge apocope ka e ezibonakaliswa phantsi kwe pi, vien, val, quier kunye nobuso. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku buza, yiza, kulungile, funa kwaye wenze.
Impembelelo
Incwadi yothando olulungileyo inemibhalo-ngqangi emithathu, engagqibekanga kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Le nkqubo, kwakhona, bubungqina bokuba iNcwadi yoLuthando oluLungileyo yapapashwa kwaye yafundwa ngexesha le-Middle Ages. Ukubonakalisa le meko, de kwafika indaleko ekuyilweni komatshini wokushicilela.
[su_note] Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kukholelwa ukuba inguqulelo eqhekezayo yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine yenziwe, phantsi kolwimi lwesiPhuthukezi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Libro de Buen Amor ithathelwe ingqalelo njenge-repertoire enenani elihle lemibongo. Oku kubonisa ukuba iziqendu zeli bali zinokusasazwa ngemithombo yomlomo iminyaka emininzi.[/su_note]
Ngendlela efanayo, kukholelwa ukuba kukho impembelelo enkulu kwimoto uJuan Ruiz, ukuya kumsebenzi weChaucer. Kuba kukho iingcaphuno ezivela kwincwadi kaJuan Ruiz ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Apho kuxoxwa khona ngeArchpriest yaseTalavera kunye neMarquis yaseSantillana.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, impembelelo eveliswa kuncwadi lweempawu zamva, ilahlekelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo amandla awayenawo kwimbali yeNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo.
[su_note] Ke ngoko, ukwamkelwa ngokufanelekileyo kweNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo ifundwe ngabaninzi. Umzekelo woku ngu-Alan D Deyermond, enikezela ngezimvo zakhe phantsi kwenqaku lakhe, elithi, Ukusasazwa kunye nokwamkelwa kweNcwadi yoThando oluLungileyo, ukusuka ekuqaleni kwayo nombhali uJuan Ruiz ukuya kuAntonio Sánchez, phantsi kobalo-maxesha lwethutyana. Ebonisa izifundo zakhe kuncwadi olwaphawula ipateni kumaXesha Aphakathi.[/su_note]