UPablo Picasso wenza owona msebenzi ukhumbulekayo kwaye owaziwayo njengoko unjalo Abafazi baka-Avignon , kule post yolwazi sikuzisa uhlalutyo olunomdla lwalo mzobo omangalisayo, oqala isimbo se-cubist, ukuphula iiparadigms ezikhoyo kweso sihlandlo kwimbali. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!
Umalunga nantoni umzobo weLes Demoiselles d'Avignon?
Lo mzobo wobugcisa owaziwa ngokuba ngamanenekazi aseAvignon ucebisa isitalato esifumaneka kwisixeko saseBarcelona apho, ngelo xesha kwimbali, kwakukho inani elikhulu lee-nightclub ezaziwa ngokuba ziibrothels.
NguPablo Picasso obonisa le ndlela intsha yokulinga iifom.Kubalulekile ukukuxelela ngeli nqaku ukuba umsebenzi wobugcisa owaziwa ngokuba ngamanenekazi ase-Avignon ngumzobo wepro-Cubist oqalisa inguqu kwezobugcisa ngokuwubonisa.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi, uPablo Picasso wazivumela ukuba aphenjelelwe yimisebenzi yobugcisa eyenziwa nguCézanne, ngokukodwa owaziwayo ngegama elithi Bathers.
Njengemisebenzi ka-El Greco, onomdla kumbono we-Apocalypse, kunye ne-Primitive Art, eyathi yanikezelwa okokuqala kwiMyuziyam yaseTrocadero kwisixeko saseParis, iimaski zaseAfrika ngaphandle kokulibala umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wase-Iberia, owathi kwakhona. inxalenye yeempembelelo ezithathe lo mbhali wobugcisa.
Ngoko ke ezi mbono zasekwa engqondweni kaPablo Picasso kwaye phakathi kwenyanga yeSilimela kunyaka ka-1906 ukuya kwinyanga yeKhala kunyaka ka-1907 lo msebenzi wemifanekiso wazalwa owaziwa ngegama lamanenekazi akwa-Avignon apho uphula imigangatho yobunyani njenge. bubunzulu besithuba kunye nokwakheka komntu.
Ukuqwalaselwa njengomsebenzi we-pre-cubist okanye i-proto-cubism apho i-silhouette yabantu ilawula ngokusetyenziswa kwezibalo zejometri ezicocekileyo ngenjongo yokunika imo entsha yokupenda.
Ewe, umzimba wabasetyhini abahamba ze emsebenzini i-Les Demoiselles d'Avignon yenziwe ngeenqwelo-moya ze-angular kwaye xa uqwalasela umzobo, ukukhubazeka kwabasetyhini kubonakala ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.
Ukuba yindlela yokulumkisa ukuba isifo se-venereal siyingozi kangakanani esichaphazela inani elikhulu labantu kuluntu lwamagcisa kwisixeko saseParis, ngoko ke ukubaluleka kwempembelelo ebonakalayo equlethwe kulo mzobo njengomgaqo wokuziphatha.
Okunye malunga nalo mzobo unomdla
Lo mzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon ubonisa ukuqala kwexesha le-Afrika okanye le-pro-Cubism, kunye no-Pablo Picasso ongoyena ubalaseleyo wale ntshukumo yobugcisa apho i-paradigm ye-Realism yaphukile.
Apho umsebenzi uncitshiswe kwiindiza ze-angular ezingenayo imvelaphi, imbono encinci yendawo, kwaye iifom zichazwe ngokusetyenziswa kwemigca yokukhanya kunye nobumnyama.
Kulo mzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon, ubuso obubini bunokubonwa kunye nenkalo ehambelana ngakumbi ne-cubism kwaye ifana neemaski ezibonakalayo kubugcisa be-Afrika, eyaziwayo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu ngelo xesha kwimbali.
Ngelixa amanani amabini asembindini womsebenzi ayafana neefreyimu zamaXesha Aphakathi kunye nakwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yase-Iberia yamandulo ngenxa yobuso babo, ngelixa umzobo wokuqala owasetyhini obekwe ngasekhohlo unikezela ngeprofayile evuselela imizobo yaseYiputa.
Kuphawulwe kulo mzobo Amantombazana aselula ka-Avignon impembelelo yamaGrike iyaqatshelwa kwimizobo emide ukuba umzobi upeyinta ukongeza kwi-ocher kunye nemibala ebomvu efana nobugcisa baseAfrika ngokwemeko yendalo esingqongileyo ifana kakhulu nomsebenzi. yabahlambi bomzobi waseCezanne.
Ukuze ukwazi ubungakanani bomsebenzi weLas Señoritas de Avignon owenziwe nguPablo Picasso ngenyanga kaJulayi ka-1907 kwaye ulinganisa i-243,9 nge-233,7 centimeters.
Yayingumsebenzi ogxekwa kakhulu ngamanye amagcisa, abaqokeleli kunye nabaculi be-avant-garde bexesha ababengakwazi ukuqonda isalathiso esitsha esithathwa ngulo mculi, kunye nomnye umzobi ogama linguGeorges Braque, ababeza kuqhubeka nomdlalo omtsha we-cubism de kube. kwaqala iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala..
Nangona lo msebenzi wenziwa ngo-1907, wahlala kwi-workshop kaPablo Picasso kwaye waboniswa kuphela kwigalari ye-d'Antin de kwangowe-1916, emva koko wagcinwa kwakhona kwi-studio yakhe kwaye ngo-1925 waboniswa kwi-Museo del Little Palais.
Kamva yathengiswa kwiMyuziyam yoBugcisa bale mihla ekwisiXeko saseNew York kwaye yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo zobugcisa beli ziko. Lo msebenzi wemifanekiso, i-Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, ithathwa njengesiqalo sobugcisa bale mihla kwaye iyinxalenye yobugcisa be-avant-garde yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Imvelaphi yalo msebenzi wobugcisa
Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yalo mzobo malunga namanenekazi ase-Avignon, yayisekelwe kwisifundo seempembelelo zaseSpain apho umbhali womsebenzi wayeqeqeshwe, ngoko ke wayengenakuyihoya i-El Greco kunye nemizobo yaseVelázquez ngaphezu kukaFrancis Goya.
Ke ngoko, i-El Greco yayisisiseko kumzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon ngenxa yecala lombala oza kusetyenziswa, yiyo loo nto kukhankanywa uthando olungcolileyo kuMbono we-Apocalypse.
Ngenxa yeemeko zelishwa, lo msebenzi wawuthengwe ngomnye umzobi ogama lingu-Ignacio Zuloaga ngowe-1897 kwaye kwindibano yocweyo yaseParis uPicasso wayenethuba lokuwufunda nokuwuhlalutya.
Iimpembelelo ezivumeleke ukuba zenze umzobo wabasetyhini abancinci base-Avignon babhekiswa kwimisebenzi eyenziwe nguJean Auguste Dominique Ingres owenza ukuhlamba kweTurkey kwi-1862.
Ukongeza kuPaul Cézanne, ubhekisela ekupheleni kwe-post-impressionism kunye nokuqala kwe-modernism kunye nomsebenzi wakhe uLos Bañistas apho iqela labasetyhini abanqunu abanempembelelo eqingqiweyo libonakala.
Kunokucingwa ukuba ngokuhlonipha ukufa komzobi uCézanne, imisebenzi yakhe yavezwa ngo-1907, eyavelisa ekudalweni komsebenzi wobugcisa ILadies of Avignon, ukuba yinxalenye yeCubism kunye nempembelelo kaCezanne.
Kanye njengokuba wayenomdla kwizinto ezivela kwezinye iinkcubeko ezaziwa ngegama elithi primitive leenkcubeko zase-Iberia kunye ne-sub-Saharan Afrika.
Ewe, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1897. Izifundo zakudala zezi nkcubeko zaziqhutyelwa, eyona nto iphawulekayo yiLa Dama de Elche, ekukholelwa ukuba yenziwe kwiminyaka engamakhulu amane ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu kwaye yafunyanwa ngo-XNUMX.
Amanani amadoda aye ajongwa kunye neempawu apho amanani ejometri abonakala kwaye athatyathwa asiwa kwiMyuziyam yaseLouvre apho enye yezo ntloko yabiwa ngoMatshi ka-1907.
Kuthiwa wayengunobhala we-Apolinaire kwaye yafika ezandleni zikaPablo Picasso, umdali wamanenekazi ase-Avignon, owayenalo ixesha elithile phantsi kwamandla akhe waza wabuyisela.
Enye yeempembelelo zakhe iimaski ezivela eNtshona Afrika, ngoko ke iMyuziyam ye-Trocadero Ethnography yayiyenye iqela elinempembelelo ekudaleni umzobo weLadies of Avignon.
ICubism ivela njani kwimisebenzi yePicasso
UPicasso wamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengelinye lawona magcisa anefuthe langoku enkosi kubuchule bakhe obutsha kwi-cubism, eyindlela yokuguqula ubunyani bomsebenzi opeyintiweyo, ekhaba indlela yemveli yokukhupha imifanekiso enemacala amathathu.
Ngoko ke, uPablo Picasso ubonakaliswe ngokugxininisa imifanekiso ecwecwe kunye ne-dimensional, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zendabuko ezifana nemigca, i-chiaroscuro kunye nemodeli.
Oku kwenziwa ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamanani ngenjongo yokufumana iimbono ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ayenzayo ngokuthe ngcembe ngemizobo ayenzileyo.
Ngokukwanjalo, umbhali wamanenekazi e-Avignon unikezela ngemibala ekhanyayo neqaqambileyo, ekhetha iithowuni ngokuhambelana nokukhanya kwangaphakathi kunye neemilo ezingaqhelekanga ukwenza imifanekiso yamanenekazi amahlanu abonakala ngathi alinganisa iziqwenga zeglasi ezaphukileyo, kubandakanya imilo yejometri kunye nemigca. ngokuthe ngqo.
Ithetha ntoni i-cubism
Njengoko uyazi, i-cubism yintshukumo ye-avant-garde eyaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanani ejometri ngowona mgangatho wayo mkhulu, phakathi kwabo unxantathu, uxande kunye neetyhubhu, injongo yayo yayikukuphula indalo. ukumelwa kunye nokusebenzisa iinqwelomoya ezibekwe phezulu kwisakhelo.
Ngenxa yokuba uLes Demoiselles d'Avignon wadalwa nguPablo Picasso ngowe-1907, lo mhla uthathwa njengesiqalo seCubism, ekubeni ubugcisa baseAfrika bangena emsebenzini wakhe.
Njengomfanekiso-ngqondweni womzobi ongumFrentshi uPaul Cézanne owazalwa ngo-1839 waza wafa ngebhaqo ngowe-1906, xa waqalisa ukwenza umzobo wakhe onomdla.
Esinye sezihloko ezichukunyiswayo kwesi sihloko esinomdla se-cubism yinjongo yokumela i-dimension yesine ngokusetyenziswa kwe-hyperpolyhedra eyinxalenye yeengcamango zexesha lendawo ebonisa ingcamango yobudlelwane obuvezwa nguAlbert Einstein ngonyaka we-1905. .
Ngoko ke, ezi mpawu zikhokelela le ntshukumo entsha, i-cubism, ukuba ibe yimbonakaliso yeplastiki yobugcisa obuvela kumbono onengqondo kunye nohlalutyo oluchasene noko kwakusebala, okwakuxhomekeke kunye neemvakalelo.
Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili ze-cubism sinombono wohlalutyo lwezinto eziza kumelwa kwinqwelomoya apho kungekho mbono okanye ubunzulu bendawo, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu, iisilinda, oonxantathu kunye nee-engile ngaphakathi kwinqwelomoya efanayo. .
Kukho ukhetho lwemigca ethe tye kunye nokusetyenziswa kolunye ubugcisa obufana nekholaji kunye ne-typography, eyayixhaphake kakhulu kwi-surrealism kunye ne-modernism.
Ngokuphathelele isihloko salo msebenzi
Ngokutsho kwedatha yembali kunye nophando, uPablo Picasso wanika isihloko kwimisebenzi yakhe yobugcisa emva kwexesha elithile, kodwa kulo mzobo wawuhluke ngokwee-anecdotes ezichazwe kuyo.
Xa enikezela umsebenzi kubahlobo bakhe, wayengenalo isihloko kwaye kwakungokwengxelo ukuba umhlobo wakhe ogama linguApolinaire wamnika igama elithi Philosophical Brothel.
Omnye wabahlobo bakhe ogama linguAndré Salmon umnika igama elithi Les demoiselles d'Avinyó, eyayisisitrato esikwidolophu yaseBarcelona kwisizwe saseSpain apho kwakukho inani elikhulu lamahenyukazi.
Kuphela ngaba bahlobo babeyazi le ndawo, abaninzi abamsulwa benza ireferensi kwisixeko saseFransi saseAvignon kwaye ngaloo ndlela umzobo uthatha isihloko sawo, owaziwayo namhlanje njengeLadies of Avignon.
Eli qela lincinane labahlobo bakaPablo Picasso labona ukuzalwa kwalo msebenzi Abafazi baseAvignon ababangela ukuba bamangaliswe kwaye bahlekise.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yagcinwa kwisifundo sakhe iminyaka esithoba ngaphambi kokuba iboniswe kumboniso we-1916. Yaphinda yagcinwa kwisifundo sakhe, kwiminyaka esibhozo eyongezelelweyo kamva.
Imizobo ebhekiselele kulo msebenzi wobugcisa
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba uPablo Picasso wayejongene nokwenza imizobo emininzi ngaphambi kokuba akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-canvas kwaye kumanenekazi ase-Avignon wadala ngobuchule beoyile kodwa siya kuchaza kweli candelo lenqaku malunga nemizobo yakhe, ke Qhubeka ufunda kwesi sihloko sinomdla.
Kuthiwa enye yemifanekiso yokuqala yamanenekazi ase-Avignon ayenziwe ngepensile emnyama kunye ne-pastel ephepheni esebenzisa ifomathi ethe tye kwaye imilinganiselo ye-canvas yayiza kuba yincinci, ibeka abalinganiswa abasixhenxe emsebenzini ngokwemizobo.
Ekubeni yayingamabhinqa amahlanu namanene amabini, omnye wabo wayengumfundi kuba wayephethe incwadi enomfanekiso wokakayi ongena kwicala lasekhohlo lomzobo kunye nomatiloshe owayehleli embindini wegumbi lokulala.
Phambi kwalo mntu kwakukho itafile engqukuva apho kwakubonwa ubomi obusahleliyo obuquka iziqwenga ezithathu, iglasi yewayini kunye nevasi eneentyantyambo ezithile.
Ngokomzobo, abafazi basasazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: omnye ngasekunene ongena kwigumbi lokulala aze ashukumise umkhusane ngesandla sakhe.
Elinye inenekazi lihleli phantsi lifulathele, kukho inenekazi elikhapha umatiloshe yaye kumi abafazi ababini. Kulo mzobo kubonakala ngokucacileyo indawo ye-brothel.
imizobo iyaqhubeka
Emva koko omnye wemizobo eyenziwe nguPablo Picasso wenziwa phantsi kobuchule be-watercolor ephepheni, ifana kakhulu nomsebenzi wokugqibela apho amanani angamadoda anyamalalayo, eshiya amanani amahlanu amabhinqa awaziwayo kumzobo we-Avignon ladies.
Inkosikazi ebihleli emqolo ihlala iyafana kodwa ngoku ijika intloko ngelixa isemqolo ukuze ijonge ababukeli bomzobo. Ngokuphathelele umfazi ohambisa umkhusane ngesandla sakhe, uqhubeka kwindawo efanayo kwaye umfundi uthatyathwa ngomnye umfazi ohamba nowokuqala.
Ngokubhekiselele kubomi obuqhubekayo, kuboniswa ngaphambili kwaye i-vase eneentyantyambo ayisekho kulo mzobo wesibini kwaye ithatha imibala yomsebenzi oza kuboniswa, ukongeza, ingcamango ye-brothel ayisekho njengoko kuchaziwe. njengokuba kumzobo wokuqala kunye nenenekazi ngalinye Uyi-protagonist kumsebenzi wamanenekazi amancinci ase-Avignon.
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza le mizobo, umculi uPablo Picasso kwafuneka enze imizobo yomntu ngamnye wabalinganiswa abaza kuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi weLadies of Avignon.
Ukufunda ubukhulu beentloko zabo, imizimba, imilenze, iingalo, ubuso babo bobabini ukusuka ngaphambili kunye neprofayili, kwaye la maphepha agcinwe ukuze afunde malunga nobugcisa bomzobi oyedwa.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi abafazi abancinci baseAvignon
Lo mzobo wobugcisa wabasetyhini abancinci baseAvignon uhlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu kwaye unqunyelwe ngumkhusane. La manani amahlanu amabhinqa abekwe kwindawo engafanelekanga kuba izithunzi okanye izibane azibonwa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwemibala eyahlukeneyo efana ne-ocher, emhlophe, ebomvu kunye neblues.
Kuyabonakala kulo mzobo we-Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ukuba abafazi ababini kwiziko babekwe ngumzobi ukuba basibone ukusuka phezulu, kuba balinganisa ukuba bemile kodwa balele kwaye oku kwaziwa ngesikhundla. iingalo ezisemva kwentloko imibala yayo ayomelelanga kangako.
Omnye ugqume inxalenye yethanga lakhe ngelaphu, eshiya isini sakhe ukuba sibonakale, kwaye lowo uhamba naye ugqunywe ngelaphu, isinqe kunye namalungu akhe angasese, axhokonxa ukujonga ngelaphu.
Yintoni echaphazelekayo kulo msebenzi, i-Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, yimizila ephukileyo yekhethini emacaleni e-canvas, okwenza ukuba umbukeli akhangele ngaphandle komzobo.
Kwicala lasekunene kukho ubungqina bokungalingani komzimba ngokubhekiselele kubukhulu bentloko kunye nesiqu senkosikazi, ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo ye-cubism.
Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwalo mzobo malunga namanenekazi ase-Avignon kukusetyenziswa kweemaski zaseAfrika kwaye la manenekazi mabini, omabini la mabhinqa ayenomqolo ajika ngokukhawuleza ejika intloko yakhe ngama-degrees angama-180 kwaye esibonisa ubuso bakhe ngenye yezi maski. elinye inenekazi elime ecaleni kwakhe.
Kwicala lasekhohlo lalo msebenzi, abafazi abancinci base-Avignon, sinokubona inenekazi kwiprofayili kwaye ubuso bakhe bubonisa ubugcisa be-Iberia kunye namabele akhe ancitshiswe kwimilo yejometri, ngokukodwa unxantathu.
Ingathi igqunywe ngelaphu elipinki elicekethekileyo elimgqume ukusuka egxalabeni ukuya esinqeni, limshiya phandle isifuba nemilenze.
Ekupheleni komzobo, ubomi obusahleliyo bubonwa, olwenziwa ngephini, iidiliya, ipere kunye neapile, ukubonelela ngesimboli esithi umsebenzi wobugcisa ngokusetyenziswa kwemigca etyebileyo, ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi unokubonwa ukusuka kumanqaku ahlukeneyo. yokujonga kwaye ezi ziqhamo zinikezelwa kubathengi abangababukeli bomsebenzi.
Kuyabonakala kulo mzobo wabasetyhini abancinci base-Avignon imvelaphi ayibalulekanga kwaye iingubo zibonakala zixhonywe phezulu, ivolumu iyanyamalala.
Isitayela sokupeyinta iDemoiselles d'Avignon
Kuyabonakala kulo mzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon ukuba i-pre-cubism yintshukumo enkulu ye-avant-garde yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iphula i-paradigm yobugcisa kwimbali kwaye ngenxa yempembelelo yomzobi we-post-impressionist ogama linguPaul Cézanne, ngokukodwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuhlamba.
Ngokutsho kolu hlalutyo, kubonakala ukuba abafazi baseAvignon. UPablo Picasso ukhulelwa ulwimi lweplastiki ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbono ongokomfanekiso usebenzisa izinto zejometri.
Ukongeza kwi-superimposition yeenqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu ofanayo, njengemeko yamehlo ajonge umbukeli ukusuka ngaphambili kodwa impumlo ikwiprofayili, iphula isithethe sobugcisa sasentshona.
Ngokumalunga nomthamo womsebenzi weLes Demoiselles de Avignon, uyancitshiswa kunye nobunzulu bendawo, ekubeni ibeka imiphezulu, inika umthamo kuphela kwinto enomdla wokugqamisa ngokusebenzisa ubuchule be-chiaroscuro.
Ngenjongo yokunika umbala kumsebenzi wabasetyhini base-Avignon, uPablo Picasso ukhetha i-palette e-opaque yemibala evumela uluntu ukuba lunikele ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha zegraphic.
Njengoko kunjalo ngomgca, iifom, ii-angles kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-moya ngumdwebi, ukuphulwa kwe-paradigm yendabuko yobugcisa eyaziwayo kude kube ngoko.
Lo mzobo wobugcisa kunye nexesha edalwe ngalo
Lo msebenzi wamanenekazi ase-Avignon owenziwe nguPablo uphawula ngaphambili nasemva kwibala lokupeyinta kuba ngaphambi kokuba lo msebenzi udalwe ngo-1903 waboniswa kwi-Autumn Salon.
Apho amagcisa aselula aqhankqalazela imfundo ngemisebenzi yawo, ngoko ngo-1906 uCézanne wasweleka kwaye indawo yomboniso eyaziwa ngokuba yiGumbi laseAutumn iphinda isetyenziswe ukuhlonipha eli gcisa libuyela emva.
Ukudala lo msebenzi, uPablo Picasso wagxekwa ngokukrakra ngenxa yokuba waxelelwa ukuba wenze intlekisa yobugcisa bale mihla ngokudala amanenekazi ase-Avignon, apho wagqiba ekubeni ayigcine kwisitudiyo sakhe.
Emva kweminyaka emininzi ivezwa njengomsebenzi omele i-cubism yangaphambili kwaye esi simbo saqalwa kwizandla zeBraque ukongeza kwinguqulelo yokwenziwa kweJuan Gris.
Ngaphandle kokungahoywa ukuqwalasela iimaski zaseAfrika ezivela eCongo okanye e-Ivory Coast kwaye zaziswa kwilizwekazi laseYurophu yi-anthropologists kwaye yaziswa kubugcisa kunye nokudweba ukuguqulwa kungekhona nje kwimisebenzi yePicasso kodwa nakwiBrancusi, Matisse. , Derain okanye Braque.
Ke ngoko, amandla kunye nokutsha kobu bugcisa baseAfrika kwabonwa, okwaviwa ngamagcisa anamhlanje, apho abafazi baka-Avignon ngabasetyhini, bebonisa ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kunye nesicwangciso esitsha sobuhle ebusweni babo.
Aba bafazi babini babonisa le mizobo yaseAfrika ebusweni babo kwaye lowo uhleli ngomqolo ujika wasijonga, sinokubona ingalo enkulu ngokumalunga nomzimba wakhe, ovumela inkululeko yeefom xa ezibonakalisa kumzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon.
Ngokubhekiselele kubomi obusahleliyo, luphawu olumanyanisa obutsha kunye noludala kubugcisa, kuba ubomi obusekho yiGolden Age ngelixa uCézanne eqala indlela entsha yokupeyinta kwilaphu ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
I-Picasso inikezela ngomxholo omdala wobugcisa, ubunqunu, kodwa kwimbono eyahlukileyo, ekubeni iimilo ezithambileyo nezijikelezileyo ezazixhaphake kwimizimba yabasetyhini kwaye zidalwe nguVelázquez, iGoya kunye neTiti zatshintshwa ngeemilo ezigcwele ii-angles kunye neflethi.
Ukukhangela ireferensi kubugcisa be-Romanesque yaseYurophu kunye nobugcisa baseAfrika, ukwaphula i-paradigm yembono, ukulawula ukujonga ubuso kwiimbono ezimbini: icala kunye nangaphambili.
Ukuqhawula kunye nesithethe sasentshona ngolu hlobo lutsha
Ngokuphathelele lo mzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon, umdla womzobi ekucimeni isithethe saseNtshona ubonwa ngokubeka iisilhouette zabafazi abahlanu kwindawo engayi ndawo.
Ivuselela i-eroticism ngobundlobongela obubonakalayo, yiyo loo nto emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala u-André Breton uyazi umsebenzi owenziwe nguPicasso.
Ukuqaphela kulo mzobo wamanenekazi ase-Avignon umsebenzi ogqwesileyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uBreton wayeyinkokeli ye-surrealism kwaye wabona isoyikiso sokungazi nto kulo mzobo wobugcisa, kuba utshintshe ubugcisa kanye njengoko uAlbert Einstein watshintsha isayensi ngovavanyo lwakhe lwefiziksi. .
Kwasemncinci kakhulu uPablo Picasso wabonisa italente egqwesileyo kwezobugcisa kwaye wathatha ithuba loqeqesho lwakhe kuba utata wakhe ngutitshala wobugcisa kunye nokuzoba kwiSikolo saseSan Telmo. Ke kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithathu lo mculi wabhaliswa kwiSikolo soBugcisa saseLa Loja kwisixeko saseBarcelona.
Wade wafunda nakwiRoyal Academy of Fine Arts yaseSan Fernando kwisixeko esilikomkhulu laseMadrid Ngo-1900 wafudukela eParis apho wagcina unxibelelwano olukhulu nehlabathi lobugcisa nokupeyinta.
Enye ingongoma ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwimbali kukuba uPablo Picasso wayelijoni elithembekileyo leQela lamaKomanisi laseFransi de kwasekufeni kwakhe, awayeyonwabela kunye nobomi bakhe bobugcisa. Ukuba ngamanenekazi amancinci aseAvignon umzobo omele i-cubism kwaye uthathe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kubugcisa bale mihla.
Isiphelo malunga neMademoiselles d'Avignon
Lo msebenzi ukhankanywa yimbali njengencopho yesi simbo esitsha esaziwa ngokuba yi-cubism apho uPicasso, njengeBraque, bebengamanduleli kwesi simbo sitsha, beguqula imithetho emalunga nembono.
Iimilo zezinto ziye zancitshiswa zaba tyaba iimilo zejometri ngenjongo yokwenza indlela yengqondo nengenamvakalelo kwizinto eziyinyani ezibonwayo.
Amanenekazi ase-Avignon amele amahenyukazi amahlanu ahamba ze kwindawo yokuthengisa iihenyukazi kufutshane nesixeko saseBarcelona, ebangela umdla xa wawuboniswa okokuqala eParis ngenxa yomhlobo kaPicasso.
Kuba imele ukwaliwa koluntu oluphakathi kunye nezithethe zemveli ngokwamkela inkululeko yezesondo ngobugcisa bale mihla obubeka i-cubism.
Emva kwale mpendulo ilusizi eluntwini, uPablo Picasso ugqibe kwelokuba ayishiye kwistudiyo sakhe de kube ngumboniso omtsha kwiminyaka yamashumi amabini emva koko ithengwe yiMyuziyam yezobuGcisa bale mihla kuba kweli ziko sisiqwenga sexabiso elikhulu leli gcisa.
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba lo msebenzi, uLas Demoiselles de Avignon, akazange aqaphele kulo mboniso wokuqala kuba iindwendwe ezininzi zazicinga ukuba ngumsebenzi ombi kwaye ukungenelela kwabantu abafana noBregón noAragón kwakufuneka ukuba lo msebenzi uthengelwe nguJacques Doucet. ngowe-1921.
Ngomnyaka we-1937 lo msebenzi malunga namanenekazi ase-Avignon waboniswa kwakhona kumboniso wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ngo-1939 wayithengisa kwi-MOMA ngexabiso lamashumi amabini anesibhozo amawaka eedola apho lo msebenzi ukhoyo ngoku. Kuthiwa kamva kwabhalwa umdlalo onesihloko esifanayo.
Ngokutsho kophando, kuthiwa lo msebenzi awuzange ugqitywe nguPicasso, ushiye ungagqitywanga ngenxa yokungabikho kobumbano olusemthethweni emsebenzini kwaye wavumela umdwebi ukuba avule indlela yokunyakaza kweCubism.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku linomdla, ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele amakhonkco alandelayo: