Isibhakabhaka sasebusuku siye sabangela umdla kuluntu kangangeenkulungwane, ngaphandle kokucinga indlela ebenomtsalane ngayo kubafundi benzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, Iinkwenkwezi Zingaphezu kwezigidi zeenkwenkwezi ezintle, ngenxa yamakroza sinokufunda okuninzi ngendalo iphela nangomnyele ongaphaya.
Ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi lwetekhnoloji entsha, yeendlela zokuzonwabisa ezifana ne-cinema, i-intanethi, umabonakude, njl. Isibhakabhaka namakroza a umboniso wasebusuku, ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba kumaxesha amandulo amakroza ayenceda oomatiloshe kulwandlekazi olumnyama ukuba bafike kwindawo abakuyo, ngoku iyanceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukufumanisa imfihlelo eyifihlayo.
Ngaphambili sasingenazo izixhobo eziphucukileyo ezifana nekhampasi okanye iGPS, sineenkwenkwezi, iinkwenkwezi zinokusinceda ngendlela esimele ngayo kuba iphawula umgama, icala nendlela emasiwuhambe. Emhlabeni, ukwazi ukuba iphi na indawo, sinika i-latitude (elingana nomgama phakathi kwe-North Pole kunye ne-South Pole) kunye ne-longitude (ngumgama ophakathi kweMpuma neNtshona). Ngokufanayo kukho izithunywa zezulu kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi-Declination (ifana ne-latitude yoMhlaba) kunye ne-Right Ascension (elingana ne-earth longitude).
Yintoni amaQela?
Ikroza yiseti yeenkwenkwezi ezikwidome yesibhakabhaka ezikufutshane ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinike inkangeleko yentelekelelo yomzobo Dome celeste. Ikroza ke ngoko lithathwa ngokuba yi-asterism (ngumfanekiso ophawuleka ngakumbi kwiinkwenkwezi ezikhazimlayo).
Unokufunda kwakhona. . . IIMIELELE, IIFOMU ZAZO EZINYOBEKILEYO KWANYE NEYONA MIDLALO YAYO EQHELEKILEYO..
Esibhakabhakeni, i iinkwenkwezi Ikroza zikude lee enye kwenye kodwa zihlanganiswe ngokwamanani, kwaye ikroza alinamgama onokulinganiselwa. Amakroza asentshona aphinda adityaniswa abe ngamacandelo amabini, ahlula isibhakabhaka ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokulandela i-hemispheres yomhlaba, isibhakabhaka esisemazantsi ukuya emazantsi kunye nesibhakabhaka esingasentla ukuya emantla.
Mangaphi amakroza akhoyo?
Kukho amakroza angama-88 aphononongwayo agcina amagama awo asentsomini, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, ngokucacileyo, uninzi lwazo. amakroza aziwayo azisamkelwa ngokusemthethweni. Lilonke, amagama angama-17 amaqhawe asentsomini, izinto ezingama-29 kunye nezilwanyana ezingama-42, zemvelaphi yakudala neyanamhlanje. Ewe, zibandakanya iAndromeda, Aquila, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Cancer, Capricornus, Cassiopeia, Centaurus, Columba, Coma Berenices, Corvus, Cygnus, Delphinus, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Pegasus, Serpens, Taurus, Ursa Maior kunye neVirgo.
Awona Makroza Abalaseleyo
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ibhere enkulu
(I-Ursa Major okanye i-Ursa Major) yenye yezona zinkulu kwaye kulula ukuchonga phakathi kwe Iinkwenkwezi ezijikelezayo, The Great Bear ine 8 stars: Alioth (ε UMa), Dubhe (α UMa), Alkaid (η UMa), Mizar (ζ UMa), Merak (β UMa), Phad (γ UMa), ψ UMa, Tania Australis (μUMa ), Talitha Borealis (ιUMa).
Kwelinye icala, kwiBhere elikhulu kukho ezimbini iminyele ezibalulekileyo eziphethe inombolo ye-M81 (i-Bode Galaxy) kunye ne-M102 (i-Pinwheel Galaxy).
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ibhere encinci
(I-Ursa Minor okanye i-Ursa Minor) yenziwa ziinkwenkwezi ezisi-7 kwaye ikroza linemilo eyandulela i-Great Bear kodwa encinci, ikhanya ibuthathaka. Iinkwenkwezi ezinika ubomi kweli kroza zezi: Inkwenkwezi yePolar (α UMi), Kocab (β UMi), Pherkad (γ UMi), ε UMi, 5 UMi, Alifa Al Farkadain (ζ UMi).
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Inyoka
Ngenye ye88 Amakroza del cielo, elesibhozo ngokomfanekiso. Iqulunqwe kukuqhubeka ixesha elide kweenkwenkwezi ezihamba kunye nenxalenye ye-Little Bear. Omabini amaBhere anxibelelana nomsila wekroza leNkwenkwezi. Iinkwenkwezi zeli qela zibizwa ngokuba nguThouban (α Dra), (β Dra), Etamin (γ Dra), Altais (δ Dra), Edasich (ι Dra), Giansar (λ Dra). I-Dragon isonga i-Little Bear ebotshelelwe inkwenkwezi yeVega.
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ICassiopeia
(Cassiopeia) Ibekwe kwindawo echaseneyo neNkwenkwezi eNkulu kwaye, kwelinye icala leNkwenkwezi yePolaris, sibona isigebenga esibonakala ngokulula «W» esicanda kwiMilky Way, iinkwenkwezi ezi-5 Iqela leenkwenkwezi zeCassiopeia. Inkwenkwezi ephambili yeCassiopeia ibizwa ngokuba nguShedir (α Cas), iCaph (β Cas), γ Cas, Rucnbach (δ Cas), ε Cas. I-Cassiopeia ibonakala kwi-hemisphere esemantla.
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cephee
(uCepheus) Phakathi kwe Iinkwenkwezi zaseCassiopeia kunye nenamba nguCéphée. Eli kroza alicacanga ncam kodwa likwenza ucinge ukuba ngumzobo womntwana ofuzisela indlu encinci enophahla. Inkwenkwezi ephambili yeCéphée ibizwa ngokuba nguAlderamin (α Cep), Alfirk (β Cep), Errai (γ Cep). UCéphée yinkwenkwezi etyhafileyo, inkosikazi yakhe uCassiopeia iqaqambe ngakumbi. 
Sazi njani ukuba yeyiphi inkwenkwezi ekufutshane kuthi?
Ewe, ngumbuzo onzima kakhulu ukuwuphendula, ibisoloko iyinto enkulu yabaphengululi benzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nomdla omkhulu woluntu. Kanye njengokuba iimephu zomhlaba zifuna ukuphakama, kunjalo imephu ye Amakroza ayinakuxela ukuba zisondele kangakanani okanye zikude kangakanani iinkwenkwezi, nangona kwikroza zisenokubonakala zisondelelene okanye ziqelelene.
Unokufunda kwakhona. . . UNYAKA WE-SOLAR KUNYE NEMPUMELELO YAWO EMHLABENI NOKWENZIWA NGEenkwenkwezi.
Nangona okokuqala isixhobo a isazi ngeenkwenkwezi eyona nto i-parallax, le nto ikhona kakhulu ebomini bethu xa sihamba ngemoto, izinto ezikufutshane nathi zibonakala zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeentaba ezikude ukusuka kwindawo yethu yokujonga, zibonakala ngathi zihamba ngokukhawuleza. tyibilika kancinci kancinci.
Ingqondo yethu iyaziqulunqa ukuze yazi ukuba kukho into ekhawulezileyo okanye ekude. Ukuba senza umfuniselo ngomnwe wethu ugxininise kwindawo egxininiswe ngeso lasekhohlo, sinokubona ukuba umnwe wethu uhambelana nenqaku elimiselweyo, kodwa ukuba sigxininise ngeso lethu lasekunene siyaqaphela ukuba indawo yethu yokugxila ayilungelelaniswanga, xa vula amehlo omabini, ngexesha lokwenyani, isibonisa ilizwe elinalo imvakalelo yobunzulu, kwimilinganiselo emithathu.
Ayibobuxoki ukuba kuxhomekeke apho sikhoyo, kubonakala ngakumbi kwiliso lomntu, kodwa, kwi amaxesha onyaka zonyaka abakhululwa koku.
Iintlobo ezi-4 zeenkwenkwezi.
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Iinkwekwezi zasekwindla.
Bona iinkwenkwezi ingakumbi ebonakalayo ekwindla xa i ixesha lasehlotyeni. IAndromeda likroza lasekwindla, lincinci kunommelwane walo uPegase, nguye oqulathe igalari kufutshane noMhlaba kwaye kusekwindla apho eli kroza libonwa ngcono.
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Ienkwenkwezi zasebusika.
Bonke abachongiweyo iqela leenkwenkwezi Ikhweyitha yeOrion phakathi kwazo ezona nkwenkwezi ziqaqambileyo zenza uxande olukhulu ngokudibanisa iinkwenkwezi ezintathu ezilungelelanisiweyo nezingabamelwane. Indawo kwindawo isibhakabhaka sasebusika ibonelelwa ngumfanekiso obizwa ngokuba yiWinter Hexagon, enemigangatho yinkwenkwezi uCapella, Aldebaran, Rigel, Sirius.
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Iinkwekwezi zaseNtwasahlobo.
Ngexesha lexesha lentwasahlobo, unxantathu othile owenziwe yinkwenkwezi yeArcturus ye Inkwenkwezi yeBouvier, Spica de Virgo kunye neRegulo del León, iya kunceda umbukeli ukuba afumane indlela yakhe esibhakabhakeni
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Iinkwenkwezi zasehlotyeni.
Ngexesha elishushu, iqela lesilivere leMilky Way likhokela ukukhangela okuncomekayo kwamakroza. Kwi-hemisphere esemantla, siza kuqala sihlolisise iqela leenkwenkwezi ezibizwa ngokuba ngunxantathu wokuqhelaniswa nehlobo, ngenxa yezi zintathu. iinkwenkwezi kukhanya ngakumbi ukuba, kwi-hemisphere esemantla, ezokuqala zivela phakathi kukaJuni noSeptemba, ukusuka kubusuku obuwileyo.
Singatsho ukuba Iinkwenkwezi Ivumela ukuba sazi kancinci malunga nehlabathi lethu kwaye inkwenkwezi nganye ifihla iimfihlakalo ezininzi ezilindeleke ukuba zityhilwe zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwixesha elifutshane.
Ungaphinda uthanda… UKUVUMISA NGEZINKANYE, IINKOLELO OKANYE ISAYENSI? INGXOXO UKUSUSELA EKUQALENI KWEXESHA