Yintoni iMilky Way?
I-Milky Way ngumnyele wethu, oko kukuthi, umnyele apho ummandla wethu wezijikelezi-langa ukhoyo.
Kodwa sikude ukuba sodwa kolu kwakheka kwegalaksi, enyanisweni, siyindawo nje enye engaphantsi kwedesimali kuluhlu olumangalisayo lweenkwenkwezi.
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, inyambalala yezazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nabakhi-mkhanya baye bazama ukukhanyisa ubume bokwenyani kunye iimpawu ze-milky way, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, akukhange kube lula kwaphela.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kuye kwenzeka ukuba kuqaliswe ukuqokelela idatha engqinisisekayo kwiingcamango ezahlukeneyo ezinento yokwenza nomgaqo-siseko wayo, imilinganiselo, inani leenkwenkwezi, ubudala, inkqubo yokwakheka, ukufuduka, njl.
Kweli nqaku, sizimisele ukukuxelela, ngendlela eyonwabisayo neneenkcukacha, yonke into esiyaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngeMilky Way, umbandela obangel’ umdla ngokwenene kuye nawuphi na umthandi wenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi nendalo iphela.
IGalaxy yethu inkulu kangangokuba inabela kumaqela amathathu eenkwenkwezi: iPerseus, iCassiopeia kunye neCepheus. Ienkwenkwezi zaseMzantsi?
Masiqale ngeyokuqala: Ngaba uyazi ukuba kutheni ibizwa kumnyele we-milky way?
Imbali yeMilky Way
Uyazi kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-milky way umnyele wethu?
Ukuba siyithelekisa namagama ezinye iinkwenkwezi, igalaksi kunye nokwakheka kwegalaksi, Indlela ye-milky Ngokwenene kuvakala njengegama elihlekisayo. Kodwa kukho ibali emva kolu bhaptizo lukhethekileyo, olunokucacisa yonke into.
Igama leMilky Way, njengamanye amagama amaninzi anxulumene nezinto ze-cosmic ezaziwa emntwini, linemvelaphi kwiGrisi yaMandulo, apho lalingumxholo wezifundo ezininzi kunye nenani elikhulu leengcinga malunga nobume bayo bokwenyani (ezinye zihlekisayo).
Noko ke, eyona ngcamango iphumeleleyo yaphakanyiswa yingcali yezibalo nesithandi sobulumko Idemokhrasi kwi Ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC, malunga neminyaka engama-600 ngaphambi kokuba uPtolemy, esona sazi ngeenkwenkwezi samaGrike sidumileyo embalini, azalwe.
UDemocritus ucebise ukuba ukumila okude, nombala ophaphathekileyo, obonakala ngokungathandabuzekiyo njengokuchaphaza kobisi oluchitheke esibhakabhakeni, ngokwenene yayiyindalo yeenkwenkwezi eziqokelelwe ndawonye, kodwa zazikude kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu kangangokuba zazingenako ukwahlula iliso leze.
Njengoko unokucinga, isindululo sikaDemocritus savakala singenakwenzeka kuluntu lwenzululwazi ngelo xesha, ngakumbi kuba umfanekiso weMilky Way wawunentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kwiintsomi zabo.
Kwakungekho de kwayinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe UGalileo Galilei ibonwe ngeteleskopu yokuqala kwaye yakwazi ukuxhasa iithiyori zikaDemocritus ngokuqinisekileyo, iqaphela ukuba ukufiphala okumhlophe esibhakabhakeni ngokwenene liqela leenkwenkwezi kwaye enye yijethi yobisi.
I-Milky Way yamaGrike: iinkwenkwezi kunye nekhwele lothixokazi
Njengoko sikuxelele, imvelaphi yegama lika Indlela ye-milky Yayinobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nentsomi yamaGrike enomdla, amabali ayo ahlala egcwele inkanuko, umsindo, umnqweno kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezithandwayo zokuziphatha okunokuxoxwa.
Intsomi yamaGrike ejikeleze ukuzalwa kweMilky Way iqala ngomnqweno owaziwayo kayise ka-Olympus, uZeus, kumntu omhle owafayo: Alcmene.
Intsomi ithi uZeus, kwenye yeengoma zakhe zesondo ezaziwayo, waziguqula njengomyeni ka-Alcmene, Umbizi wamqhatha ukuba alale naye, owathi wammithisa umntwana owayeza kubizwa IHeracles (Ewe, amandla afanayo aphezulu eHercules).
Ebona ukuba, nangona oku, umntwana wazalwa engonzakalanga, uHera wathumela iinyoka ezimbini ezinobuthi ukuba zibulale umntwana, kodwa uHeracles, njenge-demigod elungileyo, wayekhuselekile kwityhefu waza wagqiba ukukrwitsha iinyoka ngezandla zakhe.
Emva kwexesha elithile, uHera ekugqibeleni wamkela inkohliso kwaye wayeka ukuzama ukubulala iintsana.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uHeracles wakhula engonelisekanga ngemeko yakhe njengomntu ongumntu kwaye waqala ukuziqinisekisa ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokufumana ubuthixo obupheleleyo kukutya ngokuthe ngqo esifubeni sikathixokazi uHera ngokwakhe.
Ngoko, intsomi ithi uHeracles wenyuka efihliweyo e-Olympus waza wondla kwisifuba sikaHera ngelixa elele. Eyibona loo nto, lo thixokazi ngequbuliso uyashenxa elusana, olwaluncanca ngamandla amakhulu.
AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba ijethi yobisi eyayibangelwa yiloo mpama yayinkulu kangangokuba yenza indawo ende nemhlophe esibhakabhakeni ebusuku yaye aqalisa ukuyibiza loo ndawo. Indlela yobisi.
Nangona intsomi ibonakala ihlekisa, yayibaluleke kakhulu kumaxesha amandulo ukuba igama liyaqhubeka lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kumnyele wethu, nanamhlanje.
UMilky Way kubantu baseScandinavia
IiVikings zaseNorway, iSweden kunye neDenmark azizange ziyijonge indawo emhlophe esibhakabhakeni, eneneni, inokubonwa ngokucacileyo ukusuka kumantla e-hemisphere emhlabeni ngobusuku obucacileyo, ngakumbi phakathi kwenyanga ka-Aprili no-Agasti.
AmaNorse ayekholelwa ukuba iMilky Way yayiphawula indlela yokuba imiphefumlo ifikelele kwelo Valhalla emva kokuba befile, apho u-Odin wayeza kubamkela ngetheko lokubhiyozela amadabi abo.
Loluphi uhlobo lomnyele oyiMilky Way?
I-Milky Way ngumnyele ojikelezayo, elona candelo liphambili kukugxininiswa kothuli lweenkwenkwezi kunye neegesi, ngaphandle kokubala amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeenkwenkwezi kunye neeplanethi ezizenza ziphelele.
Ubume bayo bobungqukuva, obulawulwa yinucleus, apho umzimba omile okwehalo wahlulwe, owenziwe zizinto zawo ezininzi (uthuli lwasemajukujukwini, iiplanethi, iinkwenkwezi kunye nezinye iindawo ezisemajukujukwini); Ekugqibeleni, ezi cwecwe zifunyenwe, zenziwe ziingalo ezine ezinika umnyele wethu ukumila okungqukuva: Shield Centaur, Perseus, Sagittarius kunye neSquare.
Ukuzalwa kweMilky Way: Utatomkhulu weminyele
I-Milky Way yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, equka izinto ezininzi, ngaphezu kweenkwenkwezi kunye neeplanethi ezenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zelanga.
Enyanisweni, kukholelwa ukuba eyona nto indala siyaziyo kwi-Milky Way yi-interstellar cloud clusters (i-primordial matter apho iinkwenkwezi zenziwa), kwaye, ngaphezu koko, iyinxalenye evumela ukuba senze uqikelelo malunga nokuba iqale nini ukusekwa kweMilky Way.
Olunye uguquko olusivumela ukuba silinganise iminyaka eqikelelweyo yomnyele wethu ngokusebenza okuthile kukuxinana kwezinto ezihlala ixesha elide zeradioactive kwezona nkwenkwezi zindala zibonwayo, ukuzithelekisa noqikelelo lwamanqanaba oxinzelelo ngexesha lokuzalwa kwazo.
Ngokusekelwe kubalo olwenziwe malunga nale nkcazo-bungcali, namhlanje kuqikelelwa ukuba iMilky Way inamalunga Iminyaka eyi-13.500 yeebhiliyoni ubudala. Midala kakhulu kuneminyele ebonwayo.
Le yinyani enomdla kakhulu!
Ukuba le ngcamango iyinyani, ngoko kuvela ukuba i-galaxy yethu iya kuba yinye yamaqela amadala e-galactic, eneneni, iya kuba yinto endala kunazo zonke kwi-Universe eyaziwayo, eyenza phantse ngexesha lokuzalwa kwe-Universe ngokwayo. , ekubeni kukholelwa ukuba iBig Bang yenzeka kwiminyaka eyi-13.800 yeebhiliyoni eyadlulayo.
Ingakanani iMilky Way?
Asikayazi inyani epheleleyo malunga ne ubukhulu beMilky Way. Into esiyaziyo kukuba iMilky Way ngumnyele omkhulu.
Ukuza kuthi ga kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, bekukholelwa ukuba inobude beminyaka eyi-100.000 yokukhanya, kodwa eyona milinganiselo yale mihla, eyenziwe ngo-2018 yiteleskopu enkulu yeBeijing Astronomical Observatory, iye yawugatya lo mlinganiselo.
Enyanisweni, idisk yeMilky Way ngoku kucingelwa ukuba inkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunoko kwakucingwa ngaphambili, yaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ubukhulu bayo obutsha bungaphezulu nje. 200.000 iminyaka ukukhanya.
Ukwandiswa kwayo ngeekhilomitha lilingana netriliyoni enye enesiqingatha (1.500.000.000.000.000.000 km). Ukuthelekisa, umgama phakathi koMhlaba kunye neLanga yi-147.000.000 km.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi datha azibonakali ziphelele kwaye iinkcazo zamva nje zibonise ukuba kunokubakho ubukho beenkwenkwezi ngaphandle kwemida eqikelelweyo yediski yomnyele, ngoko inokuba nkulu ngakumbi kunokuba sicinga.
Inobunzima obulingana nama-700.000 ezigidi zelanga.
Uhlolisiso olwenziwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi uGwendolyn Eadie lubonisa ukuba umnyele wethu unezinto ezininzi. Lilonke, kucingelwa ukuba, ukongeza iinkwenkwezi, iinkwenkwezi kunye nazo zonke iiplanethi, iMilky Way inokuqulatha ubunzima obungaphezu kwe-700.000 yezigidi zelanga njengeyethu.
umnyele wamazimu
Kuyaziwa ukuba iminyele emininzi ifikelela kwimilinganiselo emikhulu kakhulu ebomini bayo, kwaye ikwenza oko ngendlela enye kuphela: ngokutya kweminye iminyele esezantsi.
I-Milky Way kukholelwa ukuba ngomnye wabo, umnyele omkhulu, kunye ne-gravitational pulls enamandla kangangokuba iyakwazi ukufunxa kwiinkqubo ezincinci zegalaksi ezenza impazamo yokusondela ngokwaneleyo.
Le nkcazo-bungcali isekelwe kubude bobomi bomnyele wethu, nawo mkhulu kakhulu kunezinye esinokuziqwalasela eMhlabeni.
Enyanisweni, kukholelwa ukuba ngoxa wawusengumnyele omncinane, kwiminyaka ezigidi ezili-10.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo, iMilky Way yangqubana nomnyele ongaphantsi obizwa ngokuba yiminyele. Gaia-Enceladus, ukubunjwa kwe-galactic eyenziwe ngokukodwa ngeenkwenkwezi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokungafaniyo neyethu, iinkwenkwezi zazo ezindala zi-orenji (njengeLanga lethu).
IMilky Way kunye neAndromeda
Lonke ibali leminyele ye-cannibal inecala eliphantsi kuthi, okanye ubuncinci kwinto eseleyo yoMhlaba kwixesha elizayo: Umnyele wethu ongummelwane kukholelwa ukuba: Andromeda, uya kusiqwenga kwiminyaka emalunga nama-4.000 XNUMX ezigidi.
Hlala ujonge kwicala eliqaqambileyo!
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ungquzulwano phakathi kweminyele emibini emikhulu emidala beluya kwenza inzala yethu ibe nombono ongenakuthelekiswa nanto.
Zingaphi iinkwenkwezi ezikwiMilky Way?
Omnye weyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo ebuzwa ngabantu kumnyele wethu ngulo: Zingaphi iinkwenkwezi ezineMilky Way?
Nangona lo isengumbuzo ukuba izixhobo zethu zingasivumeli ukuba siphendule ngokuchanekileyo, siyazi ukuba impendulo inzima kakhulu.
Inyaniso yeyokuba kukho iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ngakumbi kumnyele wethu kunokuba ufanele ukuba ucinga! Kwanele kuphela ukuthathela ingqalelo imilinganiselo yayo ukumangaliswa kuyo.
Ukubala inani leenkwenkwezi kwiMilky Way ayingomsebenzi olula. Okwangoku kuqikelelwa ukuba iMilky Way iqulethe phakathi kwama-300.000 nama-400.000 ezigidi zeenkwenkwezi, uninzi lwazo lunezixokelelwano zazo zelanga njengezethu.
The Milky Way: Indoda endala enentliziyo emnyama
Ngaphandle kwesalathiso esilusizi, ngokwenene sifuna ukubhekisa kwinucleus apho yonke iMilky Way yenziwa: umngxuma omkhulu omnyama.
Njengakweminye iminyele emininzi ebonwayo, iMilky Way yenze malunga nencam yento exineneyo kangangokuba umngxuma omnyama omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yiMilky Way. Sagittarius a.
Sagittarius A Kukhulu ngokwenene ngokwemigqaliselo yoxinaniso: umbindi womnyele wethu uqikelelwa ukuba unezigidi ezi-4 ubukhulu belanga lethu kwindawo encinci ye-6 yezigidi zeekhilomitha.
Lo mxube wezinto ucinezeleke kakhulu udala into enye kuphela: intsimi yomxhuzulane enamandla kangangokuba iyakwazi ukuginya naliphi na iqhekezana lezinto, ukukhanya kunye nomxhuzulane kwisithuba esiyiminyaka emininzi yokukhanya.
Ungazikhathazi kakhulu ngokutyiwa Sagittarius A! Uqwalaselo olusuka kunyaka ka-2017 lubale ukuba iplanethi yethu ikwiminyaka engama-26.000 yokukhanya ukusuka kumbindi womnyele wethu.
Ecaleni kwenzonzobila
Iminyele ayisasazwanga nje ngokungenamkhethe kwiseyile yendalo iphela, enyanisweni, iminyele iqokelelana kwiindawo esizibiza ngokuba ngamaqela eminyele.
Amaqela eGalactic ahamba esithubeni ngokwemvisiswano enxulumene nombulelo womxhuzulane weminyele eyahlukeneyo engaphakathi kuwo. Kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba eyethu okwangoku ikwimeko exekileyo.
Ndiyabulela kuqwalaselo lweZiko leNzululwazi ngeNkwenkwezi yeYunivesithi yaseHawaii, apho uBrent Tully ephakamisa izinto ezintsha eziye zafunyanwa ngokunxulumene nemephu yendalo yonke, ubonakala efumene into emangalisa ngokwenene.
IMilky Way ibekwe kanye kumda wesithuba esikhulu esingenanto, abathe bagqiba kwelokuba bayibize ngokuba yiLocal Void. Icandelo le-cosmos elingenanto ngokupheleleyo, ukukhanya okanye ubunzima, kunye nolwandiso olukhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukubala.
Nangona ubukho be-Local Void bukwazile ukuba yinxalenye yesivumelwano phakathi kwezazinzulu ezahlukeneyo, akubanganako ukuveza ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nayo kuba ibekwe kwelinye icala lomnyele wethu.
Ukuze siwubone, iiteleskopu zethu beziya kukwazi ukubona ngaphaya kombindi womnyele wethu, apho kukho umngxuma omkhulu omnyama.