URobert Louis Stevenson wayengumbhali wencwadi ethi Treasure Island, eshwankathelwa ngezantsi. Lo mbhali akazange afunde iileta okanye nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi onxulumene neencwadi, kodwa ukuthanda kwakhe ukubhala kuvelisa isiqhamo esihle.
Isiqithi saseTreasure: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi wombhali
I-Edinburgh sisixeko esimangalisayo, ikomkhulu laseSkotlani kumantla eBritish Isle, sisiqalo sababhali ababalaseleyo kunye namagcisa athe aphawula imbali yobukrelekrele boluntu. Enye yazo yenye ibe yintsika ekubunjweni kwabafundi abaninzi ngokuba ngumanduleli womkhwa wokufunda kuzo zonke izizukulwana. Lo nguRobert Louis Stevenson, umbhali weTreasure Island, inoveli ephawule ubuntwana kunye nokufikisa kwezigidi zabantu.
Ude wafaka ngendlela yendalo kakhulu umkhwa wokufunda ngohambo kunye nentsomi. Kukho ababhali abanomtsalane othile kwihlabathi loncwadi kwaye alikho malunga nobuchule, ubunzulu okanye imfezeko esesikweni, singasathethi ke ngobizo olutsha. Olu luphawu olunokuthi nombhali omncinane abe nalo.
Umtsalane yeyona nto ivuselela ubukhoboka bokwenyani kwaye iyakwazi ukuguqula intsomi ibe yimania kwaye enye yeempawu eziphambili zalo Robert Louis njengombhali ngumtsalane wakhe ongaphazamiyo. Wazalwa ngoNovemba 13, 1850 waza wafa eselula kakhulu eneminyaka nje engama-44 ubudala emva kokujamelana nomonakalo wesifo esikhohlakeleyo, eSamoa ngowe-1894.
Waphila iminyaka engama-44 kuphela
Iminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi bakhe kuphela apho wahlala enempilo engagungqiyo, kodwa ngenxa yoko wagula kwaye intsapho yakhe yafudukela kwesinye isixeko. Wachitha ixesha elininzi lobuntwana bakhe kunye nokufikisa kwindawo entsha de waba neminyaka engama-22 okanye engama-24 ubudala. Ngelo xesha amabali amaninzi angeyonyani afundelwa kuye kwaye waqala ukwenza kuye umbono wendalo oza kusetyenziswa kamva kwimisebenzi yakhe.
Ngayo yonke loo mlando awayeyiqokelele ngokufunda kuqala enyanzeliswa kwaye emva koko wakhethwa yedwa, uStevenson wabhala incwadi encinci yemibongo, engumntwana nje. Incwadi ethethiweyo yayingenazo izenzi, yayingenazikhokelo ezifanelekileyo ezifunwa yimibongo kwaye ezinye zazingenamvano-siphelo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi onjalo kamva waba yiklasi yempumelelo engaqhelekanga phakathi kwabantwana abathetha isiNgesi. Yayiyeminye yemibongo ede yaziingoma ezithandwayo ebantwaneni.
Ngaphambi kwendlu awayehlala kuyo uStevenson kwakukho ipaki enkulu yendalo apho wayechitha ixesha lakhe elininzi xa wayedibana nabazala bakhe okanye abahlobo abasondeleyo. Le paki ebizwa ngokuba yi-Queen Street Garden yayinechibi phakathi kwezinto zayo zokuzonwabisa zendalo. Eli chibi liphakathi lalinesiqwenga somhlaba esinemithi emincinane etyalwe kulo.
Esi sangqa sincinci somhlaba sinokuthelekiswa nesiqithi, kwaye abahlalutyi abaninzi kunye nababhali-mbali bathi le yayiyimpembelelo kaRobert Louis ukudala iTreasure Island. Mhlawumbi eso yayisisiqithi sakhe kunye nehlabathi lakhe njengomntwana onomdla wayekholelwa ukuba kukho ubutyebi bakhe obamenza wanenyani ngomsebenzi wakhe woncwadi.
uncwadi lwegothic
URobert Louis Stevenson ungomnye wababhali ababizwa ngokuba ngummeli woncwadi lweGothic kunye ne-romanticism. Wayengumbhali wenoveli, umbhali wamabali amafutshane, imbongi kunye nombhali wezincoko, wayengunyana wosapho lwabakhi belighthouse kwaye oku kumbeka kumgangatho olungileyo wezoqoqosho. Iminyaka emininzi yokugula yamkhokelela ekubeni azibize njengomntu osindileyo.
Mhlawumbi ungumbhali okwazileyo ngokuthembeka ukuzisa umfundi ubuso ngobuso kwezona ntlungu zakhe zimbi. Ndikunye nezo yena ngokwakhe kwafuneka ajamelane nazo ekuzalweni kuba iingxaki zemiphunga zamnika iingxaki zokufunda nokubhala de waba neminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Impilo yakhe yayisoloko ibuthathaka kwaye yonakele. Ufundele ubunjineli bolwandle awathi wayeka ukuba ligqwetha, nto leyo angazange ayiqhelisele.
Emva koko, waqalisa ukuba nomdla kuncwadi eneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala waza waqalisa ukusebenzisana nemibutho ethile yokupapasha nakwimidlalo yeqonga.
Upapasha uthotho lwamabali amnandi nangaphaya kwendalo kunye namanye, kubandakanya nohlelo lweTreasure Island ngo-1883, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Isiqithi saseTreasure sanikezelwa kunyana wakhe kwaye ngalo msebenzi wafumana impumelelo kunye nokuqondwa emva kokuba ebizwa ngokuba ngomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo abathandanayo benkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ingoma: eyona nto ibalulekileyo
Ibalisa ibali kunye nebhayografi yalo mbhali, ukuba ubuchule bakhe babunxulunyaniswa nobudlelwane bakhe nonyana wakhe. Kwakumalunga nomfazi oselula ozele luvuyo owayenandipha ixesha kunye noRobert kwiiyure zokunyamekela kwakhe. Unina wasebenzisa ixesha elininzi lokukhathalela ukumxelela amabali angeyonyani kunye nezinye ezininzi ezithandekayo ezishukumise uRobert ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.
Yiyo loo nto le yenye yeencwadi ezinikezelwe kulo mfazi. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngexesha lokukhula komntwana, izidalwa ezihamba naye kunye nezondla ngolwazi, iziganeko kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zibalulekile. Oku kuphakanyiswe okanye kutshitshiswe, kwaye kule meko, uRobert Louis Stevenson womelezwa kwaye wakhokelela kwimpumelelo. Ngelishwa ubomi bakhe babufutshane, kodwa impumelelo yakhe ibininzi kwaye ikumgangatho ophezulu, ekwazile ukufumana amabhaso okubhala nemisebenzi yoncwadi.
Eyona nto yayiyintsomi yayibubuchule bakhe kwaye oku kwakusondliwa zizo zonke iinkumbulo zakhe zobuntwana kunye namava akhe ngaphandle kokugula kwakhe okwakumthintele kwezinye iinkalo. Abazali bakhe bamnyamekela ngoxa wayekhathazwa bubuthathaka obunxulumene nesifo semiphunga. Ngendlela efanayo, bamxhasa ngokufunda xa wayekwazi ukuqala emva kweminyaka esibhozo ubudala.
Uphononongo
Isiqithi saseTreasure siyavakala kwasekuqaleni ukuba imalunga ne-adventure, uhambo olungaqhelekanga kunye nesifuba esingcwatywe, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ekhuthaza ukufundwa kwayo. Iqweqwe lalo linomfana oselula, indoda endala kancinane bobabini enxibe njengabaphangi kunye nesikhwenene egxalabeni lakhe kwenye yazo.
Umdlali oyintloko ngumfana ogama linguJim Hawking, malunga ne-7 kunye ne-18 leminyaka ubudala ohlala nomama wakhe kwindlu yabahambi. Umbhali ubalisa ukuba uyise usweleke phambi kokuba aliqale ibali. URobert uthi ngaphakathi Isiqithi sobuncwane ubalisa ukuba bunjani ubomi bomfana kwindawo yabahambi kunye nobunzima afunyanwa ngumfana onjalo.
Iziganeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nongquzulwano lwenzeka kwindlu yabahambi ethanda ukumenza umfundi akruquke, kodwa zizahluko ezimbalwa ezimfutshane kakhulu. Uchulumanco lweSiqithi iTreasure luqala kwisahluko apho umlinganiswa ogama linguBilly Bones avela khona. Ufumene ingozi ngaphandle kwendlu yabahambi kwaye uxelele umfana ukuba agcine isifuba asithwalayo kwaye xa ekwazi ukukhupha umxholo.
UBilly Bones unokuba ngumntu omnyama kwaye ophikisanayo ngenxa yokuba baninzi abalandela emva kwakhe kunye nesifuba, kodwa uJim uyavumelana nesicelo sakhe kwaye ugcina isifuba. Xa eyivula aze ayivule, ufumanisa ukuba iqulethe amatye anqabileyo, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, zexabiso, kodwa yamchukumisa, yayiyincwadi yokubhalela kunye nemephu ebonisa ukuma kwesiqithi.
Umntu osondeleyo kuJim umcebisa ukuba agcine amatye anqabileyo kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zikhuselekile esifubeni kwaye asebenzise imephu kuphela, kodwa yile mephu elandelwa ngabaphangi.
betha indlela
Kwibali leSiqithi iTreasure, ugqirha ungena kwindawo ekunguye ocebisa uJim kwaye ikwanguye omkhaphayo kolu hambo. Bobabini baphonononga ulungelelwaniso kunye namanye amanqaku ukuqala indlela. Oku kwaqala ukusuka ekuhambeni ukuya ekufikeni kunye nendawo apho ubutyebi besiqithi buphawulwe khona. Bobabini baqesha isikhephe kwaye basigcwalise ngomphathi kunye nabasebenzi kwaye baqhubele phambili kolu hambo. Ukuba imalunga nama-adventures kunye nobutyebi, ungalibona inqaku I-Pearl.
Ingxabano ebalini iqala ngento yokuba abasebenzi abaqeshwe nguJim babengabaphangi abafanayo ababeleqa uBilly Bones. Abantu ababi bakwisikhephe esifanayo ekufuneni ubuncwane, kodwa ezi nkcukacha sele zaziwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sencwadi kaRobert Stevenson.
Ezinye izigxeko zale ncwadi zigxininisa kwizahluko zokuqala ezidla ngokuchaza iinkcukacha kwaye ziquka abalinganiswa abadla ngokudida umfundi. Oko kukuthi, umbhali uqala ukubalisa ngongenelelo lwama pirates kunye namagama, kunye nabasebenzisana nabo. Ngale nto, izinto ezinjalo ziwusasaza kancinane umxholo ophambili webali.
abalinganiswa abaninzi abanomdla
Kukwathande ukudinwa kumfundi kwaye kubakhuthaze ukuba balahleke kwibali. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqanaba lebali alikususi ukubaluleka nentlonipho eyafunyanwa ngumsebenzi woncwadi. Ibali lithatha umdla walo onomdla kwintsomi, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo kukho into enokufunyanwa. Yileitmotif yeTreasure Island umfundi angafuni ukuyiphosa. Inoveli etshintsha isimbo ukuya kwi-romanticism kodwa iphinde igcine ukuba umoya we-adventure ngu Yitya Thandaza Uthando nguElizabeth Gilbert.
Njengoko izahluko zihamba, bambalwa abalinganiswa abaseleyo kwaye oku kwenza ukuchongwa kunye nokufunda kube lula. Umboniso bhanyabhanya weTreasure Planet libali likaDisney elisekelwe kwincwadi ethi Treasure Island. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kwezinye izahluko kukho ukuguqulwa kunye nomnye okanye omnye umlingiswa. Isiphelo yenye into ngaphandle komsebenzi woncwadi. Incwadi enjalo ayinalo uthando phakathi kwendoda okanye umfazi, ngokucacileyo luhambo.
Nangona kunjalo, umyalezo oshicilelweyo bubuhlobo obungaqhawukiyo phakathi kukaJim umlinganiswa oyintloko kunye nomlinganiswa ogama linguSilver, umthetheli. Lunyango olufana nolo lukatata nonyana, lokuthembana, ukomelela kunye nokukhapha kwaye ikwayiloo nto igxininiswayo kwifilimu yeDisney. Lulwalamano losapho oluthanda kakhulu umsebenzi kaRobert Louis Stevenson. Ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde inqaku lencwadi yabantwana Momo.