Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into malunga iliza elikhulu yeKanagawa, omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yobugcisa baseJapan, ukwenza umzobo njengeyona nto iphambili ye-axis enkulu kunye neNtaba iFuji, intaba engumqondiso wesizwe saseJapan.Qhubeka ufunda ngenqaku kwaye ufumanise yonke into eyenzekayo kwiNtaba iFuji. umzobi ukuba abe ngowona msebenzi wobugcisa ubalaseleyo!
Amaza amakhulu aphuma eKanagawa
I-Great Wave off Kanagawa ngumfanekiso odumileyo owaziwa ngokuba yi-Great Wave okanye i-Wave. Yapeyintwa phakathi kwe-1830 kunye ne-1833 ngumzobi we-ukiyo-e, uKatsushika Hokusai, ngexesha le-Edo kwimbali yaseJapan.
Lo msebenzi ngumzobi we-ukiyo-e, uKatsushika Hokusai ngowona udumileyo kwaye waziwa kakhulu ukuba umzobi unalo kwaye ungowokuqala kuluhlu oludumileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiFugaku sanjūrokkei oluqulethe iimbono ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu zeNtaba iFuji.
Ngendlela efanayo, i-Great Wave ingomnye wemifanekiso eyaziwayo kakhulu kwihlabathi ukususela ekubeni iikopi ezininzi zenziwa kwi-mold eyayisetyenziswa ngumzobi, eyafikelela ezandleni zabaqokeleli abalulekileyo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Kwaye ngonyaka we-1870 umfanekiso wegagasi elikhulu laseKanagawa waziwa kakhulu eYurophu.
Yaduma kangangokuba abaqokeleli abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo bahlawula intywenka yemali ukuze babe nayo phakathi kwabo baqokeleli kwakukho amaFrentshi kangangokuba iliza elikhulu labangela ukuba kunamathele kakhulu kushicilelo.
Namhlanje iimyuziyam ezininzi zineekopi zoshicilelo lwamaza amakhulu eKanagawa. Phakathi kwazo oku kulandelayo: Imyuziyam yaseGuimet, iMyuziyam yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa, iMyuziyam yaseBritane, iThala leeNcwadi leSizwe laseFransi kunye neMyuziyam yeSizwe yoBugcisa baseCatalonia, ngokutsho, zonke iimyuziyamu zafikelela kwiimyuziyam ezivela kwiingqokelela zabucala nge-XNUMX. inkulungwane .
Uphawu loShicilelo
Njengomnye weyona misebenzi idumileyo yobugcisa eJapan, i-Great Wave off Kanagawa uye wajonga abapeyinti abakhulu abafana noVan Gogh kunye nabanye abaninzi njengoko ingumfanekiso omele i-yin kunye ne-yang.
Kodwa ikwamele uthando kunye nokugqwesa kweMpuma yaseJapan. Ukususela kwinto eyaziwayo malunga nomculi we-Great Wave yaseKanagawa, wayengumntu othobekileyo kwaye wayeqinisekile kakhulu ngobukhulu bomsebenzi wakhe ukususela ekubeni wasayina ukuprintwa phezulu ngasekhohlo. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili zoshicilelo esinazo:
Intaba: Yileyo ibonwa emazantsi oshicilelo kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yiNtaba iFuji, ekubeni incopho yale ntaba isoloko inekhephu, yaye ingoyena mntu usembindini weLiza elikhulu. Ukuprintwa kwakhona kuluhlu lweeprinta ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu ezenziwe ngumzobi weembono zeNtaba iFuji ukusuka kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eJapan iNtaba iFuji ithathwa njengengcwele kwaye iluphawu lwesazisi sesizwe saseJapan. Kwakhona kuthathwa njengophawu lobuhle.
Iinqanawa: Kushicilelo lweliza elikhulu, lo mboniso ubonisa amaphenyane amathathu aziwa eJapan njengeoshioki-bune, ezi zikhephe zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iintlanzi ezisuka kwiipeninsula ukuya kwizibuko laseIzu naseBōsō ukusuka apho ukuya kwiimarike zelo chweba. .
Ezi nqanawa zintathu zikwi-Great Wave kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Kanagawa Prefecture, ekubeni iTokyo ingasentla yaye iNtaba iFuji ikumntla-ntshona. Sagami Bay emazantsi. Tokyo Bay kwimpuma yelizwe.
Kumaphenyane akumfanekiso weliza elikhulu kukho ababheqi abasibhozo ababambelele kumaphini abo ukuze bangaphulukani nobomi babo yaye ngaphambili kwiphenyane ngalinye kukho abakhweli ababini abangakumbi. Ngoko kuthathelwa ingqalelo isitampu somaza amakhulu kukho amadoda angamashumi amabini ewonke. Ezi zikhephe zazidla ngokuba nobude obuziimitha ezili-12 ukuya kwi-15 leemitha.
Ulwandle namaza alo; Kushicilelo lwamaza amakhulu, ulwandle luyinto ebalulekileyo kuba lusekwe kwimilo yamaza amakhulu ahamba kuwo wonke umzobo kwaye alawule indawo yonke de iwe kwakhona.
Kodwa kanye ngaloo mzuzu iliza elikhulu lenza i-spiral egqibelele kakhulu embindi wayo womsebenzi udlula embindini woshicilelo. Ngale ndlela, intaba yeFuji inokubonwa ngasemva komzobo. Ingcali yezobugcisa eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Edmond de Goncourt ichaze amaza amakhulu oshicilelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
“Umzobo wamaza luhlobo oluthile lwenguqulelo yolwandle eyenziwe isithixo eyenziwe ngumzobi owafumana uloyiko olungokonqulo lolwandlekazi olungqonge ilizwe lakhe ngokupheleleyo; ichukunyiswa ngumsindo wequbuliso wokutsiba kwayo esibhakabhakeni, ngobunzulu obuzuba kwicala elingaphakathi lokugoba kwayo, ngokuchaphaza kwentloko yayo esasaza amathontsi amancinane amile okwezinzipho zesilwanyana”
Kwangokunjalo, enye ingcali yobugcisa yenza uluvo olukhulu ngoshicilelo olwenziwe ngumzobi waseJapan ukiyo-e, uKatsushika Hokusai, ekubeni wagqabaza koku kulandelayo:
«indawo yolwandle eneFuji. Amaza enza isakhelo apho sibona khona iNtaba. I-gigantic wave yi-yang enkulu ukuya kwi-ying yendawo engenanto ngaphantsi kwayo. Ukugqabhuka okungenakuphepheka kwamanzi esikulindeleyo kunika uxinzelelo kumzobo. Ngasemva, iliza elincothulayo elincinane, elenza iNtaba iFuji encinane, iboniswa kumakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwiNtaba yeFuji enkulu yantlandlolo, incipha ngembono.
Iliza likhulu kunentaba. Abalobi abancinci babambelela kwizikhephe zabo ezibhityileyo, batyibilika phezu kolwandle bezama ukuphepha amaza. Ubundlobongela be-yang bendalo boyiswa yin yokuzithemba kwaba balobi banamava. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona kukho uqhwithela, ilanga liqaqambile.”
Umsayino: Ushicilelo lwamaza amakhulu lunemibhalo emibini.Umbhalo wokuqala uhambelana nesihloko soluhlu, olubhalwe kwindawo ephezulu ngasekhohlo yokuprinta. Umbhalo wesibini ungasekhohlo koshicilelo kwaye ngumsayino wombhali ofundeka ngolu hlobo: Hokusai aratame Iitsu hitsu.
Nangona umzobi wayengenayo ifani ekubeni wayesuka kwindawo ethobeke kakhulu, wayityikitya ngegama lakhe lokuqala elithi Katsushika, nangona umzobi weza ukusebenzisa amagama angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ahlukeneyo kwaye akazange afune umsebenzi ngaphandle kokutshintsha igama lakhe.
Ukuqonda kweLiza eliKhulu
Ngelo xesha umzobi waqala ukwenza igagasi elikhulu Kanagawa, waba nobunzima obuninzi, wayesele eneminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ubudala kunye neengxaki ezininzi zezoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha naye wayenengxaki enkulu yempilo. Ngokwezifundo ezenziweyo, kuya kuba sisifo sentliziyo.
Yiyo loo nto umsebenzi wamaza amakhulu wathatha iminyaka emininzi ukugqiba, yiyo loo nto uyilo lokuqala olwenziwa ngamaza amakhulu eKanagawa lwenziwa ngezinto ezixineneyo nezifanayo.
Ngale ndlela isitampu sasithe nkqo yaye siqinile kangangokuba endaweni yeliza elikhulu sasikhangeleka njengentaba ekusiwa ikhephu phezu kwayo. Yiyo loo nto utshintsho lwenziwa kwaye iliza elikhulu ngoku libonakala lisebenza ngakumbi, linobundlongondlongo kwaye linamandla kakhulu. Okunika imvakalelo yokoyikisa.
Amaza amakhulu aphawulwa kakhulu ngumzobo waseJapan, apho abantu ababukeleyo babona isitampu samehlo eentaka. Nangona abantu abaninzi abaneenkcukacha zesitampu baye baqinisekisa ukuba xa bejonga isitampu bavakalelwa kukuba baya kutyunyuzwa ngamaza amakhulu.
Kwiiprinta zokuqala ezenziwe ngumzobi waseJapan, i-horizon ingabonwa, kodwa ekugqibeleni, imbono ye-wave wave itshintshile ukuze i-horizon iphantsi kakhulu kangangokuba umbukeli ugxininise kwi-wave enkulu.
Kwenye imeko umzobi watshintsha njengoko elungisa umsebenzi kancinci kancinci, yayikukuba iinqanawa zaziqala kwincam yeliza elikhulu. Kodwa oku kuphazamisana ne-dynamics kunye negophe lamaza amakhulu ukuze ndiwasuse kwaye ndiwabeke ezantsi ukunika idrama engakumbi kwi-wave enkulu ephuma kwi-Kanagawa print.
Inyaniso yeyokuba kushicilelo iliza elikhulu lilo elibonisa ukuba linolawulo lwawo wonke umsebenzi. Nangona umfanekiso unoyilo olulula kakhulu njengoko wenza umbonisi akholelwe. Nangona kunjalo, isitampu sithathe umsebenzi omninzi kunye nenkqubo ende yohlengahlengiso. Ukongeza kwindlela yokubonakalisa i-methodical ngumdwebi.
Lonke utshintsho olwalusenziwa ngumzobi lwalubonakala kumsebenzi awayewenza ukuba wesiphi isihloko Umzobo oLula iziFundo eziKhawulezayo, ngonyaka we-1812. Kolo xwebhu, umzobi uHokusai wachaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela into ezotywa ngayo ngokunxulumanisa isikwere nesangqa.
Emva kokuchitha ixesha elithile, umzobi wabuyela kushicilelo lweliza elikhulu, ukususela oko waqalisa ukusebenza kumsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yiKaijo noFuji, esona sizathu siphambili sasikukwenza umqulu wesibini owawuza kuba ziimbono ezilikhulu zeNtaba iFuji.
Kuloo mzobo waphinda wawenza, kwafunyanwa ubudlelwane obufanayo besikwere esinesangqa, ukongezelela kwinto yokuba kushicilelo lokugqibela kwizavenge ezinkulu umzobi akazange abeke izikhephe okanye abantu kwaye iziqwenga zamaza zihambelana. ngokuphaphatheka kweentaka. Kodwa uhambo lukaMaza kweli xesha lwamenza wachasana nendlela isiJapan esifundwa ngayo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga ne-Great Wave off Kanagawa ibalulekile, ndikumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: