La IsiAraucanian, libali elibalisa ngezithethe namava eenkosi nabantu abaqhelekileyo ngamaxesha edabi, apho abemi bakhona babonwa ngokuba ngabantu abalwayo, abazimiseleyo, abanamandla okusebenza, nabanamandla okumelana nemozulu embi namaxesha endlala.
La Araucana: Umxholo wembali
Nguye uhlobo loncwadi lweAraucana ngumbongo. I-La Araucana ngumsebenzi woncwadi owenzeka kwimbongo yaseHomeric yombhali wayo u-Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, owayekho kwiziganeko, apho uchaza iziganeko zembali ezikhokelela ekuthinjweni kweChile, kwaye oko kwakhuthazwa nguPedro. de Valdivia, iqhawe lomkhosi kunye neSpeyin.
Ukuchaswa kwama-Araucanian kwenziwa ngabantu baseMapuche, i-Indo-American ehlala eChile naseArgentina, kwaye yayikhokelwa ngumlo oselula ogama linguLautaro, (Leftraru), owathi, nangona umkhulu wakhe wayelumkile, wawela uMlambo Omkhulu, uBío Bío, ukubonelela ngenkxaso kwiPicunche, igama elinikezelwe kumaqela angaphambi kweSpanishi awayethetha iMapudungun, ehlala phakathi kweMilambo ye-Bio-Bio kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Central Zone ye-Mapocho Valley.
Ngokwamabali ombhali ngokwakhe, owayekho kwaye ethatha inxaxheba kwizenzo zomzabalazo, kwaye ephethe ukubhalwa kwezandla zakhe, lo mbongo wabhalwa ngelixa wayeseChile, esebenzisa ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba kuya kuba. ibhalwe kumaqhekeza athile exolo lomthi kunye nezinye iimveliso ezirhabaxa.
UAlonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga wayenesabelo kunye nenkundla kaFelipe II, owathi ngesinye isihlandlo wasebenza njengephepha, ngaphambi kolongamo lobukhosi, ukongezelela ekubeni noqeqesho nemfundo enoxabiso, eyayingaphezu kwabanqobi abaninzi. Sicebisa ukuba ufunde Umfundi ovela eSalamanca
Kamva, uErcila ubuyela kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa eSpeyin. Umsebenzi wapapashwa eMadrid, kwimiqulu emithathu, eyaphunyezwa amashumi amabini eminyaka. Oko kukuthi, umqulu wokuqala wahlelwa ngowe-1569, owesibini wahlelwa ngowe-1578, waza owesithathu wahlelwa ngowe-1589. Wawugqalwa njengowona mqulu ubalaseleyo ngabafundi ababetsaleleke kwimbali enjalo.
Nangona ukubaluleka kweziganeko ebusweni bobuninzi beengxelo eziqulethwe kulo msebenzi kunomlingiswa ofanayo, ufanelekile njengenye yeengxelo ezicacileyo ezithetha malunga neNkoyiso, eyathi ngexesha layo yaziwa njengembali ethembekileyo. iziganeko eChile.
I<em>La Araucana yayibunjwe liqela lemibhalo yeSpanish echaza iinkcukacha ngeLizwe Elitsha ukuze kulwazi lwabalandeli abahlukeneyo bokufunda kwaseYurophu, equlethwe kwi<em>Los Naufragios de Cabeza de Vaca, eyayibalisa ngezenzo zoncwadi lwayo kuMntla Merika; kunye neMbali eyiNgxaki yokuTshaniswa kweNew Spain nguBernal Díaz del Castillo, umnqobi waseSpain, owasasaza ukuwa okumangalisayo koBukhosi bama-Aztec.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Araucana, yabalasela phakathi kwezi zibhalo zifanelekileyo njengomsebenzi wokuqala weencwadi zecawa, ezinikelwe kumxholo wayo kunye nomdla ocacileyo wobugcisa.
Emva kokubonakala komsebenzi uLa Araucana, kwavela eminye imisebenzi emininzi ethetha ngemiba yaseMelika ngenjongo yokuphinda isimbo sayo saseHomeric, njenge: La Argentina, Arauco domado, kunye nePurén indomito, phakathi kwabanye. Ekuhambeni kwexesha nangokuvela kwakhona kwezi zibhalo, ukwahluka phakathi kwebali lamabali nengxelo yeziganeko zembali kwanda.
[su_note] Uncwadi olwahlukileyo, lukhetha ukuthutha izihloko eziyelelene ne-European Renaissance ukuya kwiimeko zaseMelika ezibaxayo. Ke, ikhuthazwa koku, inani elikhulu lemibongo libhekisa kwizibhengezo zokuziphatha okuhle, uthando kubunewunewu bothando, okanye imixholo yesiLatini kuphela, kunokuba ibhekisele kwiNkoyiso.[/su_note]
Impikiswano
El ingxabano ye-araucana, echazwe kwimbongo, iqala ngokuchazwa kwabantu bayo kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithethe zaseChile, njengoko ichaza ukufika kwabaseSpain, iyaqhubeka enye yeengoma ezintle kakhulu: iingcebiso ze-caciques ukukhetha umphathi. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxabano ye-Araucana ishwankathelwe kwinqanaba lokuqala elenzeke ngexesha lokunqoba kweChile. Ngokukodwa, ijongana nongquzulwano oluxhobileyo olwenzeka e-Arauco phakathi kwabanqobi baseSpain kunye nabemi baseMapuche okanye baseAraucanian.
Kwinxalenye yokuqala, ibaliswa xa uValdivia ehlasela iTucapel, eyidolophu kunye nesixeko saseChile, kwaye ngenxa yoko ifumana ilahleko enkulu. Ukuziphindezela kwamaSpeyin, kunye nokufika ekukhawulweni, iingxabano phakathi kwama-Araucanians namaSpanish, kunye nemibhiyozo yokulawula kwabo.
Kwinxalenye yesibini ye ingxabano ye-araucana, iqala ngokufika kweMarquis yaseCañete, uDon García Hurtado de Mendoza, ePeru. Kwakhona kule nxalenye yomsebenzi, iAraucana, ifuna inkxaso evela kwabaseSpeyin; UVillagrán ubetha uLautaro, ekhokelela ekubeni abe nelahleko enkulu. Ukuhlaselwa okutsha kwe-Araucanian kuvela kwaye isiganeko saseSan Quintín siqala, ngenye indlela ukubalisa okwenzekayo kule mihla, kunye neSpeyin eYurophu. Ukuhlaselwa kwama-Araucanians kunye nokubuyela emva kwi-commune yaseTucapel.
I-Caupolicán, i-Mapuche touch ekhokela ukuchasana kwabantu bakhe ngokuchasene nabanqobi baseSpain, uyazi kakhulu abantu bakhe, kunye noTegualda omhle, intombi yenkosi uBrancol, ovela kwimbongi ngendlela ephazamisayo, kwaye ufumanisa. umyeni wakhe phakathi kwabangasekhoyo.
Abantu baseSpeyin banqumla izandla ze-Indian Galvarino, owenza iintetho ezahlukahlukeneyo kwindibano ukuze bakhuthaze amaIndiya ukuba aziphindezele. Kukwakho nomngeni weCaupolicán ngokubhekiselele kwiSpanish, umlo wenziwa apho ama-Araucanians angaphumeleli. Kukwajongwa kwakhona kule nxalenye, i-obfuscation kunye nokufa kweGalvarino, isiganeko egadini kunye nobukho bemilingo uFitón.
Kwinxalenye yesithathu yomsebenzi, imbongi ibamba izixeko ezininzi zaseSpeyin, e-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Amerika, ukudibana noGlaura omhle, oxelela u-Ercilia ngeempazamo zakhe, iimfazwe ezintsha zenzeka kunye nobunzima bamaNdiya.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuka-Andresillo, ocetyiswe nguCaupolicán, ubuyela ekulweni kwaye ngenxa yoko banqotshiwe. Isiganeko sebali likaDido. Ubukho, intolongo, isohlwayo kunye nokufa kukaCaupolicán, umIndiya okhaliphileyo, owathi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wabhaptizwa. Abantu baseSpeyin abanobunzima obukhulu babuyela ePeru.
[su_note] Kulo msebenzi uLa Araucana, kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba umbalisi uthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso, into eyayingaqhelekanga kwiincwadi zenkcubeko zaseSpain. Ngumsebenzi oqulethe iziganeko zembali, ezifana nokubanjwa kunye nokubulawa kukaPedro de Valdivia, njengoko kuchazwe kwimihlathi yangaphambili, ukufa kwe-caciques Caupolicán kunye neLautaro.[/su_note]
Ngokunjalo, imvelaphi yombongo iyawuvumela ukuba ufane, kwaye kumaxesha amaninzi umbhali uziva enxunguphele kwesi siganeko. Isizathu sokuba iinyani ezimangalisayo zongezwe kulo mbongo, njengetyala lika-Fitón, oxela ithamsanqa, ofundisa u-Ercilla ngebhola yekristale, emele umhlaba isiganeko kwixesha elizayo esiya kwenzeka eYurophu nakuMbindi Mpuma, obizwa ngokuba idabi laseLepanto.
Emva kokuba u-Ercilla ebuyele eSpeyin, le ncwadi yapapashwa Madrid kwiinxalenye ezintathu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Umqulu wokuqala wapapashwa ngowe-1569; eyesibini, ngowe-1578; yaza eyesithathu yaba ngowe-1589. Ngoko ke, le ncwadi yafumana impumelelo ephawulekayo phakathi kwabafundi.
Nangona imbali yamabali amaninzi avela kulo msebenzi inxulumene, ithathwa njengenye yezona zibhalo zibalaseleyo zobungqina. uloyiso, yaye ngexesha layo yayidla ngokufundwa njengengxelo yokwenene yeziganeko zaseChile.
Inqaku elicetyiswayo kwimibongo lingafumaneka ngokucofa Prose imibongo
Umxholo wembali
Ngoku, kubalulekile ukucaca Umsebenzi uLa Araucana uvela kweyiphi imeko yembali?. Njengoko sele sichazile, kwipeni yombhali wayo, owayelingqina elisebenzayo lezi ziganeko, umsebenzi waveliswa ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eChile. Ukuze abhale ezi ziganeko, u-Ercilla wasebenzisa ixolo leetyholo kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-rustic. Ngokukwanjalo, wayeqeqeshwe ngokwemfundo ngakumbi kunabanye oontanga bakhe aboyisayo.
Wayeyinxalenye yephulo lokuqinisa elikhokelwa yirhuluneli entsha uGarcía Hurtado de Mendoza.
Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesimbo
Imbongi yaseNtaliyane, eyaziwa ngokuba nguLudovico Ariosto, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe woncwadi u-Orlando Furioso, unempembelelo enkulu kubukho bokubalisa e-Araucana. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kulo msebenzi unomtsalane, umbalisi unenxaxheba esebenzayo kwiploti. Umba wemetric yomsebenzi sistanza esibizwa ngokuba yiyesibhozo yokwenyani, enemvano-siphelo yeevesi ezisibhozo ezi-hendecasyllable kunye neskimu semetric yaseSpain, eyaziwa njenge: ABABABCC, kwaye ikwaboniswa koku kulandelayo:
Caciques, abaKhuseli boMbuso, (A)
ukunyoluka ukuyalela
ungandimemi (B)
ngaphandle kokukubona abazenzisi (A)
ngento ebindifanele kakhulu; (B)
kuba, ngokweminyaka yam, uyabona, manene, (A)
ukuba ndikwelinye ilizwe lokuhamba; (B)
Ndikubonise uthando olungakumbi kunangaphambili, (C)
ukukucebisa kakuhle undikhuthazile. (C)
IAraucana.
Umsebenzi woncwadi yinxalenye yoludwe lombongo wehlelo lakwaHomeric, into eqhelekileyo ekuqaleni kwexesha langoku. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi iLa Araucana uye wanegalelo kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiCanon of Ferrara, ebhekisa kwimibongo emibini efundwe eHomeric, equlethwe eItali, eyile:
[su_list icon = »icon: check» icon_color = »# 231bec»]
- Orlando Innamorato, nguMatteo Maria Boiardo. Unyaka we-1486
- Orlando Furioso, nguLudovico Ariosto. Unyaka we-1516. [/su_list]
Ukudibana okukhoyo phakathi kwemibongo yeSimbo seFerrarense kunye nomsebenzi ka-Ercilla, akupheli ngokusetyenziswa kwesimbo sombongo esifanayo, esifana ne-epic kunye nomxholo we-chivalrous, zikho nezinye iziganeko, ezifana nenyaniso yokusebenzisa. i-octave njengemitha yombongo.
Ukufumana malunga neempembelelo eziye zangenelela kumsebenzi weLa Araucana, songeza ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Orlandos ezimbini, zazibandakanyeke kumsebenzi weDante's Divine Comedy, ukuba ngonyaka we-1321, owadala unqulo lombongo waseHomeric, yenziwe ngomxholo wonqulo.
Sinento yokuba umsebenzi weLa Araucana uqulethwe kuhlaziyo lwemibongo yaseSpain kunye nezitayile zaseTaliyane, ezizalwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okunamandla kwezopolitiko kunye nomkhosi waseSpanish, owenziwe ngelo xesha kwi-peninsula yase-Italian. Kuba yintoni u-Ercilla, aye wafudukela eItali, ukuba enze njengephepha lexesha elizayo likaKumkani uFelipe II, elimvumela ukuba ahambelane nemibongo yeCanon yaseFerrara, kunye nabanye ababhali be-Renaissance yaseNtaliyane.
Ukongeza, umbongo kaHomeric wakhuliswa, uthathwa njengefashoni ngelo xesha. Ngaphambi kokupapashwa kweLa Araucana, abanye abalingisi beembongi zeFerrarense baboniswa kuyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, indoda engumPhuthukezi eyayibizwa ngokuba nguLuís de Camões, yapapasha incwadi yayo ethi Los Iusiadas ngonyaka we-1572. Kwandula ke kwiminyaka embalwa eyalandelayo, uTorquato Tasso waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokukhululwa kweYerusalem ukususela ngonyaka we-1575, kuquka noJaime IV, ukumkani waseSkotlani, wakhuthazwa ukuba athabathe umsebenzi weLepanto ngonyaka we-1591.
Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukuqaphela ukuba imvelaphi yemibongo ye-epic ivela kumaxesha amandulo, apho i-Italian Renaissance practice yayinobunewunewu bokukhupha i-resonance ngelo xesha. Ngesi sizathu, uLa Araucana uzibophelele kwimibongo yamaGrike neRoman Homeric.
Ngokukwanjalo, kwaziswa ukuba iAraucana iqulethe inkalo yombongo ozukileyo onxibelelene neziganeko ezitsha. Isizathu sokuba umkhwa womsebenzi waseRoma odumileyo wenziwa, oko kukuthi: iFarsalia yaseLucano, owabalisa ngeziganeko zemfazwe yamakhaya, phakathi kukaJulius Caesar kunye noSextus Pompey, enomnqweno owaziwayo wokudala ibali elithembekileyo.
Injongo kunye neengcamango
Umsebenzi weLa Araucana, ufumaneka ngaphakathi kwimeko yokubuyisela ixabiso elichithwa ngamajoni aseSpeyin kwidabi elikude nelibelekileyo. Phakathi kwamajoni emfazwe owaphoswa kwelokulibala, yayingu-Ercilla ngokwakhe, yiyo loo nto eyintlawulelo ngokulinganayo ekuziphatheni kwakhe.
[su_note] Emva koko kunokungqinwa ukuba yeyona njongo iphambili ichaziweyo nekhankanyiweyo. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, kujongwe ukubonisa kumxholo womsebenzi ukuba unenjongo efihlakeleyo ukuthethelelwa kophawu lwamaIndiya, ngaphandle kokuba olu qikelelo lwabantu bomthonyama lunokucaciswa njengengcebiso yobuqu. -ixabiso leSpanish elilawulayo.[/su_note]
Ukwamkelwa komsebenzi
La Araucana, yenye yemisebenzi yoncwadi, ukuba inkohliso kwicala Miguel de Cervantes, ekhuselweyo kwisenzo sokutshisa iincwadi ze-chivalry, ebonakaliswa kwisahluko IV sikaDon Quixote de La Mancha. Umsebenzi osixhalabisayo, uyangenelela kolu didi lwemisebenzi, enesitayile sangabom ngokubhekiselele kuncwadi, ukongezelela ekubandakanyeni izehlo ezithile ezimangalisayo.
Ifilosofi yesiFrentshi kunye nombhali uFrançois-Marie Arouet, owaziwa ngokuba nguVoltaire, owanikezela inxalenye elungileyo yesincoko emsebenzini uLa Araucana, owacinga ukuba lo mbongo wakwazi ukuba phezulu uphakanyiswe kwisibhengezo senkosi uColo Colo waseel. UCanto II, oqhele ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiganeko esifana neso esibonisa uNestor kwi-Iliad.
Nangona, kwaye ngendlela elungileyo, uVoltaire wanikela uluvo lwakhe lokuba u-Ercilla waphathwa kukumodareyithwa koncwadi, okwakhokelela ekubeni abhideke kwiindinyana ezidinayo kakhulu.
Ukupapashwa komsebenzi iLa Araucana, kwakhokelela kumntu owayesebenza njengoViceroy wasePeru, owaziwayo uGarcía Hurtado de Mendoza, waziva enciphile ekuchazeni, apho wabuza imbongi yaseChile egama linguPedro de Oña kwenye inkondlo yaseHomeric, enesihloko esithi Arauco Tamed ngonyaka we-1596.
Umbongo wesibini ulinganiswe njengongaphantsi kombongo kaErcilla, ibe ngumsebenzi wokuqala wombongo owapapashwa ngumbhali waseChile. Kwisizwe saseChile, iLa Araucana ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengomsebenzi ongachanekanga, njengoko ingumbongo wokugqibela we-epic ochaza i-genesis yelizwe, ngenxa yendlela yeenkondlo zakudala ezifana ne-Aeneid, okanye iingoma ze-medieval feat.
Noko ke, imibongo kaHomeric eneemvakalelo zesizwe yabhalwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-1602 neye-1835, njengale: La Argentina y conquista del Río de la Plata nguMartín del Barco Centenera, eyapapashwa ngowe-1848; kunye nemibongo ezukileyo yaseFinnish iKalevala, eyapapashwa ngonyaka we-XNUMX, yingqokelela yefolkloric ka-Elías Lönnrot, ugqirha waseFinland kunye nesazi sefilosofi, kunye ne-The Stories of Ensign Stål, umbongo obalaseleyo owabhalwa ngonyaka we-XNUMX, ngumbhali waseSweden uFinn Johan Ludvig Runeberg, imbongi yaseFinland.
[su_note] Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umbongo waseHomeric uLa Araucana, ungowesizwe kwaye umelwe eChile, unyanzelekile ukuba abafundi bemfundo esisiseko bazi umxholo wayo.[/su_note]
[su_note] Umqambi owaziwayo waseChile kunye nomculi womculo, uGustavo Becerra-Schmidt, engomnye welizwe lakhe elikhethekileyo, ngo-1965, wakwazi ukulungiselela i-oratorio esekelwe eLa Araucana, awayibhaptiza ngegama elifanayo. Ngophawu lokwazisa izixhobo zomculo eziqhelekileyo zabantu baseMapuche, ezifakwe kwiokhestra yesimfoni.[/su_note]
Ngokunjalo, ingcaphephe yoncwadi eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Álvaro bisama, uthi kwincwadi yakhe enesihloko esithi One Hundred Chilean Books, ukuba umsebenzi uLa Araucana, uyisiqalo seencwadi zaseChile, ezithathwa njengencwadi yobuxoki, nangona kunjalo, ayinakugatywa, ngokukodwa ngokusekelwe kumgaqo okhethwe nguCervantes.
Isakhiwo soMbongo
Lo msebenzi okhangayo uLa Araucana, uqulunqwe ngeengoma ezingama-37 ezinesitanza, kunye ne-metric ye-octave yangempela, kwaye kwiNgoma nganye isihloko esikhethekileyo sikhankanyiwe, emva koko a isishwankathelo seAraucana:
Icandelo lokuqala
Kweli candelo lokuqala siza kube sithetha ngokufutshane ukusuka kuCanto I ukuya kuCanto XV.
I-Canto I: Ithetha ngabantu kunye nenkcazo yephondo laseChile, kwaye ngokukodwa kwiphondo lase-Arauco, izithethe zalo, kunye nezenzo zemfazwe, iphinda ibonise ukungena koloyiso yiSpeyin de i-Arauco ivukele.
I-Canto II: Ijongene nengxabano phakathi kwe-caciques ye-Arauco yokhetho lokunyula umthetheli-jikelele, kunye nento eyenziwa nge-cacique Colocolo, kunye nengeniso eyenziwa ngababharbhari ngobuxoki kwinqaba yaseTucapel, kunye neemfazwe ababenazo. iSpanish.
UCanto III: UValdivia, ekunye nabaseSpain abambalwa kunye namaIndiya ambalwa anobuhlobo, uya endlwini eTucapel ukuze alungise. Ama-Araucanians abulala aba bantu baseSpain kwindlela enepaseji emxinwa, besusa umlo, apho yena nabo bonke amaqabane akhe bafela khona, ngenxa yenkxaso kunye nomzamo kaLautaro.
I-Canto IV: Abalishumi elinesine baseSpain bafika, ukuba bahlangane noValdivia ngokuchasene neTucapel, badibana namaNdiya kwindawo efihlakeleyo, uLautaro ufika ngokuqiniswa; abasixhenxe baseSpeyin nabahlobo babo bafa, abanye babaleka.
UCanto V: Umlo phakathi kwabaseSpain kunye nama-Araucanians uqhubeka kwithambeka laseAndalicán, ngenxa yobungangamsha bukaLautaro amaSpanish oyiswa abulawa, kunye nenkampani yamawaka amathathu amaIndiya kumanyano.
I-Canto VI: Idabi liyaqhubeka, ukufa okungaqhelekanga kwenzeka ukuba ama-Araucanians aboyisa iintshaba zabo, babe nenceba encinane kubantwana kunye nabasetyhini, bababulala ngeenkemba.
I-Canto VII: Abantu baseSpain bafika kwisixeko saseConcepción benxunguphele, babalisa ngokulahlekelwa ngamaqabane abo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba babengenawo amandla angako okukhusela isixeko, uninzi lwabo yayingabafazi, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, bahamba besiya ngasedolophini. isixeko saseSantiago. Isixelela ngokuphangwa, ukutshiswa nokutshatyalaliswa kwesixeko saseConcepción.
I-Canto VIII: IiCaciques kunye neenkosi ezibalulekileyo zebhunga jikelele zijoyina kwi-Arauco Valley. Babulala iTucapel, kunye nePuchecalco ye-cacique, ngelixa uCaupolicán efika nomkhosi oqinileyo kwisixeko sobukhosi, esisekelwe kwintlambo yaseCautén.
UCanto IX: Ama-Araucanians afika kwisixeko esikhulu enomkhosi onamandla. Bayirhangqe imimandla yabo, ngenxa yeendaba ezifunyenweyo zokuba abantu baseSpain babesePenco besakha kwakhona isixeko saseConcepción, baya kubantu baseSpain, kwaqhambuka imfazwe enkulu.
UCanto X: Bonwabile ama-Araucan uloyiso, bagunyazisa umbhiyozo omkhulu, abantu abaninzi baya, njengabaphambukeli kunye nabemi bomthonyama, kwavela iiyantlukwano ezininzi.
UCanto XI: Umbhiyozo kunye nomahluko uphelile, kwaye ngelixa uLautaro ehamba esiya kwisixeko saseSantiago, ubangela uqhushululu olomeleleyo, abantu baseSpain bafika kuye, banomlo onamandla.
UCanto XII: ULautaro utshixelwe kwinqaba yakhe, akafuni ukuqhubeka noloyiso. UMarcos Veas uthetha naye, ngoko uPedro Villagrán uyayiqonda ingozi yalo mbandela, uphakamisa indawo yakhe yokulwa aze ashiye indawo. IMarquis yaseCañete ifika kwisixeko saseLos Reyes ePeru.
UCanto XIII: IMarquis yaseCañete yohlwaywa ePeru. Amadoda afika evela eChile eze kucela uncedo. Okufanayo kutyhilwa njengoko uFrancisco de Villagrán, ekhokelwa ngumIndiya, ehamba nguLautaro.
UCanto XIV: UFrancisco de Villagrán, ufika ethe cwaka ebusuku. Ngexesha lokusa uLautaro uyabulawa. Idabi elibukhali liyaqala.
UCanto XV: Idabi liphela, onke ama-Araucanians abulawa. Bakwabalisa ngeenqanawa ezihamba ukusuka ePeru ukuya eChile.
Icandelo lesibini
Kule nxalenye kuya kubakho isishwankathelo seCantos ukusuka kwi-XVI ukuya kwiCanto XXIX.
ICanto XVI: Abantu baseSpain bangena kwizibuko laseConcepción nakwisiqithi saseTalcaguano; ibhunga jikelele lamaIndiya kwiNtlambo yase-Ongolmo. Umahluko phakathi kwePeteguelen kunye neTucapel.
UCanto XVII: Abantu baseSpain bayasishiya isiqithi, bakhe inqaba kwinduli yePenco, ama-Araucanians afika ukuba abahlasele.
UCanto XVIII: UDon Felipe uhlasela iSan Quintín.
UCanto XIX: Babalisa ngohlaselo lwama-Araucanians kumaSpanish eFort Penco. Uhlaselo lukaGracolano eludongeni. Ukhuphiswano phakathi koomatiloshe namajoni.
UCanto XX: Ukubuyela umva kwama-Araucanians, ngokuphulukana namaqabane amaninzi. I-Tucapel, yenzakele kakhulu, iyabaleka. UTegualda ubalisa kudon Alonso de Ercilla, inkqubo engaqhelekanga nelusizi yembali yakhe.
UCanto XXI: UTegualda, ufumana isidumbu somyeni wakhe, kwaye ngokubandezeleka nangezinyembezi umthatha amse edolophini yakhe, ukuze amngcwabe.
I-Canto XXII: Abantu baseSpain bangena kwilizwe laseArauco, ukhuphiswano olunamandla lwenzeka.
Canto XXIII: Galbarino, ifikelela Araucanian Senate. Lungiselela intetho abantu abaninzi abaguqula ngayo iingqondo zabo. Ichaza umqolomba apho iPhyton yayikhona kunye nemixholo yayo.
ICanto XXIV: Ithetha ngedabi elinamandla lomkhosi waselwandle.
I-Canto XXV: Abantu baseSpain bahlala eMillarapué, umIndiya othunyelwe nguCaupolicán ufika ukuba acele umngeni kubo, imfazwe eyomeleleyo iqala.
I-Canto XXVI: Ithetha ngokuphela kwengxabano, kunye nokuhoxiswa kwama-Araucanians, ukufa kweGalbarino. Okufanayo kubaliswa malunga negadi kunye nokuhlala komthakathi uFitón.
ICanto XXVII: Amaphondo amaninzi, iintaba, izixeko ezibalulekileyo kunye neemfazwe zichazwe.
ICanto XXVIII: Iimpazamo zikaGlaura zibaliswa kwakhona. Uhlaselo lwaseSpain lweQuebrada de Purén, idabi elinamandla lenzeka.
ICanto XXIX: Ama-Araucanians angena kwibhunga elitsha, anenjongo yokutshisa i-haciendas yawo.
Icandelo lesithathu
Cantos ukusuka XXX ukuya kuCanto XXXVII zikhankanyiwe ngokufutshane.
Canto XXX: Ukuphela kwedabi phakathi kweTucapel kunye neRengo.
Canto XXXI: U-Andresillo, uxelela uReinoso, malunga noko uPran akuvumileyo.
Canto XXXII: Ama-Araucanians ahlasela inqaba kwaye atshatyalaliswa yiSpanish.
Canto XXXIII: UDon Alonso, uqhubeka nohambo ngesikhephe de uyokufika eBiserta.
UCanto XXXIV: UReinoso noCaupolicán, bathetha ukuba uyavuma ukuba baza kufa, bafuna ukuba ngumKristu. ICaupolican iyafa
Canto XXXV: Abantu baseSpain bangena, bebanga indawo entsha.
UCanto XXXVI: I-cacique ishiya isikhephe sayo emhlabeni, inika abantu baseSpain into eyimfuneko kubo ukuze bathathe uhambo lwabo.
I-Canto XXXVII: Kwi-canto yokugqibela, imfazwe ichazwa njengelungelo labantu, kwaye kuthiwa uKumkani uDon Felipe wagcina ulongamo lwasePortugal, kunye nezicelo ezenziwe ngamaPhuthukezi zokuphikisa izixhobo zabo. kanye echazwe isishwankathelo sencwadi ethi Araucana Siza kujongana nezo zihambelana nokuqhubeka.
Ukuqhubekeka
Njengoko kubonisiwe u-Arauco owenziwe nguPedro de Oña, owavelisa ukuveliswa kwakhe; I-Puren engagungqiyo ka-Alférez Diego Arias de Saavedra, kufanelekile ukukhankanya u-Diego de Santisteban, owalungiselela indawo yesine neyesihlanu yeLa Araucana, malunga ne-1597, kunye noHernando okanye uFernando Álvarez de Toledo, umbhali wase-Araucana, enye inkcubeko. ubhala kwii-octaves zokwenyani, eziye zafumaneka kubafundi, kwiziqwenga ezikhankanywe ngumbhali-mbali uAlonso Ovalle.