Unomdla kwinkcubeko yamaMaya, kweli nqaku siza kukunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokuba ngubani uThixo wamaMaya Izamna, umdali kunye nomseki wenkcubeko yamaMaya, ukuba ngumyili oyintloko woyilo lwemimiselo kunye nemithetho elawulwa ngayo le mpucuko ebalulekileyo. Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into malunga nalo mfanekiso omkhulu wokhokho.
UThixo kaMayan Itzamna
Eyaziwa kwasekuqaleni njengomfundisi wamaMaya owafika kubantu baseChanes baseBacalar, abathi kamva babizwa ngokuba yi-Itzáes ngonyaka ka-525 AD, baseka isixeko saseChichen Itza.Oku kwenzeka kwinto ababeyibiza ngokuba ngumnombo wokuqala. okanye ithambeka elincinane lasempuma.
Kwisixeko saseChichen Itza, ii-chanes zaqala ukubeka iziseko zorhulumente wabo, kwaye kulapho u-Itzamna waqala khona ukufundisa ifilosofi yemfundiso yakhe ukususela ekubeni wayeyindoda elumkileyo eyathiya amagama kwiindawo kunye namazwe, ngaphezu koko. Iindawo eziphakamileyo zamaMaya, namhlanje aziwa ngokuba sisixeko saseYucatan.
Ngabo bonke ubulumko awayenabo u-Itzamna, waqala ukuyila imiqondiso yokuqala eyathi ekuhambeni kwexesha yaba ngoonobumba bomthonyama bedolophu, ngokuhamba kwexesha umbingeleli u-Itzamna wafumana igama lika-Izamna. lakin chan nto leyo ngolwimi lwesiMaya yayithetha “Umbingeleli ovela empumalanga”
Uthixo u-Itzamna unomsebenzi omkhulu kwinkcubeko yamaMaya kuba ungumanduleli wale nkcubeko kuba nguye owaqala ukwenza isitayile kunye nefilosofi yakhe ukusukela oko wafika kwisixeko saseChichen Itza xa yayisenziwa kwaye icwangciswa.
Imvelaphi kaThixo wamaMaya
Ukwazi imvelaphi yothixo wamaMaya u-Itzamna, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba wayegqalwa njengonyana kaHunab Ku, okuphela kothixo, ekuthiwa unamandla ezonyango kodwa nangaphezu kwezolimo yaye u-Itzamna engunyana wakhe wayenemvume yokwenza oko. endaweni yakhe kwaye asebenzise imisebenzi yakhe njengoThixo oyintloko wamaMaya, ukongeza ekuncedeni nasekuncedeni abantu baseMaya.
Ngokufanayo, uthixo wamaMaya u-Itzamna wayekho ekudalweni nasekusekweni kwabantu baseMaya waza wathabatha isikhundla sothixokazi oyintloko wamaMaya, wathatha isikhundla njengenkokeli yonqulo lwamaMaya kwaye engowembali yabantu, njengomyeni wesithixokazi u-Ixchel. noyise kaBhakabhi.
Xa kwenziwa isimntwiso sothixo wamaMaya u-Itzamna, wenziwa umntu omdala kakhulu nonomhlathi omkhulu kodwa akasenawo amazinyo kwaye izidlele zakhe zitshone.
I-hieroglyph eyenziwa kumfanekiso wakhe yenziwe yintloko kunye nenye inxalenye eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngumqondiso wemini eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Ahuac. Umqondiso wosuku uthetha ukuba ngukumkani kodwa kunye nemisebenzi yomlawuli okanye ukumkani.
Nangona inxalenye ye-hieroglyph ebhekisela kumfanekiso wakhe isixelela ukuba useka isikhundla sakhe njengothixo okhokelayo kwinkcubeko yamaMaya, engumxhasi we-Ahuac kwaye oku kwamnika amandla okuba ngowona ubalulekileyo kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amabini zamaMaya.
Kwimbali kaMayan uThixo u-Itzamna kuthiwa ngenxa yobulumko bakhe waqulunqa iincwadi kunye nokubhala, ngendlela efanayo wanika abantu baseMaya abahlala kwisixeko saseYucatan ngokukodwa kwi-peninsula yayo. Izahlulo zehlabathi.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkolo yothixo u-Itzamna ayenzeki kwi-peninsula yaseYucatan, ekubeni inkolo yakhe yaziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemimandla yaseMesoamerican, njengoko kuqinisekiswe ngabavubukuli abahlukeneyo abaye bafumana le miqondiso. Ewe, kuthiwa inkolo yakhe yaziswa ePetén.
Njengoko uthixo u-Itzamna unemvelaphi ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkcubeko yamaMaya, ibisoloko iyinkokeli yezithixo ezahlukeneyo zamaMaya, kwaye njengentloko ephambili ye-pantheon.
Njengomyili weencwadi kunye nokubhala, ukwabalwa ngokudala ezolimo kunye nendalo yabantu efana neekhalenda, ngendlela efanayo uzukiswa ngokudala imithetho nemimiselo elandelwa ngabantu baseMeya kwaye baqhubele phambili ekulawuleni kwakhe ngoku. isiphelo njengothixo olawulayo wempucuko yamaMaya.
UnguThixo woBulumko
Ukuba ngumfanekiso wentaka esibhakabhakeni kunye nenyoka emhlabeni, uthathwa njengoThixo wobulumko bamaMaya, ungumdali omkhulu wesayensi kunye nomqambi wobulumko, ukwatolika ingqondo yomntu ngeencwadi. ifom yayo eqhelekileyo oku kuquka iseti yeendlela kunye nezicelo kuzo zonke izinto zayo.
Inkcubeko yamaMaya ibiza uthixo wamaMaya njengoyise wobulumko, kuba unamandla okufumana izinto ezintsha njengamadoda, yingakho uthixo wase-Itzamna ebonakala njengombethe emafini nasesibhakabhakeni.
Ngendlela efanayo, yayingumthombo wamanzi angcwele ukuba abantu baseMeya bathatha amagqabi ezityalo ezahlukeneyo ezazisetyenziselwa ukwenza amasiko kunye nemikhosi. Kungenxa yoko le nto idityaniswe nomthi wehlabathi, eyona ndawo iphambili edibanisa umhlaba nesibhakabhaka kwaye kwangaxeshanye nehlabathi eliphantsi komhlaba.
Ekubeni wayenguthixo wesibhakabhaka, kwakusithiwa unamandla anxulunyaniswa nenyanga, ilanga, umoya kwaneminye imimandla. Ngale ndlela uthixo u-Itzamna ubizwa ngokuba nguyise wabo bonke oothixo kuba amandla nobulumko bakhe babunxulunyaniswa nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nezityalo nezilwanyana ezaziyingwenya, ikoko, umbona, ixhalanga okanye i-ceiba. ukuba ufundise abantu indlela yokulima ezi zityalo.
Amandla kaItzamna
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkcubeko yamaMaya yamthatha yayisa kwisidalwa sasentsomini, ngale ndlela i-Itzamna yayiyesibini samandla amakhulu, ekubeni wayengumyeni wesithixokazi u-IX CHEL okanye owaziwa ngokuba nguthixokazi u-O. Bebonke babengabazali be abanye oothixo benkcubeko yamaMaya, ngale ndlela ngolwimi lwaseMayan igama elithi Itzamna lithetha ingwenya, okanye iciliga, abanye abaphandi bakwaqinisekisa ukuba inokuguqulelwa njengentlanzi enkulu.
Kodwa kwisuntswana elithi "Itz" legama layo linokuguqulelwa kwiSpanish njenge "Mbethe" okanye "izinto ezisemafini kodwa ngolwimi lwesiQuechua iguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukuvumisa okanye ubugqwirha kodwa ekuhlaziyweni ukuba ulwimi lwalunalo ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseYucatecan lithetha ukuba “kunokuxelwa kwangaphambili okanye kucingwe”
Iinkalo zoThixo wamaMaya
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uthixo u-Itzamna kuthiwa nguye owayila ukubhala kweMaya, kodwa ukwaziwa ngokuyila inzululwazi, yiyo loo nto echazwa njengomntu omdala kakhulu, enobunkokeli obaphembelela abantu baseMayan bakhe. Igama lalilandelwa ngumqondiso we-Akbal, uhlobo lomqondiso oludityaniswe nobumnyama kunye nobusuku.
Kodwa ngendlela efanayo idityaniswe okanye idityaniswe nenyanga, ekubeni uThixo u-Itzamna ugqalwa njengoothixo ababini, kuba udibanisa isibhakabhaka nomhlaba, nobomi nokufa, indoda nenkazana, ubumnyama nokukhanya.
Emasangweni angaphantsi komhlaba idityaniswa nokuzalwa nokufa, kunye nokudityaniswa nombona. Kwisixeko saseYucatan kwixesha le-Postclassic, unkulunkulu u-Itzamna wayenqulwa njengothixo weyeza kuba kwakukho izifo ezinxulumene nefom yakhe, ezifana ne-chills, i-asthma kunye nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphefumula.
UThixo u-Itzamna wayedityaniswe nomthi ongcwele wehlabathi owaziwa ngokuba yi-ceiba, unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, ngaphezu komhlaba kunye nomhlaba ophantsi owaziwa ngokuba yi-Xibalba.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga nothixo u-Itzamna libalulekile, ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo:
- Iintsomi zamaMaya
- Umzobo wamaMaya
- Iimpawu IiMeya