Siyakwazi ukwahlula ngokulula phakathi kweziqhamo ezininzi kunye nemifuno, kodwa xa kufikwa kumbuzo omdala wokuba ingaba itumato sisiqhamo okanye imifuno, asazi ukuba masithini! Impendulo kuqala kukuba iitumato ziziqhamo zombini kunye nemifuno. Ngelixa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno zibala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 ecetyiswayo yeenkonzo zemihla ngemihla, kukho umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwazo.
Nangona kunjalo, inokuxhomekeka ekubeni uthetha na nengcali yezityalo esebenzisa inkcazelo yezityalo, okanye ingcali yezondlo okanye umpheki onokusebenzisa ingcaciso yokupheka.. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba itumata sisiqhamo okanye imifuno kwaye ufuna ukufumanisa, sijoyine kweli nqaku linomdla.
Lo ngomnye weyona mibuzo iqhele ukuviwa ngokubanzi ngebhotani. Kubantu abaninzi, Iitumato zinokufana kakhulu ne-lettuce okanye i-cauliflower kune-apile okanye iibhanana, kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Ngoko ke abanye abantu bakholelwa ngamandla ukuba ngumifuno kuba siwunxulumanisa nemifuno, ngoxa abanye bengavumelani nayo yaye bewugqala njengesiqhamo. Iyintoni imbono yokuthengwa kwansuku zonke kwaye yintoni isayensi?
Umbuzo ongundoqo, ingaba itumato sisiqhamo okanye imifuno?
Kwabo bangakwaziyo ukulinda ukuphela kwenqaku, nantsi impendulo ekhawulezayo: itumato sisiqhamo. Ke ngoku uya kuzibuza ukuba kutheni zifumaneka kwicandelo lemifuno kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile enkulu okanye igrocer yendawo, ecaleni kwento efana namakhukhamba okanye amathanga. Ewe, ukumangaliswa kwabo bafunda oku, ukhukhamba kunye namathanga, umzekelo, nazo ziziqhamo, ubuncinane kwi-botanical sense. Kamva siza kuphawula ngengcaciso kunye nomahluko phakathi kweziqhamo nemifuno ukuze sicacise kakuhle.
Njengentshayelelo sikuxelela ukuba Itumato sisiqhamo sohlobo lweSolanaceae (Solanum lycopersicum), ngoko ke sisiqhamo kuba sisenza isiqhamo sesityalo.
Ukuba itumato sisiqhamo, kutheni sisithi yimifuno?
Ukukubeka kumxholo, iingxoxo zokuqala malunga nokuba i-tomato sisiqhamo okanye imifuno ibuyele ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngonyaka 1886ENew York, irhafu ye-10% yavunywa esetyenziswa kuyo yonke imifuno ebalulekileyo. Kulo mxholo, UJohn Nix, owayengumrhwebi owayesuka eIndiya esiya eNew York, wathi irhafu iphuma kwigosa lezempahla, u-Edward Hedden, ngenxa yokuba iitumato zakhe ziziqhamo. kwaye ke ayengahlawuliswa rhafu.
Le ngxoxo yade yafikelela nasezinkundleni, kwiminyaka emithathu kamva iNkundla ePhakamileyo yakhupha isigwebo esichaza ukuba iitumato ziyimifuno kwaye ngoko zixhomekeke kwiirhafu. Umgwebi uJ. Horace Gray wavuma ngelo xesha ukuba nangona Iitamatato zisisiqhamo sezityalo kwaye, ngoko ke, isiqhamo, ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo abazange bacingelwe njalo kuba banikwa isaladi okanye isidlo sakusihlwa, kungekhona kwi-dessert, yindlela isiqhamo esidla ngokusetyenziswa ngayo.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-precedent yasungulwa ukwahlula ukuhlelwa kwe-tomato ngokwe-botanical, i-culinary okanye eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuthenga. Ngenxa yoko, ingxoxo isaqhubeka nanamhlanje.
Umahluko phakathi kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunika inkcazo esisiseko yento ngoku ithathwa njengesiqhamo okanye imifuno. Kufuneka kuthiwe akukho kula magama ingcamango yobugcisa yebhotani, ingakumbi leyo yemifuno, kodwa zombini zinenkcazo jikelele.
- Okokuqala, imifuno, zizinto ezityiwayo zezityalo, ngaphandle kwesiqhamo esisityayo thina bantu. Njengoko ubona, le yinkcazo ebanzi kakhulu ebandakanya zombini iintlobo esitya amagqabi kunye neentlobo esitya kuzo iziqu, iintyatyambo, iingcambu, iibhalbhu okanye iibhubhu.
- Kwaye kwindawo yesibini, iziqhamo Yinxalenye etyiwayo yesiqhamo saso nasiphi na isityalo. Ingaba isityalo, isihlahla, okanye umthi, ithathwa njengesiqhamo nje kuphela i-ovary ekhulileyo equlethe imbewu kunye ne-pulp yesityalo kwaye iyatyiwa. Nangona ezolimo zanamhlanje zikwazile ukuvelisa ezinye iintlobo ngembewu engekavuthwa, engenanto, okanye engaqondakaliyo, isiqhamo sihlala sizalisekisa umsebenzi wokuzala kwisityalo.
Unale nto engqondweni, kukho ukonwaba kweemveliso zezityalo ezicingelwa ngokubanzi njengemifuno, kwaye eneneni eziziziqhamo, ubuncinci ngendlela esesikweni, inzululwazi yezityalo.
Ngoko ngaba itumato yimifuno?
Nangona sele kuthethiwe, akukho lula ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iitumato sisiqhamo hayi imifuno. Umzekelo, iRAE iyichaza ngolu hlobo:
1m Iqunube elibomvu, isiqhamo sesityalo setumata, esinomphezulu ogudileyo kwaye umenyezelayo, apho kukho intlaninge yembewu ecaba kunye netyheli.
kunjalo, kukho iindidi zetumato ezinencasa eswiti kunezinye. Ngokucacileyo ayimnandi njengequnube okanye ibhanana, ngoko kulula ukutyibilika kwibhokisi ekhrisimesi. Kanjalo, itumato ayinaswiti kwaye ayinatyuwa: ngu-umami, incasa efumaneka ngakumbi nangakumbi ekutyeni kwanamhlanje. Incasa yeumami ichazwa njengencasa ethambileyo kunye nexesha elide. Umzekelo, incasa yenyama ephilisiweyo, ukutya kwaselwandle, kunye nokutya okuvundisiweyo okufana netshizi, okanye kule meko itumato.
Ukubuyela ekubeni i-tomato yimifuno okanye hayi, imifuno ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengezityalo esizikhula kwiigadi kwaye sizityele ukutya, ngaphandle kweziqhamo kunye neenkozo. Ke ekubeni sidla kuphela isiqhamo sesityalo setumata, esivumela isityalo ukuba siqhubeke sivelisa ukutya okuninzi, ngokobuchwephesha ayithathwa njengemifuno. Nangona ikhuliswa kumabhoma ehlabathini jikelele. Nangona oku, kuyaziwa ukuba oku akuthinteli ukuba iitumata zibe neqela kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezifana nekhukhamba okanye i-pepper, zibhekwa njengemifuno ngenxa yokutya kwazo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kuwe ukuba ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokutya okusisiseko kukutya kweMeditera, okufana netumata.