itsunami enkulu emhlabeni

itsunami enkulu emhlabeni

Iitsunami, kukho abo bazibiza ngokuba bubushushu bolwandle. Ziyizinto ezibhubhisayo kwezo ndawo zihluphekayo, zifikelela kwisantya samaza kufutshane ne-800 km / h. Zibangelwa kugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo okanye iintshukumo zomhlaba ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ngale mini Siza kukwazisa ngeyona tsunami inkulu kwaye itshabalalisa kakhulu ehlabathini.

Igama elithi tsunami, liye lakhula njengoko lalibizwa ngokuba ngamaza amaza. Ziveliswa ngaphakathi isiphumo sokushukuma ngokuthe nkqo kwebhloko yoqweqwe lolwandle, ekhokelela ekufudukeni okulandela emva komthamo omkhulu wamanzi. Ezi ziganeko zendalo zibonakaliswa ngamaza amakhulu kwaye anamandla anokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30.

Usuku Ngomhla wesi-5 kuNovemba wonyaka ngamnye, ukususela ngo-2015 iNdibano Jikelele yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ikhethe olu suku njenge Usuku lweHlabathi lokuQatshelwa kweTsunami. Kukho amawakawaka abantu abaphulukene nobomi babo ngenxa yezi ziganeko. Ziyenye yezona ziphumo zendalo ezitshabalalisayo ezaziwa, zitshabalalisa yonke into ewela indlela yabo, ubomi, amakhaya, iinkampani, izixeko zonke.

Yintoni itsunami kwaye yenziwa njani?

Ukuwa kwetsunami

Okokuqala, sifuna ukucacisa ukuba yintoni le nto yendalo kwaye zeziphi izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukubonakala kwayo.

I-tsunami okanye amaza olwandle, Liza eliza okanye ukulandelelana kwamaza atyhalwa ngogonyamelo ngamandla ngamandla ashukuma ngokuthe nkqo.. Esi siphumo sendalo sinokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ezifana nokudubula okukhulu, iinyikima, iintaba-mlilo, ukudilika komhlaba elunxwemeni okanye iintshukumo zangaphantsi komhlaba.

Amaza avela kwiitsunami, zinokufikelela kubukhulu ebesingenakuze sibucinge. Ukunyakaza okuqinileyo phantsi kwamanzi kuyimbangela yempembelelo ye-whip eyenza ukudala amaza amakhulu, nokufikelela kwisantya ukuya kwi-800 km / h.

Kule meko, yenaAmaza awaphulukani nobude xa esondela elunxwemeni kwaye anokufikelela ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-30 Mde. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaza adla ngokufikelela kubukhulu beemitha ezi-6 okanye ezi-7. Abaphulukani nobude, kodwa bayaphulukana nesantya njengoko ubunzulu bolwandle busiya buncipha.

Oyena nobangela weetsunami ziinyikima., okanye iintshukumo zomhlaba ezenzeka enzulwini yolwandle. Ukushukuma ngesiquphe kakhulu kukhathazwa kwicala elithe nkqo, ngoko ke ulwandle luyatshintshwa. La maza makhulu enziwa xa inkitha yamanzi izama ukubuyisela ibhalansi yendalo.

cacisa, ukuba ayizizo zonke iinyikima ezibangela olu hlobo lweziganeko zendalo, kuphela ezo zinkulu kakhulu nezikwaziyo ukulungisa umhlaba wolwandle.

Nawuphi na ummandla apho ulwandle lukhona, lunokubandezeleka ngolu hlobo lweziphumo ezitshabalalisayo, kodwa zikholisa ukubakho kwiindawo zoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, apho iinyikima ezinobukhulu obuphezulu zikholisa ukuba zixhaphake kakhulu. Ezinye zezona tsunami zinkulu ziye zenzeka kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kodwa kuye kwakho iimeko kwi-Atlantic kunye neMeditera.

Imithetho yoKhuseleko lweTsunami

imimiselo yenyikima

https://www.eldiario.es/

Okokuqala, ngu ukukwazisa ukuba uhlala kwindawo eselunxwemeni ukuba abalawuli bakho banemimiselo ekufuneka bayilandele xa kusenzeka ezo ziganeko. Ukuba kunjalo, umele ulandele ingongoma nganye ebonisiweyo. Okulandelayo, siza kukubonisa imithetho esisiseko yokhuseleko xa kukho itsunami.

Okokuqala, kufuneka kugcinwe inzolo, kuyaqondwa ukuba yimeko eyothusayo kwaye engaziwayo kodwa asimele silahlekelwe yimizwa yethu. Kufuneka uhlale ulungile, ekubeni le nto yendalo ayinamhla, oko kukuthi, inokwenzeka nanini na.

Yiba nesicwangciso sosapho sikaxakeka esilungiselelwe, kunye nobhaka wokhuseleko ngezinto ezisisiseko ezifana namayeza, iimpahla okanye ukutya. Kunyanzelekile ukuba zazi iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu phambi kwemeko efana nale, iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kunye neendawo apho abo bachaphazelekayo kufuneka baye khona.

Chonga iindawo zokufuduka, zombini izakhiwo kunye nommandla ochaphazelekayo okanye isixeko, kubalulekile ukuba le nkqubo iqhutywe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.

Ukunikela ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na imiqondiso yendalo enokuthi yenzeke kubaluleke kakhulu.. Nayiphi na intshukumo yomhlaba eyomeleleyo eyenza ukuhamba kube nzima, ixesha elide, izandi zeesiren okanye ungenelelo losasazo ziingcali okanye abasemagunyeni. Kwakhona, kusenokubakho utshintsho kwinqanaba lolwandle okanye izandi ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukuba kunjalo ukubandezeleka inyikima kufuneka bazikhusele ngoko nangoko, ukudada, ukugquma nokubamba. Njengomgaqo jikelele, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuzikhusela phantsi kwetafile okanye enye into efanayo.

Xa iimpawu zetsunami ziqala ukubonakala, kufuneka uphume kwiindawo ezinobungozi kwaye ufike kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Yiya kwindawo ekude nonxweme kwaye kukhethwa ukuba ibe phezulu. Ukuba olu fuduso lwenziwa ngabasemagunyeni, musa ukuthandabuza ukulandela imiyalelo kunye nomyalelo ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, eyona nto ibalulekileyo, xa sele ukwindawo ekhuselekileyo ungayishiyi de abo banoxanduva babonise ukuba kwenzekile kwaye akukho ngozi. Oku kungathatha iiyure ngoko ke ungalahli ithemba.

Eyona tsunami itshabalalisayo kwimbali

Kwiminyaka emininzi ngoku, idatha iyafumaneka kwitsunami yokuqala kwimbali. Kummandla weMeditera, uninzi lwezi ziganeko ziyintlekele zenzeka. Kweli candelo siya kulo kugxininise kweyona ntlekele inkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

 Valdivia, ngo-1960

Valdivia, ngo-1960

https://www.rtve.es/

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yinyikima enkulu eChile, yenzeka ngoMeyi 1960. Eli phondo latsala nzima enye yezona nyikima zinamandla kwinkumbulo ephilayo kunye nobukhulu be-9.5 kwisikali se-Richter.

I-tsunami eyaba ngumphumo yasasazeka kwiPasifiki ishiya abantu abazizigidi ezibini bengenamakhaya nangaphezulu Bangama-6000 XNUMX ababulawa ziintlekele. Kwakukho amaza afikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama.

KwiiPhilippines, ngowe-1976

IGophe laseMoro kwiiPhilippines, ngoAgasti 1976, phila inyikima ye-8 degrees okukhokelele kwimvelaphi yetsunami eyaphela kwindawo eziselunxwemeni lwalo mmandla.

Le tsunami, emva kwayo Ubuncinci bashiya abemi abangama-90 9500 bengenamakhaya, phantse abangama-XNUMX XNUMX befile yaye abangama-XNUMX XNUMX bebonke benzakele.. Ukuza kuthi ga ngaloo mhla yayiyenye yezona tsunami zabulala abantu abaninzi ehlabathini.

eKholombiya, ngo-1979

Inyikima enomlinganiselo we-8.1 yabakho ngoDisemba 1979 kunxweme lwePasifiki eKholombiya nase-Ecuador. Oomasipala abathandathu kunye namakhulu-khulu abantu ababhubhileyo ngoonobangela bokudlula kwetsunami kwezi ndawo. Ukongeza kule monakalo, ushiye inani elikhulu labantu abalahlekileyo.

I-Indian Ocean, ngo-2004

I-Indian Ocean, ngo-2004

https://www.nationalgeographic.es/

Kude kube namhlanje, enye yezona tsunami zitshabalalisayo ezaziwayo, kwenzeka eIndonesia ngowama-2004. Inani lamaxhoba ngenxa yale nto yendalo lifikelela ngaphezu kwama-250 amawaka.

le tsunami, Yabangelwa yinyikima emazantsi olwandle. Iingcali zichaza ukuba yenzeka xa ipleyiti yaseIndiya yabandezeleka yinkqubo yokuthotywa kwepleyiti yaseBurma, ibangela eyona ntlekele yendalo inkulu.

EJapan, ngo-2011

EJapan, ngo-2011

https://www.nationalgeographic.es/

NgoMatshi 2011, Inyikima enomlinganiselo we-9.1 kwisikali sikaRichter yabetha iJapan.. Amandla akhutshiweyo yile ntshukumo yomhlaba avelise itsunami eyaziwa ngokuba yinyikima yeGreat East Japan.

Babhalisile amaza obude obuziimitha ezili-10, kwenye yezona tsunami zitshabalalisayo kunye nobude bemizuzu emi-6, eshiya ngasemva indawo yentshabalalo kunye nenkangala. Ngokumalunga nama-20 abantu ababhubhileyo kunye nabantu abangama-2500 abalahlekileyo.

Lo mkhwa, yabangela intlekele yenyukliya kwiziko lamandla enyukliya iFukishima Daiichi. Inyikima yabangela ukuba banyibilike baze bakhuphe ukukhutshwa kwemitha yemitha okwaba nemiphumo kumawaka abemi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi ngakumbi kwi Ngo-2018 kwabhalwa iitsunami ezimbini kwindawo enye. Owokuqala kubo wayehlala kuwo Indonesia apho inyikima 7.0 kumlinganiselo weRichter, yabangela itsunami ngoSeptemba waloo nyaka, ishiya amaxhoba amalunga nama-2000 XNUMX.

I-Indonesia, 2018

https://elpais.com/

El enye nayo yenzeke eIndonesia, ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo yaseAnak Krakatoa ngoDisemba 2018, ishiya i-400 ifile ngenxa yokudlula kwetsunami.

Kukho iirekhodi ezininzi zeetsunami kwimbali, siye sakhankanya ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwilahleko yabantu, impahla kunye nezoqoqosho.

Sekunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iya kwenzeka nini okanye phi into engokwemvelo elolu hlobo. Kodwa, kwizixeko ezininzi ezimi kufutshane noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki zineenkqubo ezithile zokulumkisa kunye nokucwangciswa kokufuduka xa kukho imingcipheko yolu hlobo.

Kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa iimpawu zangaphambili ezibonakala phambi kwetsunami enokwenzeka. Ungalibali ukulandela iingcebiso zabasemagunyeni, kwaye uhlale uzolile. Ukulandela imithetho yokhuseleko echazwe ziingcali, ezinye zazo esizikhankanyileyo kwinqaku elidlulileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka uqaphele umngcipheko wokuba olu hlobo lwendalo lwendalo lubeka, kungekhona kuwe kuphela kodwa kwabo bakungqongileyo ngokusekelwe kwizigqibo ozenzayo.


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