Ixesha le-Victorian laliquka ixesha apho abantu babesoloko befuna isimbo sabo. Sithetha ngexesha apho kwaqhubeka imvakalelo yokubhideka ngokuphathelele ubuhle, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwiindlela zokuyilwa eziphikisana ngokupheleleyo. Isitayile seVictorian sisimbo esibandakanya uyilo, ifashoni, imihombiso kunye noyilo kwaye sasisebenza ngexesha lolawulo lukaVictoria waseBritane.
Esi simbo saqala njengeseti yesiphithiphithi kodwa kancinci kancinci sashiya uphawu lwaso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi njengeGreat Britain.. Yasasazeka kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseYurophu, idala umkhwa phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo eyafikelela kuyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba siqulathe ntoni esi simbo? Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zesitayela se-Victorian? Hlala ubukele, masiqalise.
Iqala nini indlela yeVictorian?
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Esi simbo sithetha ngaso sisimbo esidibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana noyilo, ifashoni, uncwadi kunye noyilo, phakathi kwamanye. Ixesha leVictorian liphawula ukuqala kwalo ngexesha lolawulo lukaKumkanikazi waseBritane uVictoria. njengoko siye sabonisa ekuqaleni kwale mpapasho, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ngeli xesha leVictorian, I-United Kingdom yenza inguqu ebalulekileyo yaba lelinye lawona magunya aphambili kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yeNguqu yezoShishino. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, yakwazi ukuba bubukhosi behlabathi kunye namathanga asasazwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Yintoni ebonisa ixesha le-Victorian?
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Ixesha leVictorian liphawulwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo abalulekileyo njengalawo siza kuthi ngezantsi.
Eli nqanaba libonakaliswa ngokufumana uthotho lweenguqu zombini kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Olu tshintsho lwaba nempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu lwaloo maxesha. Eli xesha sithetha ngalo ligxile kumasiko, uncwadi, ubugcisa, izakhiwo, njl.
Njengoko sichazile kwintshayelelo, ixesha leVictorian yayilixesha elithile elibhidayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba baxube ithemba malunga nokukhula kwemizi-mveliso, uphuhliso lwezixeko, ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokukhula kwe-United Kingdom, kunye nemvakalelo yokukhumbula. ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengokuncipha kwabemi kwiidolophu ezincinci, ukulahleka kwezithethe ezithile kunye nokuhambela phambili kobuchule obutsha kwindalo.
Oku kuphikisana sithetha ngako, kubonakala kwimbali yeli xesha xa kukhankanywa umgangatho ophindwe kabini weVictorian. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwakukho imimiselo ethile ngelo xesha eyayifuna ukunyanzeliswa kokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ukufuna ubungqongqo kunye nemilinganiselo ethile ye-puritanical. Okwenzekileyo kukuba uluntu aluzange lubelane ngezi ngcamango kwaye lwasuka kuzo.
Kwilizwe lezopolitiko, kuvela uluvo olutsha lokuvumela amacandelo amatsha ukuba athathe inxaxheba, nangona abasetyhini ngeli xesha bebesathotyiwe. Qaphela ukuba kwakungeli xesha lembali apho abafazi baqala ukulwela amalungelo abo.
Uluntu lweVictorian lwahlulwa phakathi kwamaqela amathathu achazwe kakuhle.; i ulawulo lwezihandiba ababengabanini bomhlaba omninzi. Ukongeza ekubeni nempembelelo enkulu kunye nokumelwa kwimibutho yezopolitiko yelo xesha. I oohlohlesakhe, eyayenziwe ngabatyali-mali kunye nabantu abazizityebi ngenxa yoshishino. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, iklasi ephantsi eyayibunjwe ngabasebenzi, abalimi kunye nabantu abenza umsebenzi wenkonzo.
Sele sisazi iinkcukacha ezincinci malunga nexesha le-Victorian, siyazi imvelaphi yayo kunye nezinye iimpawu zayo eziphambili. Kodwa ixesha lifikile lokufumanisa ukuba yintoni esemva kwesitayile seVictorian, ukuba yintoni, yintoni na, ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo, njl.
Yintoni isimbo seVictorian?
Ixesha le-Victorian laphawulwa luphuhliso loshishino kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseYurophu. Ngeli xesha lembali, izimbo ezitsha zaqala ukubonakala kwintsimi yezokwakha. Kubantu abakumgangatho ophakathi ngelo xesha, eli xesha yayilixesha lempumelelo. Kwaphawulwa ngokubonakala kwendlela entsha yokuhombisa eyayiluphawu lobutyebi.
ulwakhiwo lweVictoria
Kwindlela yolwakhiwo lweli xesha, ukumkanikazi waloo maxesha, uKumkanikazi uVictoria, wayenempembelelo enkulu. oku kwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ihlabathi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yamathanga ahlukeneyo eNgilani awayenayo ngelo xesha.
Isitayile seVictorian soyilo lwezakhiwo lubonakaliswa ikakhulu ngu sebenzisa izinto zesitayile seGothic kunye nezinye izitayile zenqanaba leRenaissance. Umxube wezitayela, ezibangele uhlobo olutsha loyilo olunokuthi lubonakale kumakhaya exesha, zombini kwizakhiwo zikawonkewonke kunye nezizimeleyo.
Enye yezinto ezihambelana kakhulu nesitayela se-Victorian yi-ornamentation, kuba inokufumaneka zombini kwi-facade yezakhiwo kunye nangaphakathi.. Zombini izitena kunye neekeramics zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwee-facades, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibala engaphezu kwemibini.
Ukuba sijonga kwixesha elizayo xa sibona uthotho okanye imuvi malunga nezindlu ezixhaphakileyo, siya kuqonda ukuba uninzi lwamatyala ezi zakhiwo zinesitayile seVictorian. Siya kuyazi indlela yokuyahlula kungekuphela nje kule miba sisandul' ukuyikhankanya, kodwa nakwiveranda enophahla ngaphandle, iingcango ezimbini okanye amathala eencwadi ayo amakhulu.
Umhombiso wesitayela seVictorian
Okwangoku, asiqhelekanga ukubona olu hlobo lokuhombisa rhoqo njengoko lwalunjalo ngelo xesha, kuba kukho abo bacinga ukuba lugqithise kumakhaya abo. Kodwa kwabo banomdla wokwazi ukuba yintoni umhlobiso wexesha kunye nesi sitayela, sikunika isikhokelo sokukunika ingcamango. Isimbo sabathandi besithethe, imbali, izinto ezindala kunye nokugqithisa.
Imibala esetyenzisiweyo kwesi simbo yayingamathoni aqaqambileyo kodwa kwiithoni ezimnyama. Iinkuni zazisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi, zombini kwifenitshala kunye nezinto zokuhombisa. Imibala efana nebomvu, eluhlaza, igolide okanye emdaka yimibala yakudala ehamba nesimbo.
iimpahla ze-victorian
Into esisiseko ngeli xesha nesingenakuyeka ukuthetha ngayo ngamalaphu enziwe amakhaya okanye imihombiso yeli nqanaba, into ebaluleke kakhulu kweli xesha lembali. Ushishino lwamalaphu lwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yentshukumo yoshishino eyaqala eYurophu. LAmalaphu asetyenzisiweyo kwilaphu yohlobo lwe-Victorian yivelvet, apho iipateni zeentyatyambo bezivele zibonakale kwaye zinokubonwa kwi-upholstery okanye ikhethini ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakhona gqamisa ubuchule bokuhombisa njengomsebenzi weli xesha kwaye ngenxa yoko, amalaphu ayenokubaluleka okukhulu.. Amagumbi ahamba nolu hlobo lwamalaphu yayingamagumbi enziwe ngamaplanga anefanitshala enkulu nenomtsalane. Uninzi lwazo lwenziwe ngezandla ngamagcisa exesha. Zombini izitulo kunye armchairs ukuba sinokubona era Victorian zintle kakhulu, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ezi upholsteries, kodwa zinokuba ngandlel inzima ngayo.
uvictorian ukukhanya
Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo esinokuyigqamisa ngaphakathi kokuhlobisa kweVictorian kukusetyenziswa kwezibuko njengento yokuhombisa. Zazisetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, ukongezelela ekunikeni ubukhulu kwiindawo ezibekwe kuzo, imisebenzi efanayo naleyo yanamhlanje.
Ukuba siya kolunye uhlobo lwezinto zokukhanya, kufuneka sithethe malunga nama-chandeliers. Ezi zinto zibonelele ngombono wobukhazikhazi kunye nobuhle obuqhelekileyo besitayile seVictorian esisihlalutyayo.
Imizobo edumileyo ngexesha leVictorian
Ixesha le-Victorian lingachazwa njengexesha lokukhangela rhoqo kwisitayela sayo. Kwakukho ukubhideka rhoqo malunga ne-aesthetics eyakhokelela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuyila ezazingekho ncam. Ngeli nqanaba lembali, sinokugqamisa amanani ahlukeneyo anxulumene nehlabathi lobugcisa kunye noyilo.
Njengoko kunokuba njalo, umzekelo, umyili wezakhiwo uPugin obizwa ngokuba ngumyili wokuqala weXIX. Pugin, wanikwa umsebenzi wokuyila izinto zokuhombisa zepalamente yaseBritane. Kwakhona, umzobo womshicileli kunye nabavakalisi uLouis Prang unokugqanyiswa. Wayengumkhuthazi wehlabathi lobugcisa yaye wayekwabandakanyeka nasekusetyenzisweni kwemifanekiso eshicilelweyo. Umyili u-Owen Jones naye ufanelwe ukuqatshelwa. ekubeni, unegunya ehlabathini umbala kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kuyilo.
La ngamanye amanani aphambili esingenakusilela ukuwaqaqambisa kuphuhliso lweli nqanaba leVictorian. Imizobo yelo xesha yaphinda yaveliswa ngenxa yobuchule bechromolithography. Uhlaziyo, olwanika ithuba lokukwazi ukushicilela amawaka eekopi ezigcwele umbala.
Imizobo esiyibonayo kweli xesha yaduma kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kombala, iimilo ezizenzileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweetypografi, izinto zokuhombisa, njl. Imbonakalo elandelayo yokufota yazisa utshintsho olukhulu kubugcisa beli xesha.
Ezi zezinye iinyani malunga nesitayile seVictorian esasidume kakhulu ngexesha lolawulo lukaKumkanikazi uVictoria. Abanye babo, njengoko sesichazile, bahamba kakhulu bewela imida kwaye bafumana ukuthandwa kwezi ndawo zintsha. Ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu kunye nobubanzi, isimbo seVictorian kuzo zombini izakhiwo kunye nokuhombisa kunye noyilo sinokubonwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ngakumbi kwiikoloni zalo zangaphambili. Siyathemba ukuba ufunde into entsha kwaye unomdla wokwazi okanye nokundwendwela ezinye zeendawo apho unokufumana khona olu hlobo.