Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni kwaye njani? tyala imali emanzini? Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyenze ngokuchanekileyo kunye neenzuzo zayo.
tyala imali emanzini
Yonke imihla, imarike yemasheya ihamba rhoqo, amawaka abantu athenga kwaye athengise iimveliso yonke imihla ehlala efumana kwaye elahlekelwa yimali. Kwimarike yemasheya ungathenga kwaye uthengise inani elikhulu lezinto, ukusuka kwizabelo zeenkampani ezaziwayo ezifana neNetflix, kwiimali zotyalo-mali zamaqela amakhulu eenkampani, nangona kunjalo, enye yezona mveliso zibalulekileyo ezihamba kwi-stock market ziyimpahla. .
Izinto ezithengiswayo zizo zonke ezo mpahla zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo, zisisiseko kwaye ezinye iimveliso zentengiso zenziwe kuzo, oko kukuthi, zizinto eziluhlaza. Ukongeza, ezi mpahla zisisiseko zinophawu olukhethekileyo lokungabi nalo naliphi na ixabiso elongezelelweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo azilungiswanga kwaye zinomgangatho ofanayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso, phakathi kwazo ezo zendalo yamandla, isinyithi semizi-mveliso, ezolimo kunye namandla. Ngaphakathi kolu lwahlulo, ezinye zezinto ezithandwa kakhulu yingqolowa, umbona, ioli okanye igesi, nangona kunjalo, kukho ubutyebi, obukwayinto esisiseko, ekhoyo ekwenziweni kwayo nayiphi na enye imveliso kwimarike, Amanzi.
Amanzi, ubuncwane bolwelo
Amanzi, kunye neoksijini, sesinye sezona zibonelelo zibalulekileyo kungekuphela nje kubomi bethu kodwa nasekuphileni kwehlabathi liphela. Amanzi ayimfuneko kubomi bomntu, umntu oqhelekileyo usela malunga ne-3.8 cubic metres yamanzi ngenyanga kwaye usebenzisa malunga ne-2500 ukuya kwi-5000 yeelitha ngonyaka.
Amanzi ayimfuneko ngokulinganayo ukuze zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ziphile emhlabeni. Zonke izityalo zifuna amanzi ukuze ziphile, ezinye ngaphezu kwezinye, kodwa zonke zifuna amanzi.
Amanzi, ke ngoko, asetyenziswa kwimveliso yayo nayiphi na imveliso kwimarike. Ukususela kwi-apula emthini ukuya kwimveliso ye-steak, amanzi akuyo yonke indawo; Umzekelo woku uyaphawuleka xa kuhlalutywa ukuba ukuvelisa iorenji, kufuneka iilitha ezingama-50 zamanzi, iilitha ezingama-650 zamanzi kwiigram ezingama-500 zesonka, iilitha ezingama-2500 500 kwiigram ezingama-4500 zetshizi neelitha ezingama-300 XNUMX kwiigram ezingama-XNUMX zenyama yenkomo.
Ke ngoko, ukutyala imali emanzini kutyala imali kwenye yezona mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike iphela. Amanzi lukhetho lotyalo-mali olusebenzayo lwexesha elide olunembuyekezo entle ebantwini, nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba oku kuyenzeka.
Ingxaki yamanzi ehlabathini
Umhlaba ugutyungelwe ngamanzi ngama-75% kuphela, nto leyo enokusishiya sinoluvo lokuba enyanisweni amanzi akanakuba nexabiso lobungakanani bawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubeka iglasi yokukhulisa kwezi xabiso sinokuqonda ukuba, kwesi sixa samanzi emhlabeni, i-97.5% inetyuwa kwaye kuphela i-2.5% yamanzi ahlambulukileyo, alungele ukusetyenziswa komntu.
Xa sijonga nzulu ngakumbi kweli nani sifumanisa ukuba inani liyancipha ngakumbi. Ngaphakathi kwesi-2.5% samanzi acocekileyo, i-70% iphuma kumkhenkce kwiipali kwaye i-29% ikwimo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba; kuphela i-1% yala manzi amatsha afumaneka kumphezulu kwaye azibonakalise kumachibi okanye emilanjeni.
Ukuthatha le 1% yamanzi amatsha afunyenwe phezu komhlaba ewonke, i-70% yala manzi isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela amasimi ezolimo kwaye i-20% yala manzi isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemveliso kwiimarike. Ekugqibeleni, i-10% eseleyo ifumaneka kumakhaya ethu njengoko isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya.
Ngenxa yoku kuchazwe ngasentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba ngokwawo amanzi okusetyenziswa kwabantu ancitshiswe kakhulu xa sithelekisa namanzi angafanelanga ukusetyenziswa. Ukongeza koku, amanzi okusela asetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweemveliso nawo anqongophele kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona mpahla zibalulekileyo kwimarike yemasheya.
IZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo woKutya waMazwe ngaMazwe libonise ngendlela eyothusayo ukuba kule minyaka ili-15 izayo umsantsa phakathi kobonelelo kunye nemfuneko yamanzi okusela uza kunyuka ukuya kutsho kuma-40% kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokufanayo, iBhanki yaseMelika inike ingxelo yokuba iinkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo zamanzi zehlabathi ziya kunyuka phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-8% iyonke ngonyaka.
Cinga ngokutyala imali kuManzi
Xa sijonga ingxaki yehlabathi ekhoyo ngoku ngamanzi, siyaqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwixesha elizayo imfuno yamanzi iya kunyuka kwaye unikezelo luya kuncitshiswa. Akumangalisi ukuba ngengxaki yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nangenxa yemisebenzi ethile yomntu, kukho amanzi amancinci nangaphantsi afanelekileyo ukuba asetyenziswe ngabantu, ngoko ke, ukutyalomali emanzini kuthetha ukutyalomali kwinto eya kuba nexabiso elingakumbi imihla ngemihla.
Umntu akanako ukutshala imali emanzini ngokwawo, kunjalo kwimeko yeempahla ezifana nekotoni, igolide okanye ioli. Ukutyala imali emanzini akuthethi ukuthenga amalungelo echibini okanye emlanjeni ekubeni, njengoko kunjalo kumazwe aliqela anjengeTshayina nawo onke lawo enza iLatin America, amanzi aphantsi koRhulumente.
Ngokufanayo, nangona kungaqhelekanga, kwiindawo ezithile abantu bathenga iimali zemilambo eziqeshisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiinkampani. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunangeniso kakhulu kuba amaxabiso athanda ukuhluka ngokugqithisileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elomileyo okanye lemvula; ukutyala imali emanzini kuthetha ukutyala imali kwinkampani enye okanye ezininzi ezisebenza kwaye zilawule obu butyebi buxabisekileyo.
Kwilizwe lezoshishino kukho iinkampani ezisebenza ngokunikezela, ukunyanga okanye ukucocwa kwamanzi, ngokutyala imali emanzini ngokwenene utyala imali kwezi nkampani. Xa ixabiso lamanzi linyuka, ezi nkampani ziya kunyuka ixabiso kwaye ngokunjalo utyalo-mali lwakho kuzo.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukutyala imali emanzini linyathelo elijonge phambili, into enokuvuza ipotifoliyo yakho kwiminyaka embalwa.
Utyalo-mali kuManzi luthetha ingeniso engenzi nto
Amanzi, nangona eyenye yezona mveliso zibalaseleyo, sisixhobo esisisiseko esahluke kakhulu kwezinye. Ngelixa izinto ezinjengombona okanye iinkozo zithengwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye zithengiswa kwi-stock exchange, amanzi aziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-stock exchange.
Inkqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yintelekelelo kwaye yenziwa ngenjongo yokuvelisa inzuzo yexesha elifutshane ngenxa yokwahlukana kweentengiso. Umntu owenza oku akakhathali ngokugcina ixabiso, kodwa ngokulithengisa nokwenza inzuzo ekuthengiseni.
Kwimeko yamanzi, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqikelele kunye nayo kuba akukho mveliso ephuma kuyo ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko ke, awukwazi ukutshala imali emanzini. ngomntu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukwenza ingeniso, kungekhona ngokuqikelela kodwa ngokutyalo-mali.
Abatyali-zimali, ngokungafaniyo nabaqikeleli, bafuna ukuthenga izibambiso okanye izabelo kwaye bazibambe ekuhambeni kwexesha. Aba bantu ngokubanzi babona imivuzo yabo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokuxabisa izabelo zabo kunye nokuhlawulwa kwezabelo zabo, ngoko ke ingeniso eyenziwayo yingeniso ye-passive.
Ukuba ufuna ukuba nolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba yintoni ingeniso ye-passive, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele inqaku elilandelayo ngolwazi oluthe kratya: Umvuzo ongazenzisiyo Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuyivelisa!.
Indlela yokutyala imali emanzini?
Kunokwenzeka ukutyalomali kwi-niche yamanzi ngokugcina iliso kwikamva kunye nokuthintela ukuhlaziywa kwesi sixhobo esixabisekileyo nesiluncedo. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili esinokutyala ngazo kwimarike le nto ilungileyo kwaye kweli nqaku siza kukuchazela zona.
Ezi ndlela zotyalo-mali emanzini zityala imali ngee-ETF, ukutyala imali kwizabelo zeenkampani ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngamanzi, kunye nokutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zokuxhasa abantu abaninzi. Nganye kolu tyalo-mali ineempawu zayo kunye nezinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo.
Utyalo-mali kwiiNkampani ngezabelo
Ukutyala imali kwi-stocks kuthetha ukuthenga inxalenye encinci yenkampani, nangona ingaphantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunebhaskithi yesitokhwe, yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo kunye nesebenzayo yokutyala imali. Utyalo-mali ngokuthenga izabelo zenkampani ludla ngokuba nobungozi kuba sithenga inxalenye yenkampani enye kuphela, ngoko ke ixabiso lotyalo-mali lixhomekeke ekuphuhliseni okanye ekuncipheni kwalo.
Kwicandelo lamanzi kukho amakhulu eenkampani ezijongene nonyango, umgangatho, ukuveliswa kweziseko ezingundoqo, ukubonelela kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Ezi nkampani zisebenza kumazwe ahlukeneyo zibonelela ngezi nkonzo zilawula ubutyebi obuxabisekileyo.
Ukwazi indlela yokutyala imali kwenye yeenkampani zamanzi ezininzi ezikhoyo emhlabeni, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela iimpawu zedemografi yelizwe kunye namathuba okukhula kweenkampani zelizwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo loo mazwe apho kukho uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi wokudala iziseko eziyimfuneko okanye, ngendlela efanayo, kuya kufuneka ukuvavanya loo mazwe apho kulindeleke ukuba abe neengxaki zamanzi. kwilixa elizayo.
Ukutyala imali kwiinkampani zamanzi kutyala imali kwixesha elizayo
Liyinene elithi ingeniso esinokuyifumana kwizabelo okanye utyalo-mali esinalo kwiinkampani okanye iimali ezisebenza ngamanzi zinkulu, kodwa aziyonto yonke. Xa sithetha ngotyalo-mali emanzini sithetha ngokutyala imali kwinto ebaluleke nangakumbi, etyala imali kwikamva lamanzi.
Iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzela ukuvelisa iiprojekthi zokuphelisa ungcoliseko lwamanzi okanye kwiiprojekthi zokuzisa amanzi kwiindawo apho iziseko zoncedo ezifanelekileyo zingekabikho. Ngokukwanjalo, ukwanda kwabantu kuyanda kule mimandla, amanzi ayancipha, yaye imfuneko yamanzi iba nkulu.
Kumazwe apho ungcoliseko lwamanzi lusanda, njengoko kunjalo eIndiya okanye eOstreliya nakumazwe ahlukeneyo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, iinkampani zenza umsebenzi omkhulu wococeko nokucoca kumthombo wamanzi oxabisekileyo. Ngokuthengwa kwezabelo nawe uthatha inxaxheba kwezi projekthi.
Utyalo-mali ngee-ETFs
Njengoko sichazile, ngokungafaniyo neempahla ezininzi kunye neemveliso ezithengwayo kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike yemasheya, awukwazi ukuqikelela emanzini. Enye yeendlela zotyalo-mali emanzini kukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithile zezimali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ETFs, eziziimali zokutshintshiselana ngemali apho iinkampani ezingaphezulu kwesinye zithatha inxaxheba, ngoko ke, xa utyala imali kwi-EFT utyala imali kwibhaskithi okanye iqela leziqinisekiso ezidwelisiweyo ngokuchaseneyo. izabelo.
Ii-ETF zigqibelele ukuqala ukutyala imali emanzini njengomntu onemali encinci, kodwa umbono omkhulu. Iimali ezithengiswa ngokutshintshiselana azikho ubuncinci bokungeniswa, ngoko ke, nabani na unokuqalisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kubo ukusuka kwiimali ezincinci.
Ukongeza koku, njengoko utyala imali kwibhaskithi yezibambiso, umngcipheko ungaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba ubutyala kwizabelo zenkampani enye. Ulawulo lomngcipheko wotyalo-mali, ludityaniswe notyalo-mali kwenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo emhlabeni, zenza ukuzithemba ngakumbi xa kutyalwa amanzi.
Ii-ETF zilawulwa ngee-indices. I-indices ifanekisela ukuziphatha kweemarike, ukuba iinkampani zineziphumo ezilungileyo, i-indices iphakama ngenxa yoko, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iziphumo azikho kakuhle, i-indices iyawa; Njengoko sithetha ngeqela leenkampani, kunzima ukwenza uhlalutyo ngalunye, ngoko ke, isalathisi sinomsebenzi wokumela imarike yonke, kwimarike yamanzi kukho i-indices ezimbini ezibonakala zibaluleke kakhulu. :
Isalathiso saManzi seHlabathi
IWorld Water Index yenziwe ziinkampani ezingama-20 eziphambili ezisebenza ngamanzi. Imisebenzi yayo ephambili kwiimarike kwaye, ngoko ke, ingeniso yayo, ihambelana nokudalwa kweziseko zophuhliso, ukubonelela, ukucocwa okanye unyango lwamanzi.
S&P Global Water Index
I-S & P Water Index exchange-trade fund yenziwe ziinkampani eziphambili ezisebenza kunye nokulawula amanzi emhlabeni. Ukubumba iinkampani ezihlangeneyo ezingama-50, ezi nkampani zisebenza ngokucocwa kwamanzi kunye neziseko eziyimfuneko.
Ingxaki yeETF
Ngelixa utyalo-mali kwii-ETF lukhetho olukhulu kubantu abanemali encinci, ezinye zeenkampani zengxowa-mali azisebenzi ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Kwezinye iimeko, imisebenzi eyenziwa zezi nkampani ngamanzi idla ngokuba yinxalenye encinci yento abayenzayo ngokwenene.
Ingxaki koku kukuba unxulumano olukhoyo kunye nemarike lunokuphakama kancinane, nto leyo enokuthetha utshintsho kutyalo-mali lwethu. Nokuba ingxaki ibinokubakho kwicandelo elingelilo lamanzi, isenokuphela ichaphazela kakubi ixabiso lotyalo-mali lwethu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngumngcipheko ekungamelanga ukuba ube nexhala njengoko utyalo-mali lwethu lwenziwa ngombono wexesha elide. Ukongeza koku, kwiminyaka ezayo kunokwenzeka ukuba ixabiso lamanzi liya kunyuka kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa uqhuba yonke imisebenzi echaphazela amanzi (Unikezelo, unyango, phakathi kwabanye)
Tyala amanzi ngokusebenzisa iiprojekthi zokuxhasa abantu abaninzi
Ithuba lokwenza isicelo se-crowdfunding livule iingcango kwiingcamango kunye neeprojekthi zangaphambili ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nemeko yangoku yamanzi, ngoko ke, obu buchule kwiiprojekthi kunye neengcamango ezintsha ezivela kubantu abazinikeleyo ziye zabonwa kula maqonga.
Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-crowdfunding okanye i-collective financing kunokwenzeka ukutyala imali kwiinkampani ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oluntu. Ngaphakathi kwamaqonga enkxaso-mali edibeneyo, iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinenjongo yokulawula amanzi zibone ukukhanya.
Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko obandakanyekayo kutyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi ze-crowdfunding ziphezulu kuba, nangona iingcamango zisekuqaleni kwaye zintsha, akufanele zilibaleke ukuba izinga lokuphumelela lokuqala aliphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iphumelele, imbuyekezo eya kufunyanwa ngenxa yotyalo-mali kwiprojekthi ingaba yinto enhle kakhulu; Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zokuxhasa ngemali, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu xa ukhetha.
Siyathemba ukuba uya kulonwabela eli nqaku kwaye ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela yokutyala imali emanzini kunye neenzuzo zawo, siyakumema ukuba ubukele le vidiyo ilandelayo: