Njengezityalo ezityiwayo ezifana nesipinatshi kunye neboraji, imandrake sisityalo sasendle kwaye ziyafana nezo zikhankanyiweyo, kodwa le inetyhefu kakhulu. Ibangela intlungu yesisu, ukuhlanza, i-tachycardia kunye nemibono. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zetyhefu inokukhokelela kwi-coma kwaye ibe neziphumo ezibulalayo.
La imandrake (Mandragora officinarum) sisityalo sosapho lweSolanaceae. Ngeempawu zayo eziyityhefu kunye ne-hallucinogenic, zikhatshwa yimilo enomdla yengcambu eqhelekileyo ye-anthropomorphic entwasahlobo, kwixesha elidlulileyo. Yayigqalwa “njengomlingo” kwaye inikwe amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kwizithethe ezininzi ezidumileyo. EItali imandrake (ekwabizwa ngokuba yimandragola) ikhula ngokuzenzekelayo. Kulabo abangenazo iingcali, kunokudideka ngokulula kunye nezityalo ezidliwayo ezifana ne-borage kunye nesipinashi, ekwabelwana ngayo ngokufana nokubonakala. Akunjalo nje ukuba iphelile kwiimeko ezininzi ngenxa yokuxilwa.
Yintoni madrágora
Imandrake, isityalo seqela le-dicotyledonous angiosperms, idubula ekwindla kwaye ineempawu zentyatyambo eziluhlaza. Amagqabi, mancinci kwaye angabonakali kakuhle, made kwaye athande ukumila okumbhoxo. Iziqhamo zayo, amaqunube anenyama, atyheli. Nangona kunjalo, uphawu olwahlukileyo luyingcambu, ehlala ifolokhwe, ethi kwimizekelo ethile kwaye ngakumbi kwixesha lasentwasahlobo ibonisa ubungqina be-anthropomorphic. Le nkcukacha, ehambelana neempawu zayo, uyenzile "isityalo esithandwayo samagqwirha", ukuphela kumbindi wezithethe ezininzi ze-esoteric kunye nezinye iinkolelo ezininzi ezidumileyo.
Kutheni inetyhefu nje?
Njengezinye izityalo eziphuma kusapho lwe nightshade, imandrake ityebile kwi alkaloids eyenza ibenetyhefu kwaye ingatyiwa. Phakathi kwezinto eziyityhefu ezikhoyo kwisityalo sizifumana i-atropine, i-scopolamine kunye ne-hyoscyamine; Nangona kunjalo, ekugxininiseni okwaneleyo, nabo baneempawu zonyango. Ayisiyonto nje into yokuba i-mandrake efanayo kumaxesha amandulo yayisetyenziswa njengesixhobo esinamandla sokuphelisa iintlungu, kunye nokuququzelela ukulala kunye namandla okwabelana ngesondo (amandla e-aphrodisiac adityaniswa nayo). Ngokwenyani, iipropathi zemigaqo esebenzayo ikakhulu i-narcotic, i-analgesic kunye ne-sedative. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu obugqithisileyo buthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumayeza esintu, nangona iingcali ze-homeopaths zinokuphuhlisa i-mandrake-based dilution.
Iintlungu kunye nemibono: kwenzeka ntoni?
Ityhefu ayifani kuzo zonke iindawo zesityalo kwaye eyona inkulu ifumaneka kwingcambu yayo ekhethekileyo. Iziphumo, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwi-coma kunye nokufa kwimeko yokuxilwa kakhulu, ngokubanzi intlungu esiswini, tachycardia, ukugabha, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, nokuxhuzula. Ukuba iidosi eziyityhefu zingaphezulu komda othile, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, i-amnesia, kunye nokuvuseleleka ngokwesondo (kungoko amandla 'e-aphrodisiac') angenzeka, afana neziyobisi ezahlukeneyo. I-hallucinations ingaba yinto ebonakalayo kunye neyovayo kwaye ihamba kunye nesisu esibi kakhulu.
iindaba zokunxila
imandrake iye yaphelela kumbindi weendaba ezininzi kuba itshintshwa ngezityalo ezityiwayo ezifana neboraji, nazo ezizenzekelayo, kunye nesipinatshi. Isizathu silele ekufaneni phakathi kwezityalo, nangona kunjalo zinomohluko othile emehlweni engcali (umzekelo, ukumila kwamagqabi kunye nomthamo we-fluff). Lo ngumzekelo wemeko yosapho olwaphelela esibhedlele emva kokutya imifuno ekhenkcezileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba i<em>mandrake yakhula ngokuzenzekelayo entsimini yaze yavunwa, ibulala isipinatshi.
Iintsomi
Kwinkcubeko yamaGrike kukho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwe-mandrake, inja kunye nesithixokazi uHecate. Ulawulo lwalo thixo umnyama welizwe labafileyo luchazwa ngokuchanekileyo ngamangcwaba. Iqela leentsomi kunye neentsomi ezikhoyo kwiinkcubeko zaseYurophu, zama-Arabhu kunye ne-Asia zinokulandelelwa emva kwintsomi eyahlukileyo yantlandlolo. Kula mabali kuvela umxholo omi kwixesha lemvelaphi yomntu, apho indoda iphuma kwimandrake, ukusebenzisa umfanekiso we-anthropomorphic ukusuka kwingcambu.
Kumabali sinokufunda ukuba njani "Amadoda okuqala ayeya kuba yintsapho yeemandrake ezinkulu ezinobuthathaka ukuba ilanga laliza kuphila kwaye, lilodwa, laliza kuzikhupha emhlabeni.". Okanye, yintoni "Ekuqaleni umntu wabonakala emhlabeni ekwimo yeemandrake ezoyikekayo, eziphila ubomi bemvelo, kwaye umoya wOsenyangweni wabaqweqwedisa, wabaqweqwedisa, wabancothula ekugqibeleni; ukubajike babe ngabantu abanikwe ingcinga kunye neentshukumo zabo. […] Ngokusuka koku sinokufumanisa ukuba imandrake inxulunyaniswe nentsomi yemvelaphi yomntu”.
Nangona ingeyontsomi ngemvelaphi yemandrake, inika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba, kwezi cosmogonies, imvelaphi yesityalo kukholelwa ukuba indala kunomntu.
Njengoko sibona, akukho ntsomi yokwenyani neyakhelwe kakuhle ngemvelaphi yemandrake esekho. Kuphela yimizila embalwa ekwanti, eye yatshintshwa sihlandlo ngasinye, eye yanempumelelo kwiinkolelo ezithandwayo nakwiintsomi. Inyaniso yeyokuba esi sityalo sinetyhefu sasigqalwa njengesiqhelo yaye akukaziwa nokuba sabakho ngaphambi okanye ekuqaleni koluntu.
Ezinye iinkolelo
Ingcambu enkulu kunye neziqhamo yayiziindawo zesityalo ezazisetyenziselwa amayeza kunye nemiphumo ye-psychoactive. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ukumila kwengcambu bekusetyenziselwa ukuqaphela iimpawu zendoda okanye umfazi. Oku kuchongwa kwe-anthropomorphic kube ngumthombo wenkuthazo kwiintsomi, iinkolelo kunye nezithethe ezinxulumene nesi sityalo.
Imithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo evela kumaxesha aphakathi inxulumene nenkolelo yokuba xa umntu ogwetyelwe ukufa exhonyiwe, kanye xa esifa, ulwelo lwalo lwamadlozi okanye umchamo, oluwela emhlabeni, lubangela imandrake. Esi sihloko sikholisa ukulandelwa yinkcazo yenkqubo yokuvuna isityalo. Enyanisweni, kwakukholelwa ukuba nabani na ozama ukuyiphelisa, kodwa nabani na othe wangqubeka kuyo ngempazamo okanye wasondela kakhulu kuyo, wayeya kufa. Inkolelo ikwathi ukuba inja emnyama okanye emnyama ibotshelelwe, nokuba ngumsila okanye ngentamo, kwingcambu yesityalo, iya kuyincothula kwaye nokuba inja ibingelwe, isityalo sinokuthi esetyenzisiweyo..
Ekuguquleni intsomi kwinkolelo ethandwayo, isizathu sesigwebo esingafanelekanga siyanyamalala kwaye umzekeliso ubhekisela kumntu wonke oxhonyiweyo.
IMandragora kunye nobudlelwane bayo nokufa
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwemandrake kunye nokufa ikho kwezinye iinkolelo. Amaxesha amaninzi ubukho besityalo bunxulunyaniswa neendawo ezingcwatywa kuzo izidumbu, njengendawo engqonge amangcwaba.
Imandrake nayo ichongiwe kunye nentsokolo ingca ye-molybdenum kaHomer. Kwibali, elifakwe kwincwadi yeshumi ye-Odyssey, yiyo uthixo uHermes, "umthunywa woothixo", ohambisa imifuno yomlingo kwi-Odysseus. Injongo yayikukuyisebenzisa njengokhuseleko kwisihluzo segqwirha Circe, esikwaziyo ukuguqula amadoda abe ziihagu. Kwibali, i-molybdenum herb yenza isenzo esichaseneyo neso samayeza omlingo: inqanda ukuguqulwa kwisilwanyana, endaweni yokuyikhuthaza.
Iincwadi
Imandrake iyaziwa nakwinkcubeko yamaJuda kwaye ikhona kwiTestamente eNdala. Ikhankanywe kwibali elineentsingiselo "zobuhedeni", apho isityalo sisetyenziswa njenge indawo yokutshintshiselana nge-aphrodisiac yayo kunye neempawu zokuchumisa. Enyanisweni, esi sityalo siye saqwalaselwa, phantse kuyo yonke indawo, njenge-aphrodisiac emangalisayo. Akunjalo ukuba uAphrodite, uthixokazi wothando wamaGrike, wayenegama lesiqhulo elithi Mandragoritis.
Iintsomi kunye noHarry Potter
Eyona ntsomi yaziwa kakhulu edityaniswe nemandrake yileyo yokukhala 'kombulali' kwingcambu yayo xa incothulwa, kwaye idityaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwimo yayo ye-anthropomorphic. Ukuyivuna ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokwesiko elidumileyo elikwakhankanywa nguMachiavelli, isityalo kufuneka sibotshelelwe enjeni ukusincothula. Le nkqubo iya kusigweba isilwanyana, kodwa iyakuqinisekisa ukuqokelelwa kwayo 'kukhuseleko'. Ukukhala kwe-mandrake kwakhona kwakuyi-protagonist kwi-Harry Potter fantasy saga, kwisahluko uHarry Potter kunye ne-Chamber of Secrets.