Siyakumema ukuba wazi iintsomi zamaRoma eyona ibalasele ukususela ekubeni yayisetyenziswa ngamaRoma kwimilinganiselo eyayisandisa kwaye isoyisa imimandla de ibe buBukhosi obukhulu baseRoma. Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela amabali amaRoma kunye neentsomi eziye zabaluleke kakhulu kwiintsomi zamaRoma.Qhubeka ufunda inqaku kwaye ufunde ngakumbi ngenkcubeko yaseRoma!
iintsomi zamaRoma
Iintsomi zamaRoma yiseti yeenkolelo ezazinazo uluntu lwaseRoma lwaseRoma yaMandulo, olwakhiwa ngenxa yokuba amaRoma ngelo xesha lembali ayenezithethe kakhulu kuba ayemele iintsomi zantlandlolo kunye neenkolo.
Apho kunokutshiwo ukuba iintsomi zamaRoma zaziyingxubevange eyenziwa ziimbongi zamaRoma ezamkela iintsomi namabali avela kwezinye iintlanga, njengaleyo yamaGrike, zamkela amabali angoothixo nabalinganiswa bomkhwa omkhulu ngaloo maxesha. Ngale ndlela, iintsomi zaseRoma zabaluleka ngakumbi njengoko abantu baseRoma babefumana amandla kwaye baba buBukhosi obukhulu.
Kwakunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwababhali baseRoma abanjengoVirgil no-Ovid, ababhala iintsomi zamaRoma ezibaluleke kakhulu baza basasaza iintsomi zamaRoma kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, benikela amanani njengemifanekiso eqingqiweyo njengoko beye baqhubeka ixesha elide, njengoAeneas, uVesta, uJuno. nabaseki beRoma ngokwayo abaziwa ngokuba yiRomulus noRemus.
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeeNtsomi zaseRoma
Ngokutsho kweengcali kunye nabaphandi beentsomi zaseRoma. AmaRoma ayengenawo amabali alandelelanayo njengoko oothixo bawo bafaniswa noothixo bamaGrike kuba iimbongi zaseRoma zagqiba ekubeni zithathe imizekelo yamaGrike ukuxelela iintsomi zamaRoma ekupheleni kwexesha le-republican yaseRoma. Kodwa into owawunayo kuBukhosi baseRoma yayi:
- Babenenkqubo echumileyo yezithethe nemisitho, kunye neqela lezikolo zabefundisi kunye neqela lezithixo apho izithixo zazinxibelelana.
- Iseti etyebileyo kakhulu yeentsomi zaseRoma kunye nembali apho bahlangana khona kwaye ukusuka apho isiseko kunye nokunyuka komzi kwasekwa zizenzo zabantu abahlukeneyo ngokungenelela ngamaxesha athile oothixo bamaRoma.
Abaphandi abaninzi abenze umsebenzi kwimbali yaseRoma baye bathi uBukhosi baseRoma benza isinye kwaye kwangaxeshanye inkcubeko eyodwa. Kodwa ukongeza ulwazi lwezinye iinkcubeko, ngakumbi iintsomi zamaGrike, kungenxa yoko iimpawu eziphambili zeentsomi zaseRoma zezi zilandelayo:
- AmaRoma ayezinikele kakhulu kwiinkolelo zawo noothixo bawo.
- Iintsomi zamaRoma ezibalisa ngembali yoothixo bazo ziqala ukubonakala sele zifikelela incopho yexesha leriphabliki xa iimbongi zaseRoma ziqala ukubhala amabali afana nemizekelo yonqulo yaseGrisi.
- Oothixo bamaRoma babeneempawu ezininzi yaye babezisebenzisa ezazibenza bahluke kwabanye oothixo.
- AmaRoma ayeneqela loothixo abahlukahlukeneyo kumsebenzi ngamnye njengokukhuselwa kwezilwanyana, indalo, kunye nemisebenzi yezolimo.
- AmaRoma ayenikela indima ethile kwisithixo ngasinye saseRoma esasinento yokwenza nezinto ezenziwa ngabantu.
Ezona ntsomi zibalaseleyo zamaRoma kunye neeNtsomi
UBukhosi baseRoma bekwaziwa ngamabali kunye neentsomi eziye zaxelwa ngesiseko sawo kunye nobudlelwane obunabo noothixo basentsomini abaye bamelwa yimbongi uOvid, ongomnye weengcungela zoncwadi lwamaRoma. iintsomi neentsomi.
Yiyo loo nto amaRoma ebesoloko ekholelwa kumandla angaphezu kwendalo kwaye ibonakaliswe kwiintsomi zamaRoma kunye neentsomi eziye zaxelwa ukususela ekusekweni kweRoma kunye noBukhosi baseRoma. Yiyo loo nto sinazo phakathi kwezona ntsomi zibalaseleyo zaseRoma ezi zilandelayo:
Intsomi yaseRoma yeRomulus kunye neRemus
AmaRoma aqhayisa ngeentsomi kunye neentsomi zamaRoma ezityebileyo nezahlukeneyo malunga nesiseko kunye nokwandiswa kwesixeko sawo sokuqala, eyona ntsomi ibalulekileyo yamaRoma yile kaRomulus noRemus, apho kuthiwa aba bazalwana babini kunye namawele ngabantwana bakaRhea Silvia. kwaye ukusuka kuMars.
Ngokutsho kwembongi uVirgil, i-adventures yaba bazalwana uRomulus noRemus inxulunyaniswe nokusekwa kweRoma. Nangona intsomi yamaRoma iqala xa bezalwa e-Alba Longa kwaye babonwa njengesongelo esikhulu nguKumkani u-Amulius, owathi ukuze azisindise wayala amawele ukuba ashiywe kumanxweme oMlambo iTiber.
Ngelo xesha abantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa babeyekwa ukuba bafele emlanjeni. Kodwa uTibheriyo uyise wasentsomini womlambo. Wabayeka basinda baza basinda phantsi kwenkathalo yengcuka. Le ngcuka yagqiba ekubeni ibanakekele kwaye ibancancise emqolombeni kufuphi neLupercal.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, bobabini abazalwana bafunyanwa ngumalusi ogama linguFaustulus. Wawafumana waza engazi ukuba ngoobani la mawele, wawasa endlwini yakhe ukuze awagcine nomfazi wakhe. Abazalwana bakhula njengabalusi ababini abalungileyo.
Kodwa iingcambu zabazali babo azizange zibashiye kwaye baba ziinkokeli ezibalulekileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela amawele uRomulus noRemus baqokelela abalandeli abaninzi. Ngelixa aba babesiba ngabantu abadala, babandakanyeka kwingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababelandela uNumitor no-Amulio.
Ngenxa yoko, uRemo wavalelwa eAlba Longa. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo kunye nomntakwabo. Ngale ndlela ke uKumkani notatomkhulu kaRemo wayerhanela ukuba ngubani lo mfana. Ngelixa uRómulo wayesenza icebo lokukhulula iwele lakhe.
Ngoxa kwakusenzeka konke oku, la mawele akwazi ukuchonga ukuba angoobani na. Aba badityaniswa noyisemkhulu uKumkani Numitor. Ukuze bajongane nalowo wayehluthe itrone, uKumkani uAmulio, phakathi kwawo onke la madabi bakwazile ukoyisa nokubulala uKumkani uAmulio kwaye babuyisela itrone kubanini bayo bokuqala.
Xa amawele uRomulus noRemus babuyela kwiinduli ezisixhenxe ngenjongo yokuseka isixeko sokuqala. Bazibhaqe sele bekwisiphambuka bexoxa. Ekubeni uRomulus wayefuna ukwakha isixeko sokuqala kwiNduli yasePalatine. Wamisa iwele lakhe uRemo wayezimisele ukwakha eAventine Hill.
Ekubeni engazange afikelele kwisivumelwano, la mawele mabini agqiba kwelokuba acele uncedo kwizithixo ngokuvumisa okanye ngokukwazi ukuxela izihlabo. Ngale ndlela uRomulus wakwazi ukubona iintaka ezilishumi elinesibini esibhakabhakeni. Ngoxa umntakwabo uRemo wakwazi ukubona ezintandathu kuphela.
Oku kwakhokelela kwingxabano entsha phakathi kwamawele aqala ukulwa, ephela njengesiphumo sokufa kukaRemo. Ngale ndlela uRomulus wagqiba ekubeni aseke isixeko saseRoma.
Umama waseRoma. Yayiyintsomi uRhea Silvia owayengunina wamawele uRomulus noRemus, owayeyintombi kaNumitor uKumkani waseAlba Longa. Kodwa umalume wakhe ogama lingu-Amulius owahlutha itrone wamnyanzela ukuba asebenze njengomfundisikazi okanye intombi enyulu. Ngale ndlela kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuhlonele ubunyulu.
Ngale nto umxhasi wetrone u-Amulio uya kuphumeza ukuba uRea Silvia angabinabantwana kwaye uya kukhusela itrone ixesha elide. Kodwa uRea Silvia walukuhlwa nguThixo uMars owabonakala kuye ngobusuku waza waxhwila uRea Silvia waza wamdlwengula ehlathini.
Ngale ndlela uRea Silvia wakhulelwa ezala amawele amabini agama linguRomulus noRemus abaphoswa kuMlambo iTiber kamsinya nje emva kokuzalwa ngemiyalelo yomdlwenguli uAmulius. Emva koku wayalela ukuba unina angcwatywe ephila.
IJupiter kunye neNyosi
Ngokubhekiselele kwenye yezona ntsomi zibalaseleyo zaseRoma, yileyo kaJupiter kunye neNyosi, nangona iinguqulelo ezininzi sele zixelelwe, yenye yezona ntsomi zidumileyo kuba izama ukuqaphela into oyicelayo okanye oyinqwenelayo. .
Ngokutsho kweentsomi zamaRoma, eli bali lixelelwa ukuba kwakudala inyosi encinane yayihlala ikhathazekile kwaye idiniwe ekubeni abantu nezilwanyana babesoloko bebuba ubusi obuveliswayo. Yiyo loo nto inyosi encinci yayifuna ukuba nesixhobo ukuze ikwazi ukujongana nala masela obusi.
Inyosi encinane yayithandaza rhoqo ukuze uthixo othile ayiphulaphule imithandazo yayo. Kodwa ixesha lahamba kwaye akukho nto yenzekayo eyathi inyosi encinci yeza nombono wokuthetha buqu noThixo uJupiter owayengukumkani wabo bonke oothixo.
Nangona wayenokuhamba nomnye uthixo omncinci. Kodwa ekuphela kwento eyafunyanwa yinyosi encinane nguthixo onguJupiter. Yiyo loo nto wathatha uhambo lwakhe ebhabha ngokuzimisela esibhakabhakeni nangaphaya kunye nesandi esakhutshwa yinyosi encinci watsala umdla kaThixo uJupiter.
Xa inyosi encinci yakwazi ukuqalisa incoko noThixo uJupiter, yamxelela "Kumkani wam, ndikuphathele incindi yobusi. Ubuso bukaThixo bakhanya luvuyo nolonwabo awathi waphendula wathi “kwayeEsi sipho sinencasa kwaye siyamangalisa” Emva koko uThixo uJupiter wabuza inyosi encinci "Ndingakwenzela ntoni inyosi encinci?
Inyosi encinci yoyika kakhulu kangangokuba, ingcangcazela luloyiko kodwa izimisele ukuzama, ndayicacisela yonke ingxaki eyayinayo inyosi encinci malunga nobusi. Nangona uThixo uJupiter waliphulaphula ngenyameko ibango lenyosi encinane, wayengazi ukuba angamnceda njani na.
Kodwa waqonda ukuba incasa yobusi yayimnandi kakhulu yaye wayebuthanda kakhulu ubusi. Kuba uThixo uJupiter wacinga ukuba enze ntoni ngenyosi encinci. Xa inyosi yathi:Bendinokubukhusela ubusi bam kumasela ukuba bendinesixhobo esifana nesihlava!”
UThixo uJupiter, ephulaphule inyosi encinci, waba nomsindo kakhulu kwaye waphendula "Ungandiluma?" Inyosi encinci eyoyikayo iphendula ngokukhawuleza kuthixo uJupiter "Asoze ndiyenze lonto” nangona inyosi encinci yothuke kakhulu kangangokuba yangqiyama ngasemva kwaye yangqubana nomzimba kathixokazi uJuno owayephulaphule ngenyameko kwincoko eyayiphakathi koThixo uJupiter kunye nenyosi encinci.
Emveni koko kwangenelela uNkosazana Juno esithi “Incasa emnandi ngolo hlobo ifuna ukukhuselwa!” Emva koku, lo thixo waphinda wacebisa ukuba inyosi nganye ibe nolwamvila ukuze ikwazi ukuzikhusela xa kususwa ubusi bayo. Nangona kufuneka kubekho intlawulo yesi sipho.
Ngale ndlela uThixo uJupiter wamxelela ukuba intlawulo kufuneka ibe nobomi bakhe. Ekubeni emva kokusebenzisa i-stinger inyosi kufuneka ife kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka yenze isigqibo esilungileyo sokukhusela nokufa okanye ukwabelana nabanye.
Nangona inyosi yayingasithandi isixhobo abamnika yona kakhulu. Uthixokazi wamaza uJuno wayesele evuyisana noThixo uJupiter ngesigqibo awayesenzile. Nangona wenza izigqibo ukuze uthixokazi Juno wayesoloko evuya kakhulu. Ethetha ngentshukumo ngesandla wathi kwinyosi “Nantso ke isixhobo sakho umnqweno wakho unikelwe”
Inyosi, icaphuke kakhulu sisipho awayesiphiwe nguThixo uJupiter, yambulela yaza yaqalisa ukuhla emhlabeni. Ngoxa inyosi yayisendlwini, yazimela ngasemva kwayo. Ngale ndlela bezingayi kumbuza nayiphi na imibuzo ngethemba lokuba ezinye iinyosi ziya kumhoya ngonaphakade.
Zithe iinyosi zakubona ukuba ulwamvila zaqalisa ukungxola njengomqondiso wokuba zihlaselwe yaza inyosi yagqiba ekubeni ichaze into ayenzileyo yaye ekubeni zinyanisekile azizange zithethe nto. Kuphela babenokhetho lokubulela isipho abasinikwe nguThixo uJupiter, kodwa sisipho esithi xa sisetyenziswa, basihlawule ngokufa.
Esi sipho asizange sinyamalale ukususela namhlanje zonke iinyosi ezisebenzisa i-stinger ziyafa kuba inxalenye yemithambo-luvo yesisu iyahlukana. Ke ngoko, ishiywe ingenanxalenye ebalulekileyo yomzimba wayo omncinci kwaye ithande ukufa emva kwexesha elifutshane.
UPluto kunye nokumkani omnye weentsomi zaseRoma kodwa kunye nesiGrike
Nangona iyintsomi yamaGrike, amaRoma ayiguqula ukuze eli bali likhunjulwe njengenye yeentsomi zamaRoma. Eli bali lithetha ngokumkani owayekrelekrele kakhulu owayengumlawuli wesixeko samaGrike saseKorinte. Nangona eli bali laxelelwa ngamaGrike kwinguqulelo yokuqala. AmaRoma agqiba kwelokuba ayibale njengenye yezona ntsomi zibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseRoma.
AmaRoma agqiba ekubeni athabathel’ indawo amagama oothixo bamaGrike ababenenxaxheba kweli bali, omnye woothixo abathabathel’ indawo nguZeyus, owayenendima yokuba ngukumkani wabo bonke oothixo bamaGrike, yaye amaRoma abeka uThixo uJupiter njengokumkani. KwabaseRoma.
Ngokufanayo, amaGrike ayeneHadesi umntakwabo Zeyus njengoThixo wehlabathi eliphantsi kwaye amaRoma amthabatha endaweni yakhe noThixo uPluto owayenguthixo wehlabathi langaphantsi laseRoma.
Nangona eli bali lahlala linjalo kwiGrisi yamandulo, nangona amaRoma ayeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba umbindi wehlabathi yayiyiRoma. Intsomi yamaRoma isekelwe kwisibakala sokuba ukumkani owayekrelekrele wayexakekile ecinga ngendlela awayenokuyicombulula ngayo ingxaki yamanzi acocekileyo abantu bakhe.
Ngelixa lo kumkani wayejonge indlela yokuyila icebo, wathi ntsho esibhakabhakeni kanye ngalo mzuzu akuqonda ukuba ubhabha ngaphaya koThixo uJupiter kwaye uphethe into ezandleni zakhe engenakuhlukaniswa. Ebona le meko ingaqhelekanga, waba nomdla ekubeni uThixo uJupiter enqabile ukuba asishiye isibhakabhaka.
Kodwa ukumkani wanyusa amagxa akhe waza kwakhona waqalisa ukucinga ngendlela yokuwucombulula umbandela awayeza kuwucombulula ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ngelo xesha idolophu yaseCorinto yayingenayo imisele okanye loo ngxaki yayisele isonjululwe.
Kodwa njengoko eqhubeka ecinga ngale ngxaki, uphinda ajonge esibhakabhakeni. Phawula ukuba kudlula omnye uThixo kodwa lo uyama aze abuze uKumkani umbuzo "Uyibonile intombi yam?"
Ukumkani, njengoko wayekrelekrele kakhulu, waphendula la mazwi alandelayo:: "Ukuba unika isixeko sam umthombo wamanzi amnandi, ndiya kukuxelela into endiyibonileyo". Vula Ngelo xesha kwaphuma umlambo omkhulu wamanzi acwengileyo nacwengileyo phambi kokumkani. Ukumkani wavuya kakhulu, wamphendula uYehova ngale ndlela "UJupiter wayenento ezandleni zakhe kwaye inokuba yintombi yakho."
UThixo uJupiter wayenomsindo kakhulu njengoko engazange avumele abantu ukuba bangenelele kwimicimbi yakhe. Wathi akuva ukuba uKumkani uthe wammangalela komnye uthixo. Waxelela umntakwabo uPluto uThixo ukuba uya kuthatha ukumkani kwilizwe labafileyo.
Ukumkani, akuva oko uThixo uJupiter wakuthethayo, waxelela umfazi wakhe oku kulandelayo: “Xa bathe kuwe ndifile, uze ungabeki iqhosha legolide phantsi kolwimi lwam” lo mfazi, echane kakhulu, wamphulaphula umyeni wakhe ukuze ancede abone ukuba ufile. waye wabuza.
Kwandula ke kwa lo thixo uPluto wadibana nokumkani enxibe njengomngqibi, ekubeni ukungabi nayo ingqekembe yegolide phantsi kolwimi lwakhe kwabonisa ukuba wayelihlwempu kakhulu. Uthixo uPluto ukubuza lo mbuzo ulandelayo Iphi na ingqekembe yakho yegolide?UPluto wabanga ukuba uyazi. “Ungalufumana njani uhambo lokuwela uMlambo iStyx kwaye uye kumhlaba ophantsi?"
Ukumkani uphendula ngolu hlobo ifomu "Umfazi wam wayehluphekile kakhulu ukuba angahlawula itikiti". Uthixo ocaphuke kancinci wathetha oku kukumkani "Buyela phaya, ufundise abafazi isimilo." Ngale ndlela uthixo uPluto wathumela ukumkani emhlabeni ngoko nangoko, apho wayephila ngomlingo.
Uthixokazi wesivuno uCeres
Kuzo zonke iintsomi zamaRoma kuthiwa uThixo uJupiter ungukumkani wabo bonke oothixo bamaRoma kwaye wayenoodadewabo abathathu. Owokuqala yayinguJuno owayengumfazi kunye nodade wabo, wayesaziwa njengothixokazi womtshato kunye nokumkanikazi wabo bonke oothixo bamaRoma.
Udade wesibini wayesaziwa njengothixokazi uVesta owabhalwa kwikhathalogu njengothixokazi wekhaya yaye wayenguthixokazi owayethandwa yaye enqulwa ngawo onke amabhinqa aseRoma. Udade wesithathu kaJupiter wayesaziwa njengothixokazi uCeres, wayejongene nazo zonke izityalo. Kuthiwa uthixokazi uCeres ukuba uphazamisekile izityalo zinokubuna zize zife.
Bonke abantu noothixo bamele ukuba basebenze nzima ukugcina lo mxholo wothixokazi kwaye wonwabile nangona into awayeyithanda yayikuchitha ixesha kunye nentombi yakhe entle uProserpina.
Ibali likaThixo uApollo kunye noCassandra
Yenye yeentsomi zamaRoma ezisekwe kwiTempile edumileyo yaseDelphi, enye yezona tempile zibalulekileyo zika-Apollo kaThixo. Kodwa le yayingekuphela kwetempile awayenqulwa kuyo uApolo. Ekubeni kwakukho itempile ebalulekileyo kwisixeko saseTroy eyakhiwa ngabemi bayo ngokuhlonela uThixo uApollo ngaphambi kokuba iMfazwe yeTrojan yenzeke.
Kule ntsomi yamaRoma, ibali libaliswa ukuba uThixo uApollo wabonakala kwitempile ababeyakhile kwisixeko saseTroy waza ngenye imini wabona uCassandra, umfundisikazi owayesebenza kuloo tempile.
Ngaloo mzuzu ukuba uThixo uApollo wabona uCassandra omhle, wamthanda. UThixo uApollo wanika umfundisikazi uCassandra isivumelwano esasiza kumnika isipho esikhulu esiya kuba sisipho sokubona ikamva ukuba uyamanga.
Umfundisikazi wamkela isivumelwano ngoncumo oluhle kwaye ngephanyazo wayenokubona ikamva elalisithi uThixo uApollo wayetshabalalisa isixeko saseTroy. Xa uThixo uApollo wasondela kuye ukuba amange. Wasabela ngokumtshicela ebusweni ngendlela enomsindo.
Uthixo uApollo wacaphuka ngenxa yeso senzo wasenzayo waza wazama ukusihlutha isipho awayemnike sona kodwa akazange akwazi. Ukutshintshiselana kwakhe, into awayenzayo kukumthuka ngendlela yokuba kungabikho mntu unokukholelwa oko akuthethayo. Ngoko umbingelelikazi wabongoza abantu bakowabo ukuba balilumkele ihashe lomthi. Kodwa akukho namnye kwisixeko saseTroy owamkholelwayo.
Ukuba ulifumene eli nqaku malunga neentsomi zaseRoma libalulekile, ndiyakumema ukuba undwendwele la makhonkco alandelayo: