I-tardigrade: Esona silwanyana sixhathisayo kuzo zonke

tardigrade

Umthombo: xataka.com

I-tardigrade i ekwaziyo ukusinda phantse kuyo nayiphi na imekoUmzekelo: iyakwazi ukumelana nomkhenkce, amanzi abilayo, kwaye inokuphila ngaphandle kokutya amashumi eminyaka.

Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba ziibhere zamanzi ngenxa yenkangeleko kunye neentshukumo zayo, sesinye sezona zidalwa zincinci zixhathisayo kwiplanethi enguMhlaba. Iyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ekungekho silwanyana sinako.

Injani i-tardigrade?

I-Tardigrades inomzimba omde, otyebileyo onemilenze emine ehamba kancinane "njengebhere." Imizekelo yabantu abadala inokubonwa ngeliso lenyama njengoko injalo Zilinganisa phakathi kwe-0,05mm kunye ne-0,5mm. 

bangabantu ii-invertebrates, iiprotostomes, ezicandekileyo kunye ne-microscopic. Ziyenxalenye yezilwanyana ngaphakathi apho zikhoyo phakathi kwee-ecdysozoans. Zingaphakathi kweqela elikhulu le-panarthropods njengoko zineempawu ezinokuthi kubonakala ngathi babelana ngesinyanya esinye kunye ne-arthropods. Kodwa ukongeza koko, zizilwanyana ezincinci ezingaqhelekanga kangangokuba zinecala labo: iTardigrada.

Ukutya kwayo kusekelwe ekwaphuleni umqobo ukuba ixhoba layo linayo kunye nokutya izondlo ngaphakathi kwayo imilomo engqukuva kwaye ilungiselelwe ukufunxa ulwelo. 

Baluphalaza ulusu lwabo xa ixesha lifikile beka amaqanda ukuya kutsho kuma-30, ngaloo ndlela banika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo kwi-tardigrades yexesha elizayo. Ezi zilwanyana zincinane zinokuphila umlinganiselo weminyaka emibini enesiqingatha kwiimeko ezivumayo. Kodwa kwiimeko ezingathandekiyo banokuphila iminyaka emininzi ngakumbi. Ewe, ndiyibhale kakuhle. xa i-tardigrades ineemeko zobungozi, ubunzima, njl. bangene kwindawo apho bafe umzimba belindele ukuba kudlule isaqhwithi. Yile mpawu eyenza ukuba ibe yodwa kwaye inomdla kakhulu.

Johann August Ephraim Goeze the Uchaza okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngowe-1773 aze ababhaptize “iibhere zamanzi” ekubeni indlela yabo yokuhamba yayimkhumbuza. kweyamabhere. Kamva iya kufumana igama elithi "tardigrade" eliza kuthetha "isantya esicothayo" yonke ibhekisa kwintshukumo yayo.

Ihlala phi itardigrade?

Sinokuzifumana ikakhulu kwi i-mosses, i-lichens kunye ne-ferns. Nangona kunjalo, baphinde baqhubele phambili amanzi, nokuba anetyuwa okanye anetyuwa kwaye ke ngoko sinokuzifumana phantse kuyo nayiphi na ikona yehlabathi.

Bafuna umaleko omncinci wamanzi ukuze baphile ngoxolo kwaye bangangeni kwi-cryptobiosis, esiya kuthi sibafumane ngayo. phantse naphina ngaphandle kweendawo eziyintlango.

Kuyenzeka ukubabona okanye bazibeke kwindawo yabo yokuhlala. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sijonge izityalo ze-moss xa sifumana enye kwaye sijonge ngenyameko ukuba iqulethe i-tardigrades.

tardigrade moss

Ukuchasa kwakhe okumangalisayo

Ukususela oko zafunyanwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, bezizizilwanyana ezibangel’ umdla yaye, ngenxa yoko, ziye zahlolisiswa.” Inokwenzeka njani into yokuba zixhathise iimeko ezimandundu ekungekho silwanyana sinokuxhathisa? Ngaba oko kunokubanceda abantu nezinye izilwanyana? Ingaba ukuxhathisa kwe-tardigrade kuya kude kangakanani?

Ixhathisa ntoni?

Kwimeko esebenzayo, enamanzi, azixhathisi ngaphezulu kwe-37ºC, nangona kunjalo zinokungena kwindawo efihlakeleyo apho ziye zixhathise ngokugqithisileyo. Bangaphila ngaphambili uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwama-6000 emoyeni, kumaqondo obushushu be -200ºC kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150ºC, iiseli zayo azonakaliswa yi-ionizing radiation kwaye ide inyamezele kwimeko indlala iminyaka eyi-1o. 

Kwimeko efihlakeleyo, i-tardigrades ikhupha onke amanzi angeyomfuneko kwaye ingene kwimeko ye-cryptobiosis, apho banqumamisa inkqubo ye-metabolic de iimeko ezigqithisileyo abajongene nazo zithobile. Lukhuselo olunjalo ukuba, kuloo meko, banokuphila phantse ngokungenasiphelo. Ngaphezu koko, "zinomkhenkce" kangangokuba azigugi. Nje ukuba bavuke, bakwiminyaka efanayo yebhayoloji njengoko babenjalo ngoku bangena kwinkqubo ye-cryptobiosis.

Zonke, ibenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphilayo ixhathisayo kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba. Asikho esinye isilwanyana esikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima njenge tardigrade. Sinokuzikhuphela emajukujukwini, sizibuyisele ekuhambeni kweminyaka kwaye sizivuse kwaye ziya kuba ngathi akwenzekanga nto. Nayiphi na enye into ephilayo ejongene nazo naziphi na kwezi meko sele sizikhankanyile iya kuba nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwi-DNA yayo kwaye iphantse yabangela ukufa kwayo.

tardigrade kwi cryptobiosis

Tardigrade kwi cryptobiosis (Umthombo: xataka.com)

Yintoni ukuxhathisa kwayo okungaka kubangelwa yintoni?

Emva kophando oluninzi kwafunyaniswa ukuba bane- iprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-Dsup, enoxanduva lokuphelisa umonakalo onokwenzeka ngokomzimba, kwaye ke ngoko ikhusela umonakalo we-DNA yeselula. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwale proteni ayikaziwa, nangona ukukwazi kwayo ukulungelelanisa okanye ukuguquguquka kuyaziwa, okukuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-DNA kwaye uyikhusele kulo naluphi na uhlaselo lwangaphandle. Konke oku kusaphandwa Inokuba nezicelo ezininzi kwicandelo lezonyango. Kuyafuneka ukwazi ukuba le proteni yavela njani kwaye yenziwa njani ukuba isebenze njengekhaka ukukhusela iDNA.

Ke, ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi ukuzazi ngcono ezi zilwanyana zincinci kuya kuzinceda zijamelane neemeko ezimbi ekungekho namnye umntu ophilayo ebenokujamelana nazo.


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