Fumanisa ukuba kutheni izixhobo ze-devops, zizinto zamva nje kwizinto ezintsha kunye neendlela zedijithali, kwaye kutheni zixabiswa kakhulu kuyilo lwesoftware.
Izixhobo ze-DevOps
Umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nesantya ezihamba ngaso iimarike zifuna ukuba imibutho ilungelelanise kwaye izenzele iinkqubo zayo ukuze izinze kwintengiso kwaye izibeke kwindawo yazo.
Ukuzenzekela ezi nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuba neqela elikhethekileyo ekuphuhliseni isoftware eyenzelwe inkqubo nganye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abo baza kusebenzisa ezi nkqubo okanye iinkqubo zihambelane nabaphuhlisi. Ukuze kubekho ukudityaniswa phakathi kwamaqela omabini kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeDevOps.
Ukuze omabini amaqela adibanise, kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba siqinisekise ukuba umgangatho wesofthiwe ulungile kwaye uzinzile. Ngamanye amazwi, izixhobo ze-DevOps yindlela eququzelela oku kudityaniswa phakathi kwamaqela omabini, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano.
Igama elibhekiselwe kwi-DevOps lisuka kwi-developmente (uphuhliso), kunye nemisebenzi (imisebenzi). Injongo yezi zixhobo kukuvelisa iimveliso zesoftware kunye/okanye iinkonzo ngelona xesha lifutshane linokwenzeka, ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
Isishwankathelo, izixhobo ze-DevOps yindlela yokuphuhlisa isofthiwe ebandakanya ukudibanisa abaphuhlisi beprogram kunye nabaqhubi, ukuvumela abo bangaphambili ukuba baqondise izenzo zabo ekuphuhliseni nasekuqaliseni ikhowudi yabo ngexesha elincinci. Emva koko:
- Izixhobo zeDevOps yindlela yokwenza isoftware
- Ilawula ukudibanisa abaphuhlisi kunye nabaqhubi benkqubo
- I-DevOps iququzelela ukwenziwa kwesoftware ngexesha elincinci, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, ngaphandle kokushiya ngasemva ukukhutshwa okuphindaphindiweyo.
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-DevOps, esiza kuzichaza ngezantsi. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziphathwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nelifu. Ukufumanisa ukuba zisebenza njani, sicebisa ukuba ufunde ikhonkco Ukhuseleko kwilifu
Umthombo weZixhobo zoLawulo lweKhowudi
Olu hlobo lwesixhobo lukuvumela ukuba ulandelele umsebenzi oqhubekayo, unokuseka ukulandelelana komyalelo, ukuseka iindawo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwabanye. Okwangoku, phakathi kwezixhobo zeDevOps kolu didi zezi:
Github
Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba wazi utshintsho olwahlukeneyo olwenziwe kwikhowudi yomthombo, kunye nokuba ngubani owenze olu tshintsho.
Izixhobo zokuphumeza
Olu luhlu lubhekiselele kwezo zixhobo ezibandakanya ukuzenzekelayo kwinkqubo nganye yolawulo lweshishini ezenza ukuba zivelise ngakumbi. Bajonge ukwenza ulawulo lusebenze ngakumbi kwaye lube nemveliso. Phakathi kwezixhobo ze-devops ezikwiimarike kwaye ezenza olu didi, sinokulandelayo.
Terraform
Esi sesinye sezixhobo ze-devops eziye zaba ngumkhwa, njengoko zibonakaliswa ngumthombo ovulekileyo womthombo ovumela ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo, uphuhliso kunye noguqulelo.
Ikwakuvumela ukuba uphumeze uhlengahlengiso lwangaphakathi ngendlela yobuqu. Ukubaluleka kwesi sibonelelo kukuba kukho isitshixo sokuphumeza ulawulo lwenguqulelo, ukudibanisa kunye nokuphunyezwa rhoqo, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwekhowudi.
Cloud Tools
Izixhobo ze-devops phakathi kolu didi zikuvumela ukuba uyile iindawo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo. Ezi nkonzo zibonelela ngezixhobo ezithile eziququzelela umsebenzi wolawulo lweshishini. Okwangoku, ezona zifunwa kakhulu zezo zixhobo ze-devops ezibonelela ngezicelo kwaye ezinokuguqulwa kuso nasiphi na isixhobo.
IAmazon Lambda
Esi sixhobo sifanelekile ekusebenzeni kwekhowudi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zasemva okanye iinkonzo. Udinga nje ukongeza ikhowudi kwaye isixhobo seLambda siyakukhathalela ukusebenza kunye nokulinganisa ikhowudi yakho. Ukusebenzisa iLambda ungaqwalasela ikhowudi ukuze isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo ngezinye iinkonzo ze-AWS okanye ngayo nayiphi na inkqubo kwiselula yakho okanye iphepha lewebhu.
Izixhobo zokudibanisa eziqhubekayo
Izixhobo ze-devops phakathi kolu didi zivumela ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo ukubona nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli kuyo yonke inkqubo ngexesha elifutshane elinokwenzeka. Kulo mongo, ukudibanisa okuzenzekelayo kunokuchazwa njengokuhlanganiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqityweni kweprojekthi.
Jenkins
Esi sesinye sezona zixhobo zipheleleyo ze-devops. UJenkins ulawula ukudibanisa kunye nezinye izixhobo eziqhubekayo zokuhambisa kunye nokudibanisa. Ukongeza, iJenkins yiseva ezenzekelayo enika ingxelo malunga notshintsho olwenziwayo; Ikuvumela ukuba wenze iimvavanyo ngexesha langempela kwaye usasaze ikhowudi kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Njengoko esi sixhobo sineeplagi ezingaphezulu kwewaka sithathwa njengesixhobo esinamandla kakhulu.
JenkinsX
Esi sesinye sezixhobo ze-devops ezenzelwe ukuhambisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-microservices kwiikhompyuter ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Inzuzo yesi sixhobo kukuba iyahambelana namaqonga ahlukeneyo afana neGoogle, i-Amazon, i-IBM Cloud, i-Azure, i-OpenShifr kunye ne-Pivotal. Injongo yalo kukunyusa isantya sokuphuhlisa nokuphucula iCI / CD.
izixhobo zokubeka iliso
Iinkampani okwangoku zibhenela kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezibavumela ukuba baphucule iinkqubo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafuneka ukuba uyibeke esweni isoftware yakho, iinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye nosetyenziso.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi wokubeka iliso, iinkampani zibhenela kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Yiyo loo nto, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zamva nje.
IGrafana
IGrafana sisixhobo esisivumela ukuba sibeke iliso kwiintsingiselo zabasebenzisi, kunye nophuhliso lwesicelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusivumela ukuba sinqume ukuphindaphinda kokungaphumeleli okuvela ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokuvelisa, kunye nakwiimeko ezingqongileyo, ezibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo. Enye yeenzuzo zesi sixhobo kukuba ihambelana nayo yonke imithombo yedatha efana ne-PostgreSQL, i-Graphite, i-Influx DB, i-Prometheus, i-ElasticSearch, i-MySQL, phakathi kwabanye.
Prometheus
Sisixhobo sokubeka iliso kumthombo ovulekileyo ngakumbi kwizikhongozeli kunye neenkonzo ezincinci. I-Prometheus yiseti yezixhobo onokuthi ngazo ujonge iinkqubo ngendlela yobuqu. Ikwakuvumela ukuba ubone izilumkiso zemithombo evulekileyo eyenzelwe izikhongozeli kunye nee-microservices.
Izikhongozeli zeDevOps
Izikhongozeli ze-Devops zivumela usetyenziso ukuba lwahlulwe kwindawo ezisetyenziswa kuyo. Ezi zinto zithathayo zivumela izixhobo ezisekwe kwizikhongozeli ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokulula nangokungaguquguqukiyo. Kukho izixhobo ze-devops zezikhongozeli kodwa okwangoku ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi zilandelayo.
Kubernetes
Ngaphakathi koluhlu lwezixhobo ze-DevOps, eyona ifunwa kakhulu yiKubernetes. Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba uphumeze kwaye ulawule iinkqubo eziphuhliswe kwizikhongozeli zeLinux.
Enye inzuzo kukuba iququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ekhompyutheni xa usebenza usetyenziso lwesoftware. Ngokufanayo, esi sixhobo sivumela ukuzenzekelayo, ukuphumeza ukucwangciswa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezikhongozeli zesicelo kumaqela oomatshini. Oku kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokusingqongileyo apho isicelo sikuyo, oko kukuthi, kwindawo yabucala, hybrid okanye cloud.
Docker
I-Docker yenye yezixhobo ze-devops ezifunwa kakhulu, kuba ngayo ukuphunyezwa kwezicelo kunokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokulinganisa, ukuze kulawulwe amacandelo athile esofthiwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Unokwahlula abaphuhlisi kunye nabaqhubi, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.
Amaqela e-DevOps
Amaqela ngamaqela ezixhobo ezidityaniswe ngesantya esiphezulu sothungelwano, kwaye ezisebenza ngokungathi sisixhobo esinye. Inzuzo yamaqela kukuba unokufikelela kwikhompyuter ngesantya esikhulu kunye namandla ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile kunye nemisebenzi. Ukwenza le misebenzi ikhoyo ezinye izixhobo ze-DevOps ezifana nezi:
iikops
Esi sixhobo sinesakhiwo somyalelo ngokukodwa ekuqulunqeni amaqoqo, ukuwagcina kusexesheni, ukuqwalasela kunye nokusebenzisa utshintsho oluyimfuneko. Ikwanako nokuba nako ukubona utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo.
IiNethiwekhi zeLayini yomyalelo
Imigca yomyalelo lujongano oluvumela ukuguqulwa kweenkqubo. Kukho ezinye izixhobo ze-devops esiza kuzichaza ngezantsi.
Netstat
I-Netstat sesinye sezixhobo ze-DevOps ngaphakathi kodidi lwelayini zomyalelo ezityhila uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo kwikhompyuter, nokuba ligalelo okanye imveliso.
indawo yokulala
Sisixhobo esikuvumela ukuba ubeke iliso kwimiba enxulumene ne-Linux disk I/O kwaye wenze itheyibhile ye-I/O esetyenziswayo ongayenza kwinkqubo nganye kwiinkqubo okanye isoftware.
Umtya
Sisixhobo esikuvumela ukuba ubone iimpazamo kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-GNU/Linux. Ikwalawula ukulandelela iifowuni kwisoftware esetyenziswa ngenkqubo kunye nayo yonke imiqondiso ebanjwa yinkqubo.
ionotifywait
Yiapplet yeLinux Kernel ejonge ukwandisa iinkqubo zogcino okanye iifayile kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise ulwazi malunga nezo setingi kwizicelo. Ithatha indawo ye-dnotify, eyayineenjongo ezifanayo.
Curl
Sisixhobo se-devops esivumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ii-URLs, kunye nokudlulisa iifayile ngeLinux. Inokuphathwa ngeefom zeDict, iFayile, i-LDap, iTtp, i-Ftps, i-Http, i-https, i-Tftp, i-Scp, i-Sfto, i-Telecet, phakathi kwabanye.
ngrep
Ngrep, esinye sezixhobo ze-devops ezisebenza njengomhlalutyi wepakethi yenethiwekhi. Oku kunokwenzeka ngojongano lwelayini yomyalelo kwaye isekwe kwi-GNU yokubonisa rhoqo kunye nelayibrari ye-pcap.
IiProtocol zeNethiwekhi
Iiprothokholi zenethiwekhi yimigaqo elawula unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Le sethi yemigaqo ivumela iikhomputha kunye / okanye izixhobo ukuba zichonge kwaye zidibanise omnye nomnye. Kolu luhlu sinezixhobo ezilandelayo zeDevOps:
Telnet
Esi sixhobo sithathwa njengeprotocol yomxhasi womncedisi ovumela uxhulumaniso oluthembekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza uxhulumaniso kwi-port yamashumi amabini anesithathu kwiProtocol yoLawulo lokuThunyelwa (TCP), kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba kukho ukuphulaphula isicelo somncedisi weTelnet.
Ping
Sesinye sezona zixhobo ziluncedo esinokuzifumana kwisoftware yolawulo. Ngombulelo ku-Ping sinokufumana ukufikeleleka lula kwiinginginya ezahlukeneyo esinokufikelela kuzo ngezi mpawu zolawulo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esi sixhobo sinokufumaneka kwiinkqubo ezininzi zolawulo ngenxa yeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezisinika zona.
nfs
Ii-initials zayo zivela kwiNgesi yeNkqubo yeFayile yeNethiwekhi (NFS) Esi sixhobo senza kube lula kumsebenzisi ukufikelela kwiifayile ngenethiwekhi yekhompyuter efana nendlela engena ngayo kwindawo yokugcina indawo. Okusele kuthethiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kungenziwa nzulu ngolu lwazi lulandelayo lwe-audiovisual.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeDevops
Iinkampani ezibandakanye izixhobo ze-devops ukwenza iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ziye zachaza ukuba phakathi kwezinto ezilungileyo abazifumeneyo ngezi zixhobo zezi:
- Ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi
- Baye bakwazi ukunciphisa ixesha lokuthengisa
- Bavumela ukugcina ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kweprogram
- Lisebenzise ixesha lokubuyisela.