La umxhuzulane owenziweyo esithubeni kukwahluka komxhuzulane wendalo (G force) ngendlela eyenziweyo, ngakumbi esithubeni, kodwa nasemhlabeni. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla angalinganiyo, amandla aphakathi nendawo kunye nesantya somgca.
Ngokunjalo, bubuchwephesha obuyimfuneko bokuzingisa komntu kwindalo iphela, ngokusebenzisa izikhululo zasezulwini okanye iindawo ezisingqongileyo. Ngeli xesha, i-astrophysics kunye nobunjineli be-aerospace ziphanda kwaye zisebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa nokulawula ezi nkalo. umxhuzulane.
Ukutyhubela imbali, kuye kwavezwa iindlela ezininzi zokudala umxhuzulane owenziweyo, kanye njengokuba kuye kwenzeka nakwinkalo yentsomi yenzululwazi apho, kuzo zombini ezi meko, kuye kwasetyenziswa amandla okwenene nawemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, izifundo kwi umxhuzulane owenziweyo kwindawo engaphandle ngokusetyenziswa kwabantu azikaqhubi, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kuceliwe kwiinqanawa zasezulwini zezandiso ezinkulu ezinokuthi zifikelele ekujikelezeni okwaneleyo ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza okufunekayo kwi-centripetal.
Ubuchule bokuvelisa umxhuzulane owenziweyo esithubeni
Umxhuzulane eyenziweyo kwindawo inokubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi:
Ukujikeleza
Inqanawa ejikelezayo iya kubangela imvakalelo yomxhuzulane ngaphakathi kwesigcina-ntloko sakho. Ujikelezo luhambisa nawuphi na umzimba ongaphakathi enqanaweni ukuya kwiindonga zayo, inika imbonakalo ye-verve Umxhuzulane isingise ngaphandle. "I-zest," edla ngokubalwa njengamandla e-centrifugal, eneneni yimbonakaliso yamaqumrhu angaphakathi enqanaweni azenza ngathi ahamba ngendlela ethe tye ngenxa yokungakhathali.
Iindonga zenqanawa zibonelela ngamandla asembindini aceliweyo ukuze imizimba ihambe isangqa (ukuba zande ngomgca othe tye ziya kuyishiya imida yenqanawa). Ke ngoko, ubunzima obuvezwa zizinto luxhathiso olulula lwamandla ento eludongeni eqhankqalaza ngamandla aphakathi eludongeni emzimbeni, ngokutsho Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uluntu olujikelezayo kwimo engqongileyo, i umxhuzulane owenziweyo esithubeni ngokujikeleza iqhubela phambili kwezinye izinto ngendlela efanayo nomxhuzulane oqhelekileyo kodwa inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Amandla e-Centrifugal
Ngokungafaniyo nomxhuzulane wokwenyani, ochulumancisayo ukuya embindini, le spin pseudo-force ibonelela 'umxhuzulane' ojikelezayo ophumela kude kwi-axis yokujikeleza. Amanqanaba omxhuzulane okwenziwayo ayahluka nje ngomgama ukusuka kumbindi we inguqulelo. Ngeradiyasi encinci ye-gyration, ubungakanani bomxhuzulane obuvakele ngaphezulu buya kuba ngobuchule obungalinganiyo nobungakanani obuviwa ezinyaweni.
Oku kunokudala intshukumo kunye notshintsho oluhlazo kwimeko yomzimba. Ngokutsho kwe ifiziksi ebandakanyekayo, ukujikeleziswa okucothayo okanye iradiyasi enkulu yojikelezo ingadambisa okanye ikhuphele umva le ngxaki, ngokwesithathu. Newton umthetho.
Iziphumo zeCoriolis
Oku kunika amandla abonakalayo aqhubela phambili kwizinto ezishukunyiswa ngokunxulumene nesakhelo sebali esijikelezayo. La mandla acingelwayo aqhubela phambili kwii-engile ezichanekileyo kwi-wiggle kunye ne-axis yokujikeleza kwaye ithande ukugoba intshukumo kwicala elichaseneyo nokujikeleza kokusingqongileyo. Ukuba i-astronaut kwimeko ye umxhuzulane Ukuba into eyenziweyo ejikelezayo inyakazela isiya okanye ikude ne-axis yokujikeleza, uya kuva amandla avuselelayo ukuya okanye ukude kwicala lokujikeleza.
La mandla asebenza kwindlebe engaphakathi kwaye anokubangela ukuba ube nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu kunye nokudideka. Ukwandisa ixesha lokujikeleza (isantya esisezantsi sokuguqulela) kuxhomekeke kwi Ikoriyoli neziphumo zayo. Ngokubanzi, kufunyenwe ukuba kwi-2 rpm okanye ngaphantsi, akukho miphumo enobutshaba evela kumandla e-Coriolis; kumazinga aphezulu, abanye abantu banokuzifundisa kuwo kwaye abanye abanako; kodwa kumazinga aphambili kwi-7 rpm bambalwa abantu abanokuqeqesha.Moya
Akukaziwa nokuba ukuvezwa okwandisiweyo kumanqanaba aphezulu emikhosi ye-Coriolis kwandisa ukuthambekela kokulingana. Iziphumo ezibangela isicaphucaphu sesiphumo seCoriolis nazo zinokuncitshiswa ngokusoka intshukumo yentloko.
Inzululwazi emva komxhuzulane owenziweyo osesibhakabhakeni ovela kwiimuvi zenzululwazi
Yintoni efunekayo ukwenza umxhuzulane ongeyonyani esithubeni? Nabani na oye wabona i-cinema encinci uya kuxoxa ukuba kwanele ukwenza inqanawa ejikelezayo ngokwayo. amandla okugxila zifane nomxhuzulane. Impendulo ichanekile, kodwa ukuqonda loo njongo yinto eyahlukileyo.
Umbono wezikhululo zezulu ezimile okwevili eziqengqelekayo ukuze abasebenzi bazo bazingise emhlabeni endaweni yokuba badadayo awuyonto intsha. Siyibonile kwinqwaba yeemuvi ukusuka ngo-2001: I-Space Odyssey ukuya kwiMartian. Ngeminyaka yee-60, i NASA wenza umgunyathi omkhulu ukuzama ukwenza umfuniselo ukuba amandla aphakathi achulumanciswa kukujikeleza kwento anokusetyenziselwa ukwenza umxhuzulane womxhuzulane ongeyonyani ngaphakathi kuloo nto. Imiphumo yayisebenza, kodwa inqanawa enjalo ayizange ifunyanwe. Ngoba?
Isizathu sisebenza nje. ukwakha a isikhululo se-cosmic ngoko ke kufuneka isixa esingalungelelanisiweyo semihlaba kunye nenkunzi.
Ubunzima bokuqala bukhulu besikhululo. Kwimeko esihlaselayo, amandla e-centrifugal alingana nobubanzi kwisantya sokujikeleza, kwaye iinqanawa zasezulwini zolu hlobo esizibona kwi-cinema azikhathazeki kakhulu malunga nokubala. Ngo-2001: Isithuba se-Odyssey, umzekelo, isikhululo somnyele unobubanzi obuziimitha ezingama-300 kwaye sijikeleza ngesantya esimalunga ne-1 rpm. Olo lungiselelo alwanelanga ukwenza umxhuzulane wobuxoki wenyanga, oyi-1/6 yoMhlaba. ukuvela a umxhuzulane njengaleyo yokwandiswa koMhlaba kuya kufuneka iqengqeleke nge-2,4rpm.
Ukuba isiphekepheke besinobungakanani obunengqondo ngakumbi (imitha engama-25 yerediyasi), bekuya kufuneka ukuba sibaleke nge-6 rpm, nto leyo ebiya kungenzeki xa kuvavanywa kwaye besiya kulahlekisa abahamba emajukujukwini. Kwangaxeshanye, ubunzima buxhomekeke kwindlela eya kumbindi wokujikeleza. Kwisikhululo esincinane ngolo hlobo, umxhuzulane ofunyenwe ezinyaweni zomntu ubungayi kufana nalowo ubonwa entloko. Ukubuyela kwi-ISS, eneneni inxalenye yobabalo lwesikhululo sethu sokwenyani kwindawo kukuba sivumela ukuba siqaphele microgravity.
Ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ibonakalise amandla omxhuzulane ngokufanelekileyo, isikhululo celeste Kumele ukuba ibenkulu kakhulu, kwaye ukubeka nje iintonga kwi-orbit ukuyilakha kubiza kakhulu. Ukubeka ikhilogram yobunzima kwi-orbit kwenye yeerokethi ze-Falcon 9 ezikhoyo ze-SpaceX kubiza i-2700 yeedola. Xa inkampani iqala ukuqhuba umahluko wayo omtsha olayishiweyo we-Falcon 9, elo xabiso liya kuba phantsi kwe-1.650 yeedola ngekhilogram yomthwalo.
Mhlawumbi ixabiso linokunqunyulwa ngosuku esikwazi ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-asteroids evela kwiSolar System kwaye siyiqhube kwi-asteroids. zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakha i-60-kilometer-diameter-diameter markmarks njengesikhululo kwi-movie i-Elyssium iya kuba ngumngeni kwishishini. Okungaqhelekanga kwimeko apho ufuna ukwazi malunga nomxhuzulane owenziweyo esithubeni.