Las iminyele emincinane yiminyele emincinane edityaniswe ziinkwenkwezi eziziintlobo ngeentlobo, ezikwaziyo ukufikelela malunga namawaka ambalwa ezigidi, ngokuchaseneyo nomnyele "oqhelekileyo okanye okhoyo ngoku", ohlaliswa ziibhiliyoni, okwaziyo ukufikelela kumakhulu eebhiliyoni zeenkwenkwezi.
Ngolu landelelwano lwezimvo, ukuba endaweni yesambuku se iinkwenkwezi Umthamo wayo uqikelelwa Iminyele emincinane ibala ukusuka kwiipaseksi ezimbalwa ukuya malunga ne-10, ngokuchaseneyo nezinye, ezinokufikelela kwaye zigqithe kwi-000 parsecs, akunjalo?
Iimpawu zeminyele emincinane
Ezinye zeempawu zeminyele emincinane zezi:
1. ubungakanani
Uninzi lweminyele alunamacala abukhali, ngoko ke izazi ngeenkwenkwezi maxa wambi zivakalisa umthamo womnyele ngokwe "mean radius" yawo. eLuzi”, efaka ngaphakathi eyona nxalenye iqaqambileyo yomnyele kwaye yenza isiqingatha sokukhanya kwawo. Ngokunjalo, iCrater 2 dwarf galaxy inesiqingatha sokukhanya kwe-axis engama-7.000 yeminyaka yokukhanya ekuthi, ukuba sinokuyahlula, ingenza indawo enkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunenyanga epheleleyo.
Kwelinye icala, izazinzulu zithi iCrater 2 ayizange ifumaneke nanjengoko iye yaphononongwa kufutshane nezinye izinto ezisanda kubonakala: iCrater globular cluster, kunye nobukho beminyele emithathu emincinci eLeo. Zonke zinokuba ngumba ofanelekileyo weseti yeminyele emincinane ephoswa ngakulo Indlela yobisi.
2. Umnyele omncinci wokukhanya
UJosh Simon, isazinzulu, uthi igalari ibalasele kuba ikhazimla ngakumbi phantse kuyo yonke eminye iminyele eye yatyhilwa ijikeleza kwiMilky Way ebudeni bexesha lokugqibela. Ivakalisa ukukhanya kwe-160.000 ngaphezulu kweLanga.
3. Iminyele emincinci ebekwe kwiQela leNgingqi
Ngolunye ulandelelwano lweengcamango, kwiqoqo leminyele apho sikhoyo, oko kukuthi, i iqela lendawo, iminyele emincinane emininzi inokufumaneka. Uninzi lutyekele ekujikelezeni eminye iminyele emikhulu, yiyo loo nto kukhankanywa iminyele yesathelayithi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kwimeko yento emele i-satellite galaxy ye-Andromeda galaxy, inokuchazwa njenge-Andromeda I, II, III, njalo njalo.
4. Ukudalwa kweminyele emincinane
Iithiyori zangoku zithi iminyele, ekufutshane ne-dwarfs, yenziwa ngokuhlanganisana nezinto ezimnyama, okanye ngendlela efanayo nerhasi ebamba isinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, i NASA uye watyhila iminyele emincinane eyahlukahlukeneyo abanentsimbi encinci. Le minyele yayikwisangqa seLeo, ilifu lasesithubeni elihleli phakathi kweminyele emibini eyomeleleyo nesele iza kungqubana.
5. Iminyele emifutshane eyi-elliptical dwarf
ngesigidi uninzi lwenziwe ngabo iilesi, iminyele emifutshane e-elliptical mikhulu kancinane kunamaqela eglowubhu. Zenziwe ngenani eliphantsi leenkwenkwezi, nto leyo ezenza zitshintshe ngokugqithisileyo kwaye kube nzima kakhulu ukuzifumana. Ezinye azibonakali kumacwecwe emizobo, kwaye zivela ngokufihlakeleyo kuphela, ngemilinganiselo yokuguquguquka kumanyano lweenkwenkwezi ezifumaneka kwi-cosmos.
Uzahlula njani iminyele emincinane eyielliptical
Ingxaki yendawo inesiphumo esibalulekileyo: siyakwazi kuphela ukwahlula i iminyele iimidges kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Oku kubonisa, ngokucacileyo, ubunzima xa kufikwa ekuvavanyeni ezinye izinto, ezinje ngokonwaba kweminyele emincinane kwiCosmos kunye nentsebenziswano yabo nobunzima bayo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kokudityaniswa kwayo okuphantsi kakhulu, inani eloyikekayo leminyele emincinane iya kunyanzelwa ngokwenene ukuba ibe nesiphumo esiqikelelwayo kubunzima beNdalo, nto leyo ebonakala ngathi inokwenzeka.
Uninzi lweentlobo eziqhelekileyo zeminyele emincinane
Phakathi kweeklasi okanye iintlobo zeminyele mfutshane ezona ziziwayo zezi:
I-Elliptical Dwarf Galaxy, i-Irregular Dwarf Galaxy, i-Magellan Dwarf Galaxy, i-Dwarf Spiral Galaxy kwaye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, i-Spheroidal Dwarf Galaxy. Ngolunye uluvo, eminye imizekelo yeminyele encinci inokuba: Carina Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Pegasus Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Small Magellanic Cloud, NGC 1569, NGC 1705, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Leo I, Tucana Dwarf, Draco Dwarf Sagittarius Irregular Dwarf, I Zwicky 18, UGC 5336, Sextans A, Sagittarius Elliptical Dwarf, Henize 2-10 kwaye ngokunjalo sinayo iPhoenix Dwarf
i-nebulae encinci
Ukwahlulahlula okuqhelekileyo kweminyele, ngokwenkalo yeemvakalelo zabo, kuxhaphake ngaphantsi isiteketiso sohlelo de Hubble. Olunye ulungiselelo lwe-nebulae lunokwenziwa ngokunxulumene nesihlwele sabo.
Kwakhona, abaphandi kudala beqikelela ukuba ukubhabha kwezidalwa ezisesibhakabhakeni kuthintelwe kakhulu, kuba iminyele ephawuliweyo ibonakala inobunzima obufanayo. Ngokwenene, isikali sikhulu kakhulu kunoko, kodwa kwakunzima ukuyiqonda.
Ngokuchanekileyo, kude kube mva nje, izibonisi zethu ziye zathintelwa ekufumaneni eyona galaksi incinci, neyona idibanayo, kuba ibimfiliba kakhulu. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba baqonde iminyele emikhulu, ekubeni le iqelelene, eLuzi Kubonakala ngathi, ngenxa yoko, iyancipha kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelele oku kungasentla, kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zokuhlalutya, i izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ngokufutshane bahlaziye iinebulae ezintsha Owathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abalekele kuyo yonke into efunyenweyo, ngaloo ndlela efumanisa umoya obanzi ngakumbi we-agglomeration. Siyazi ngoku ukuba kukho izinto ezibuthathaka kakhulu.
Umnyele omncinane omncinane womnyele wethu
Iqela le izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa umnyele omncinane ejikeleza kwi-Milky Way enomyinge obanzi ngokugqithisileyo kunezo phantse zonke ezinye iinkwenkwezi zenebula. Inokuchaphazela iqela elincinane leminyele ephoswe ngakuye.
Kwelinye icala, iminyele emikhulu efana neMilky Way yadalwa ngokunyibilika kwemincinane, ngokwemilinganiselo. Uhanahaniso nalo lubonisa ukuba yonke ingqokelela yeminyele inokuphoswa ngaxeshanye kwinebula enkulu. Ezona modeli zibalaseleyo kwindawo yethu ye-cosmic yiMagellan Clouds (iminyele emincinci), iinebula ezimbini i-satellite ezona ndawo ziqaqambileyo zeMilky Way, mhlawumbi ezijikeleza ngapha nangapha.
Ngenye indlela, malunga neshumi elinesibini leenebula ezijikelezayo kwiMilky Way. Elona likhulu ngokwemiqathango yokuhlanjululwa yiSagittarius dwarf, ephononongwe ngo-1994, nangona kunjalo inkulu kuphela ngenxa yokuba ichithwa bubunzima beMilky Way. Ezi zilandelayo kubalo zezi Amafu eMagellan.
Izigqibo malunga neminyele emincinane
Iminyele iidwarfs liqela leenebula ezincinci ilungelelaniswe zizigidi zeenkwenkwezi, inani elincinane elikwiMilky Way eligcina phakathi kwama-200 nama-400 eebhiliyoni zeenkwenkwezi.
Kwelinye icala, kukho indawo esibhakabhakeni izazinzulu eziyibiza ngokuba yiLocal Group, apho izigidi zeenebula zidla ngokudibana. Ngaloo ndlela, iminyele emincinane iluhlobo lweminyele i-nebula ehlala rhoqo, kwaye kucingelwa ukuba oku kuyayikholisa yonke i-cosmos. Rhoqo la mantombazana ajikeleza iminyele ekufutshane neenebula ezinkulu, njengeAndromeda Galaxy, iMilky Way okanye iTriangulum Galaxy. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umnyele wethu uneminyele emincinane eli-14 ejikelezayo rhoqo.
Ekugqibeleni, enye ye iminyele eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yincinci Isiza 2, umnyele omtsha awubonakali ebantwini, nangona kunjalo ezinye iinkwenkwezi zawo zinokubonwa. Iqela lakwazi ukuyifumana kuphela ngoJanuwari 2016, emva kokusebenzisa ikhomputha ukujonga ukuhambelana kweenkwenkwezi ezikhulayo ukuya kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kwidatha ethathwe yi-VST ATLAS survey eChile.