Kwihlabathi le-cosmos kukho uhlobo lwe-nebula olubizwa ngokuba yi-nebula umnyele we-markarin Kweso seti yezinto ezisisiseko, umphunga kunye nothuli ziyakhululwa ngoku, ezinokuthi, ukuba bezigcinwe kwindawo yazo, beziza kusetyenziswa ukunika umngxuma omnyama okhohlakeleyo irhasi nothuli oluyidingayo ukugcina uphuhliso lwawo olunomsindo. Le mveliso ingaka yothuli lwasezulwini kunye nerhasi ngendlela efanayo ithintela izinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kumnyele weMarkarin ukwenza ukuveliswa kweenkwenkwezi.
Izinto eziphuma kwi-Markarian Galaxy
La igalari i-markarian ineentlobo ezininzi ezithi nazo zibe namagama afanayo okanye ahambelanayo nawo, ezi:
UMarkarian 23
Lo mnyele wawufanekiselwa yiyunithi yeSylvain Veilleux kwiKholeji yaseRhodes eTennessee, apho kufumaneka ilebhu ebalaseleyo yokufunda malunga nokuphuma okubalaseleyo okuveliswe okwesibini yimingxuma emnyama emikhulu. Lo mxholo ngokwemvelo ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo kwaye ukufutshane esihlala sihlala kuwo kwi-galaxy enkulu kwizigaba zokuphelisa ukuphosa okukhohlakeleyo kunye nenkqubo yokuzinikela kwikhava yayo, ukufumanisa iquasar enamandla kakhulu edolophini.
Ngokuphathelele oku kungasentla, ngokubonisa ukuba iMarkarian 231, inxalenye yomnyele weMarkarian, ifakelwe kakuhle kakhulu, ulwazi oludalwe kwi-Observatory yeGemini lubonisa ubukho bompompoza obanzi ophuhla kuzo zonke iziqhelaniso ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-8.000.eLuzi yendlela eya kwinucleus yomnyele we-markarian.
Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iMarkarian 231 imalunga nezigidi ezingama-600 zokukhanya kweminyaka, kwicala lendawo Bhele enkulu. Nangona ubunzima bayo bungaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, olunye uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba iMarkarian 231 inobunzima beenkwenkwezi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunomnyele wethu, oko kukuthi, uMnyele Wezulu.
I-Galaxy Chain yaseMarkarian
Ngaphakathi entliziyweni yeQela leVirgo leMinyele kukho into eninzi emele ikhonkco leminyele eboniswa njengeChain yaseMarkarian. Kolu luhlu lwahlukeneyo, ungafumana ezimbini ezinkulu kodwa ezincinci ezichaziweyo iminyele lenticular, ezi zizinto esiziphatha njenge-M84 kunye ne-M86, kwaye yona idibanisa ne-spiral M88 enkulu.
Ngale ngqiqo, i-Virgo Cluster yeyona iseti yeminyele ikufutshane, ngaphezu kwama-2.000 kubo inokufumaneka kuyo, kwaye yenza isizinda esibalulekileyo somxhuzulane phezu kweQela leNgingqi leGalaksi elikufutshane Indlela yobisi.
Kwakhona, umbindi weQela leVirgo ubekwe malunga nezigidi ezingama-70 zokukhanya-unyaka olungelelaniswe nenxalenye yekroza leVirgo. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ubuncinane iminyele esixhenxe ekolu luhlu ikholelwa ukuba ishukuma ngaxeshanye, nangona kunjalo, eminye ivakalelwa kukuba yongame apho ngamabona-ndenzile.
Imeko yomnyele we-markarian 266
Kwelinye icala, kunokubonwa kwihlabathi lendalo yonke ukuba kukho inkunkuma yombala kunye nokukhanya okuqengqelekayo ngokusasazwa okuvezwa njenge. NGC 5256, isakhiwo sayo esingaqhelekanga sisekelwe kwisizathu sokuba lo ayisiwo umnyele, kodwa ezimbini, ekuhambeni kokungqubana. Ngokunjalo, iintsiba zayo ezinjengomsi ziphoswa kuzo zonke iindawo kwaye i-axis ekhanyayo ikhanyisela iindawo eziphazamisekileyo zerhasi kunye nothuli ezibekwe kumbindi womnyele.
Umcimbi ongaqhelekanga womnyele we-markarian 177
Ngokumalunga noku kungasentla, izinto ezinomtsalane zalo mnyele ziphila ngoku kunye nezo zinokufunyanwa ngumngxuma omkhulu omnyama ogxothwe kumnyele wawo emva kokudibana nomnye umngxuma omkhulu omnyama. Kodwa ke izazi ngeenkwenkwezi abakakwazi ukwahlula into enokwenzeka yokuzikhethela, ukuba yintsalela yinkwenkwezi enkulu engazange iviwe, ekhuphe imathiriyeli kangangexesha elide phambi kokuba izivuthele kugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iYunivesithi yaseUnited States iqinisekisile ukuba ukukhanya kwe-SDSS1133, into engaqhelekanga efunyenwe kwi-galaxy ye-Markarian, iguqule kancinci ibe yimbonakalo okanye i-ultraviolet luminaire ngexesha lonke, elingelona uphawu. kwintsalela entsha ye supernova. Ngokunjalo, nokuba yintoni na i-SDSS1133, awunakunceda kodwa uzimisele. Iqela liye lakwazi ukuyifumana kwimibono yesibhakabhaka esele ikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.
Into engaqondakaliyo yinxalenye ye-Markarian galaxy 177, ehlala kwindawo yokuqhelanisa i-constellation Ursa Major. Nangona imingxunya emikhulu emnyama ihlasela amaziko eenkwenkwezi, i-SDSS1133 ikwindawo engekho ngaphantsi kwama-2.600 eminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka kwi-axis yomzali wayo kumnyele. Ngenye indlela, iqela lokuhlola liyakrokra ukuba eyona nto inqabileyo i-cosmic ibe sisiphumo sokudityaniswa kweminyele emibini emincinane kunye nemingxuma ephakathi emnyama.
Iziqendu ezitsha zokubunjwa kweenkwenkwezi zaba sisiphumo sokungqubana kweminyele mibini kwaye idityaniswe, nto leyo eyathi yatshintsha imilo yayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umnyele ngamnye unomngxuma omnyama ogqwesileyo, yomibini ibe sisibini esisembindini wokudibana kweminyele, yaye oku kunokuphela ngokulula ekudityanisweni kweminyele emibini. imingxunya emnyama.
Ngokufanayo, ukudibanisa imingxuma emnyama ikhupha umthamo omkhulu wamandla omele amaza obunzima. "Iizambuku" ezikwiseyile yexesha lasemkhathini ziphuma ngaphandle kuzo zonke iindlela ezivela kwinginginya evuselelayo. Ewe, zombini imingxunya abamnyama banobunzima obulinganayo kunye ne-spins, ukunyibilika kwabo kuya kubonakalisa amaza omxhuzulane ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke imikhondo.
Kodwa kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba ubuninzi kunye ne-spins yemingxuma emnyama ayilingani, ekhokelela ekubonakalisweni kwamaza. umxhuzulane ukudideka okuya kuvuselela umngxuma omnyama kwi-orientation echaseneyo.
Kolu landelelwano lwezimvo, eyona nto ikufutshane kwindlela yobisi yinkqubo yezinto ezimbini ezinkulu i-Eta Carinae, equlethe iLuminous Blue Variable egama layo liphindaphindwe kangangama-90. Sol. Phakathi kwe-1838 kunye ne-1845, inkqubo yenzeke ngokugqabhuka okwakhupha isixa semiba eqikelelwa ukuba bubuncinane be-10 ubunzima belanga, kwaye oko kwenza ukuba ibe yeyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni. Ukugxothwa okuncinci kwalandela ngeminyaka yee-1890s.
Imeko ye-markarian galaxy 817, leyo ye-nucleus esebenzayo okanye i-AGN.
Izazinge zeenkwenkwezi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zijikeleze i-axis eqaqambileyo neguqukayo yalo mnyele ujikelezayo, onomngxuma omnyama okhohlakeleyo uphosa imathiriyeli kwindalo iphela ngaphezulu kwe-14 lezigidi zeekhilomitha ngeyure. Kubonwa phantse intloko-on, umnyele umaki 817, ibonisa iindawo ezibukhali zokuyila ze iinkwenkwezi kunye neebhanti ezimnyama zothuli lwasesithubeni ecaleni kweengalo zayo eziluqilima. Ngokukwanjalo, inkcazelo entsha eye yabonakaliswa, ibonise imveliso enamandla yezinto ezingekaziwa ezizezalo mnyele.
Ngokufanayo, oku kukhutshwa kubangelwa yi-disk eyoyikisayo yezinto ezijikeleze umngxuma omnyama omkhulu, onamandla ngamaxesha angama-40 ezigidi kuneLanga lethu. igalari a ngokusebenzisa imimoya ebhudla ngamandla, ebangelwa yimijelo yeeathom ezibethwayo. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ezinye zezi mvula zibuyela kumnyele, kodwa ezinye zibekwe kwi-intergalactic medium.
Kwelinye icala, izazinzulu zifuna ukwazi inani elichanekileyo lezinto eziphumayo ezihlala kwi igalari kwaye yimalini engena kwindawo ye-intergalactic. Ukufezekisa konke oku, bafuna ukuqwalaselwa okuninzi ngakumbi spectroscopic ukulungela okuphezulu ukufumanisa iirubrikhi zezinto eziphumayo, eziqulethe initrogen, initrogen kunye neoksijini. Oku kuya kubavumela ukuba balungise isakhiwo, indawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemimoya ethengisa inxalenye ye-galaxy ye-Markarian 817.