La kumnyele weCentaurus A luhlobo lomnyele welenticular kumgama ozizigidi ezili-14 zokukhanya kweminyaka kummandla weCentaurus. Ngale ndlela, yenye yeminyele yerediyo ekufutshane ne Umhlaba, ngoko umongo wayo osebenzayo wesibhakabhaka uye wavavanywa kakhulu ngabaphandi abaziingcali.Moya
Kwakhona, umnyele i-centaurus A ngowesihlanu i-nebula eqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni, ngaloo ndlela ibe lugxininiso olugqibeleleyo lwendalo. iastrophysics i-amateur, nangona umnyele ubonakala ngokulula kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kunye ne-amplitudes esezantsi esemantla.
Ngokuphathelele oku kungasentla, ngophando lukanomathotholo olwenziwa kwithuba leminyaka elishumi, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zavakalisa ukuba inxalenye engaphakathi yale jethi ishukuma malunga nesiqingatha sesantya sokukhanya. IiX-reyi zibangelwa kukudibana kwejethi ekude neegesi ezikufuphi, ngaloo ndlela zenza uthuli olunamandla.
I-Morphology ye-galaxy centaurus A
Imofoloji ye igalari cI-entaurus A ingabalwa ngendlela ephawuleka kakhulu. Okulandelayo ndiza kukunika ezinye ii-typologies zalo mnyele mkhulu.
1. Imbonakalo yomnyele icentaurus A
Njengoko inokwahlulwa kwiplanethi enguMhlaba, i-centaurus A ifana ngokusondeleyo neklasi ye-lenticular okanye i-elliptical galaxy ene-lane yothuli esetyenzisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, imvelaphi yalo mnyele yaqatshelwa ngo-1847 nguJohn Herschel, kwaye umnyele wangeniswa kwi-Atlas of iminyele engaqhelekanga (eyapapashwa ngo-1966) njengenye yeemodeli ezilungileyo ze-galaxy "ephazamisekileyo" kunye nokungena kothuli. Umgaqo-siseko okhethekileyo womnyele i-Centaurus A uphononongwa ngokupheleleyo njengesiphumo sokonakala phakathi kweminyele emibini emincinane.Moya
Ngokunjalo, umnyele we-centaurus A udityanisiwe iinkwenkwezi iqhubekile ibomvu. Idiski enothuli, nangona kunjalo, yindawo yendalo entsha yeenkwenkwezi; malunga ne 100 imimandla yokwakheka kwenkwenkwezi ifaniswe kule diski.
2. I-Supernovae kumnyele u-centaurus A
Omnye supernova ifunyenwe kwigalaksi ye-centaurus A. Le supernova yonyulwa njenge-SN 1986G, eyatyhilwa ngaphakathi kwendlela emnyama yalo mnyele ngu-R. Evans ngo-1986. Ngolu landelelwano lweengcamango, le meko ifunyenwe yaqinisekiswa kamva njenge-Type IA Supernova. .
Olu hlobo lwenziwa xa ubunzima bomntu omhlophe omhlophe buthatha indawo yobunzima obukhulu obunokuthi buphumle phezu kwabo ngomxhuzulane, injalo imeko yento enokwenzeka xa ingqawa emhlophe kudidi lwenkwenkwezi yokubini iphosa. umphunga kwezinye iinkwenkwezi zenkqubo efanayo. I-SN 1986G yodwa ukuze ibonise ukuba ukusasazwa kwe-supernovae yolu hlobo ayifani kwaye inokwahluka ngendlela enokuthi itshintshe into ecacileyo iya kuba ngamaxesha athile.
Iphi iGalaxy Centaurus A?
Ngokophando olwenziwa yi-European Southern Observatory, kuye kwenzeka ukuqokelela owona mfanekiso ubanzi womnyele iCentaurus A. Ngokufanayo, kwi-observatory echaziweyo baye bakwazi ukumisela oko ICentaurus I-A, ekwaphathwa njenge-NGC 5128, luphawu olukhulu lwe-elliptical galaxy ebonisa umngxuma omkhulu omnyama obekwe kumbindi wayo.
Ngale ngqiqo, ukuze kufumaneke indawo yomnyele iCentaurus A, kwachazwa ukuba kubude beminyaka yokukhanya emalunga nezigidi ezili-12 ukusuka kwindawo yethu. iplanethi, ngokukodwa kwikroza elisemazantsi leCentaurus (i-centaur) kwaye ikwanezinto ezikhethekileyo zokuba igalari yesibhakabhaka esibalasele kakhulu malunga namaza kanomathotholo.
Kwelinye icala, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikholelwa ukuba i-radiant core, ukukhutshwa kwamaza kanomathotholo ngamandla, kunye neziganeko zejeti ezenziwe yi-centaurus A zibangelwa ngumngxuma omnyama osembindini onobunzima obuphindwe ngezigidi ezili-100 Sol. Umba walo mmandla unzima womnyele ukhupha isixa esikhulu samandla njengoko usenza oku Umngxunya omnyama
Kwakhona, ngokuchasene neminyele emininzi elliptical, imiboniso ethambileyo ye-Centaurus A iphazanyiswa yibhanti enkulu engaqhelekanga yemathiriyeli enomthunzi, ethi, nayo, igubungele umbindi womnyele we-centaurus A. Le band emnyama igcina iseti enkulu yomphunga, amasuntswana amise uthuli kunye neenkwenkwezi ezenza kwaye zigcine urhulumente omncinci.
I-Centaurus A Galaxy phantsi kwendlela yophando ngakumbi
Umnyele omangalisayo we-centaurus A uye watsalwa kumfanekiso omtsha, njengoko ukhankanywe ngaphambili yi-European Southern Observatory. Ngaloo ndlela, ngesampulu yexesha elipheleleyo elingaphezu kweeyure ezingama-50, ngokuqinisekileyo lo ngowona mfanekiso unzulu owakhe wasekwa woluphawu kunye nento eqhumayo. Iphunyezwe yi-Wide Field Imager (WFI) isixhobo, ebekwe kwi iteleskopu ye-ESO, kwiLa Silla Observatory, eChile.
Ngale ndlela, lo mfanekiso ufunyenweyo usivumela ukuba siqikelele ubume balo mnyele oyi-elliptical, uveza uhlobo olude lweyona maqhekeza angaphandle abuthathaka. Ukukhanya okuzalisa uninzi lwendawo yomfanekiso kuvela kumakhulu eebhiliyoni zeendawo ezindala ezipholileyo. Ngokungafaniyo neminyele eyahlukahlukeneyo eyi-elliptical, izinto eziluncedo ezithambileyo zomnyele iCentaurus A ziphazanyiswa sisiqwenga esibanzi esingaqhelekanga semathiriyeli ekrwada emnyama ethi, yona, ibe mnyama indawo esembindini walo mnyele.
Eli qela limnyama linesixa esikhulu somphunga, uthuli, kunye neenkwenkwezi. Amaqela eenkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo ezinokuqikelelwa kwibhendi, kwiincam zayo eziphezulu zasekunene nasezantsi ngasekhohlo, zibonakalisa ukubengezela okubomvu kwamafu e-hydrogen ahambelana neenkwenkwezi, ngelixa amanye amafu othuli alele ngasemva. iinkwenkwezi.
Ezi ntlobo zodidi, kunye nentekelelo ebalaseleyo kunomathotholo, siqinisekiso esiqinisekileyo sokuba iCentaurus A sisiphumo sokuhlangana phakathi kweminyele emibini. Ibhanti yothuli inokuba sisiphumo a igalari I-spiral ngelixa igqabhuka yahlukana ngenxa yesiphumo somxhuzulane wothutho olusuka kumnyele omkhulu weelliptical.
Ukudityaniswa okutsha kokubonakaliswa kwemizobo ye-WFI kuqulethe iisampulu ezinkulu ezinezihluzo ezibomvu, eziluhlaza neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nezinye izihluzo ezitsalwa ngokukodwa ukwahlula ukukhanya okubonakaliswa yihydrogen kunye neoksijini. Lo mva usinceda ukuba sifumane iziganeko esele zixhaphakile zemithombo efundiweyo kudidi lwamehlo olungqonge umnyele iCentaurus A, owawungabonakali kumfanekiso wangaphambili ofunyenwe WiFi.
Ukukhula ukusuka kumnyele ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo lefoto, amaqela amabini ee-wisps ezibomvu anokubonwa, ngokuqikelelwa ebunjwe ngeejethi ezoyikekayo ezikrwelela umboniso womzobo ophunyeziweyo kudidi lwamaza erediyo. Phezulu, kwicala lasekhohlo le-particle band, kukho i-filaments yangaphakathi, efumaneka malunga ne-30.000 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka kwi-axis yoMhlaba. igalari.
Okokugqibela, umnyele ucentaurus A uye waphononongwa ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwemigama ephindaphindiweyo ukusuka kumaza kanomathotholo ukuya kwimitha ye-gamma. Ngokukodwa, uphando kumaza kanomathotholo kunye nee-X-reyi luthathe isigqibo sokudibanisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamandla akhutshwa ngumbindi womngxuma omnyama omkhulu kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo. Izifundo kwi igalari cI-entaurus A ene-ALMA ayenzanga nto kodwa yenze uphando oluphawulekayo kunye nenkxalabo.