Ngaba uyawazi uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi? Ukuba kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo nganye kuzo zonke iinkcukacha ezibaluleke kakhulu, kungoko ukuba kweli nqaku uya kuba nakho ukwazi yonke into malunga noku. Imisebenzi yeWorld Trade Organisation.
Zonke iinkcukacha
Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi
UMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, ekubhekiselwa kuwo njengombutho onoxanduva ngokuyintloko lokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela, ukwazi ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, usebenza ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Naphezu kwayo yonke into, kubaluleke ngokwenene ukuqwalasela iinkcukacha ezithile malunga nombandela, kulapho siye sathatha ixesha lokuqhuba uphando olwaneleyo apho lonke ulwazi olufunekayo lufunyenwe.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kweli nqaku sikumema ukuba wazi zonke iinkcukacha ezihambelanayo Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi ukuze ube nalo lonke ulwazi olukhoyo.
Zonke iiNkcukacha zeMisebenzi yeWorld Trade Organisation
Njengoko sele sichazile ngaphambili, iWorld Trade Organization ayiyonto ngaphandle kwebhodi engqongqo ejongene nokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ngale ndlela, iya kuba nako ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Kulapho ke ngezantsi sikumema ukuba wazi nganye nganye yeenkcukacha ezihambelana nemisebenzi eyenziwa nguMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi ukwenzela ukuba ngale ndlela ukwazi ukwazi yonke into enxulumene nesifundo.
Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi
- Okokuqala, iyakwazi ukulawula izivumelwano zorhwebo.
- Kwelinye icala, inokusebenza njengeforum yayo nayiphi na kunye nazo zonke iingxoxo zoshishino.
- Ngendlela efanayo, iyakwazi ukusombulula iyantlukwano yezorhwebo.
- Unokubeka iliso kwiipolisi zorhwebo zelizwe.
- Ngokunjalo, ibonelela ngoncedo olufanelekileyo kumazwe asaphuhlayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ngothotho lothethathethwano lwamazwe ngamazwe apho inani elikhulu lamazwe awaziwa phantsi kwegama lemijikelo athe athatha inxaxheba, uluhlu lwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kuvunyelwana ngazo kwaye zamkelwa. yokuphelisa yonke imiqobo ethintela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Yintoni ekufikelelwa kuyo ukuze kuxoxwe?
Kuyaziwa ukuba kule klasi yezivumelwano ukupheliswa kwemiqobo yokurhweba kuxoxiswane, ukuba kufakwe indawo ye-quotas kwiirhafu, iishedyuli zokunciphisa irhafu yerhafu kunye nenani elikhulu lezibophelelo kunye nemimiselo esebenza ukuququzelela uRhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Kwelinye icala, ilizwe ngalinye liya kufumana iziqinisekiso zokuba kwiimarike kwenye indawo unyango olufanelekileyo nolufana ngokupheleleyo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle luya kunikwa. Kwaye ukongeza koku, bathembisa ukwenza okufanayo nakwezinye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezijolise ngokukodwa kwintengiso yazo.
Imisebenzi yoMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi Yintoni iZivumelwano?
Emva kokuba iinkcukacha ezikhankanywe ngasentla ze Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba sazi ukuba zinjani izivumelwano ezithathwe ngamazwe angamalungu, ukuba kwimijikelo eyahlukeneyo yothethathethwano, elawula ukwenza isiseko esihambelanayo semimiselo ye-OMG.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imimiselo esebenzayo ngoku ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwesiphumo sothetha-thethwano oluhambelana ne-Uruguay Round, ebandakanya uhlaziyo olukhulu nolubalulekileyo lwento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Agreement General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT.
Ngelo xesha i-Uruguay Round yenza ukuba kube lula ukuseka imithetho emitsha yorhwebo kwiinkonzo, kubandakanywa nepropati yengqondo, ukuhlaliswa kweengxabano ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo. Ngokuphathelele kwiziko lemimiselo, libandakanya ezinye izivumelwano ezingamashumi amathandathu (60) kunye nezinye izibophelelo ezicingelwa ngaMazwe angamaLungu ezihlala zinento yokwenza nokuthotywa kweendidi zerhafu okanye kwinto eyaziwa njengokuvulwa kweemarike.
Ukongeza koku, kukhankanyiwe ukuba ilizwe ngalinye kwaye ngalinye lamazwe lifumana iziqinisekiso zokulingana kunye nokuphathwa okufanayo ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimarike ezihambelanayo zamanye amazwe. Kwelinye icala, kukhankanyiwe ukuba ibandakanya inkqubo yorhwebo non-calucalulo emisela ngalinye amalungelo kunye ngamnye izibophelelo ehambelana States Member.
Okokugqibela, inkqubo ikwabonelela ngokuguquguquka kwilizwe ngalinye kumazwe asaphuhlayo ukuthobela imithetho jikelele kunye nezibophelelo ezihambelanayo zeenkampani.
Iinkcukacha ezihambelana noRhwebo lweMpahla
Ukongeza kwi Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, Inokukhankanywa ukuba iingxoxo zokuqala kwi-1974 zijolise kurhwebo lwentengiso; Ngaphaya koko, phakathi ko-1947 no-1994, i-GATT yayisisikhokelo apho ukucuthwa kwemirhumo kunye neminye imiqobo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaxoxwa.
Ngokuphathelele iSivumelwano Jikelele, simisela imithetho eyahlukeneyo ebaluleke ngokwenene, enjengocalucalulo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngo-1995, i-GATT ehlaziyiweyo ikwazile ukuba sisivumelwano esisisiseko se-WTO sokurhweba ngempahla.
Kwelinye icala, kwizihlomelo ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka ukulawula amacandelo kunye nemiba ethile efana nezolimo, amalaphu, ukuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente, imigangatho yeemveliso kunye nenkxaso-mali.
UPhononongo loMgaqo-nkqubo woRhwebo
Ukongeza koku kukhankanywe ngasentla ehambelana ne Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi, Akunto imbi konke konke ukukhankanya iinkcukacha ezibaluleke ngakumbi ngokulinganayo ngalo mbandela. Yiyo loo nto sikwaqhubeka nokwenza uphando olunzulu ukuze ufunde malunga noPhononongo loMgaqo-nkqubo woRhwebo.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi nguwo othi ngamaxesha athile enze uhlalutyo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe ahlukeneyo athatha inxaxheba. Ngokumalunga nenjongo ephambili yezi zifundo, kukhankanyiwe ukuba akukho nto ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukungafihli, ukuququzelela ulwazi lwemigaqo-nkqubo eyamkelwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlalutya impembelelo.
Kwelinye icala, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwenzeka ukuba kubonwe ngokucacileyo ukukhula okuphawulekayo korhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, olu rhwebo lungaphezulu nangakumbi kunokwanda kwemveliso yamazwe, yaye ngenxa yoko, ngalo lonke ixesha inxalenye enkulu yemveliso yamazwe amaninzi. amazwe athengiswa kumazwe ngamazwe yonke into ihamba ngendlela.
Ukongeza koku kungasentla, sinokukhankanya ubukho bokuvulwa okukhulu konxibelelwano phakathi koqoqosho olwahlukileyo lwelizwe.
Okokugqibela, sinethemba lokuba zonke iinkcukacha ekwabelwana ngazo kweli nqaku zibe luncedo olukhulu ukwazi lonke ulwazi olubalulekileyo oluhambelana Imisebenzi yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi.
Ukuba ulwazi ekwabelwana ngalo kweli nqaku beluluncedo olukhulu kuwe, siyakumema ukuba ujonge le yenye Njani ukuthethana ngeTyala? Imithetho ephakamileyo!