IFreesia sisityalo esineentyantyambo ezimile okwexilongo kwiziqu. Bagqama ngenxa yevumba elimnandi kunye nombala omkhulu, ukongezelela, baxatyiswa kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwabo kwiintyatyambo. Ziyakhuliswa egadini okanye kwiimbiza, kwaye kufuneka zibonelelwe ngomhlaba omanzi, ococekileyo, okhethwayo ukuba abekwe elangeni. Funda ukuze ufumanise ukuba zinjani iiFreesias kunye nenkathalo yazo.
Zinjani iiFreesia?
Yintyatyambo yase-Afrika enevumba elimnandi nenomtsalane ngenxa yemibala yayo emthubi, ebomvu, epinki, e-orenji, blush kunye nemfusa, enokuvelisa iintyatyambo ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe kwisiqu ngasinye kwaye zifikelele kubukhulu obuziisentimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-60 xa zibekwe elangeni. mde, zikhula kakuhle xa zibekwe elangeni, kodwa ziyakwazi ukunyamezela indawo yokutyala efumana umthunzi omncinane. Zihlwayelwa ngeebhalbhu ezilungiselelwe ngaphandle ngo-Epreli ukuqhakaza kwasekupheleni kwehlobo okanye zinokukhuliswa kwi-greenhouse epholileyo yokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo.
Iziqu zeFreesia zincinci kwaye azikwazi ukuhlala zixhasa ubunzima beentyatyambo, ngakumbi kwiindidi ezivelisa iintyatyambo ezimbini. Inkqubo ye-stake ekhulayo enegridi yokubamba iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi iya kugcina izityalo zime nkqo. Ukongezelela, zibalulekile kwigadi esikiweyo, apho iintyatyambo zinokulahlwa khona xa intyatyambo yokuqala esiqwini ivuleka kwaye ezinye ziqala ukubonakalisa umbala.Xa zisikiwe, zinokuhlala malunga neentsuku ezili-12 kwivazi yamanzi.
Ukhula njani iFreesias?
Ukuqwalasela ukuba ii-bulbs ze-Freesia zingena kwisigaba sazo sokukhula ngexesha lekwindla, kufuneka zityalwe ngeli xesha lonyaka kwindawo enelanga egadini enomhlaba otyebileyo, ngokufanelekileyo i-loam yegadi yesanti eguqulwe nge-humus okanye i-compost. Njengoko iibhalbhu zincinci azifuni kutyalwa nzulu, zibeke kwindawo ecacileyo, ubunzulu obuyi-5cm kunye ne-5-10cm ukuqelelana, yenze amaqela angama-5 okanye isi-7 ubuncinane, ukuze abonakale ngcono ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, okumele kwenzeke kwiiveki ezili-12 ngokwesiqhelo. .
IiFreesia azizontyatyambo eziqinileyo kwaye zifuna amaqondo obushushu ebusuku amalunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-55 degrees ukuze zenze amathupha. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwi-greenhouse epholileyo, kufuneka uyihambise kwizikhongozelo kwigaraji engatshiselwanga okanye uchithe ubusuku bonke. Kwakhona, i-freesias ikhetha malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-50% yomswakama, onokuba nzima ukubonelela kwiindawo ezomileyo. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba xa amahlumela okuqala avela emhlabeni, afake isichumisi sentyatyambo esilungelelanisiweyo, oku kufuneka kuphindwe ngexesha lokukhula kwezigaba kwaye ugcine izityalo ilanga elipheleleyo.
Ukutyala ngaphakathi okanye kwi-greenhouse
Endlwini, iiglowubhu ziya kutyatyamba ngoJanuwari ukuya kuEpreli ukuba zilinywe phakathi kuka-Agasti noDisemba. Ngokunqwenelekayo, ukutyala kuka-Okthobha kufuneka kudubule ngoMatshi isithuba seeveki ezine ukuya kwezintlanu. Beka iibhalbhu ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-8 yeesentimitha ukuqelelana ngeengcebiso ziphume emhlabeni. Nkcenkceshela emva kokutyala kwaye uwabeke kwindawo epholileyo, engenaqabaka, efana nefreyimu ebandayo, kwiqondo lokushisa eli-5 malunga nenyanga. Emva koko udlulisele iimbiza kwindawo eluhlaza okanye kwindawo epholileyo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-15 degrees Celsius ebusika.
Nika ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nokuphefumla, kwaye ungavumeli ukuba zome. Xhasa inkxaso yesityalo esikhulayo ngamasetyana okanye ngomnatha wocingo njengoko izikhondo zikhula. Faka umxube otyebileyo kwi-potassium rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukusuka ekuqhambukeni kokuqala. Emva kweentyantyambo, zinqumle iintyatyambo eziphelileyo kwaye uqhubeke unkcenkceshela kwaye usondle de amahlamvu aqale ukubola. Imbuyekezo iya kunyuswa kwiinyanga ezi-2. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukuba iyaqhubeka ikhula kunyaka wesibini, amahlamvu kufuneka ome ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Zithini iinkathalo?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ongenamanzi ngundoqo ekukhuleni kwawo, ngoko ke kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze ube nomhlaba ofanelekileyo, ochunyiswe kakuhle wokondla izityalo kunye nokuphucula amanzi. Ngokuphathelele unikezelo lwamanzi olufunwa sisityalo, gcina umhlaba ufumile kodwa ungabi manzi njengoko amahlumelo amatsha ekhula, kucetyiswa ukuba ukunkcenkceshelwa kwenziwe kanye ngeveki xa sele kudubula iintyatyambo, emva koko kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukuvumela umhlaba womile xa isityalo sikhula. amagqabi ajika abe tyheli kwaye aqale ukubuna.
I-Freesias ayizona iintyatyambo ezibandayo kwaye zihlala zityalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo njengonyaka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwendawo yazo yokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo zidinga amaqondo obushushu ebusuku malunga ne-10 degrees ukwenza amaqabunga. Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwi-greenhouse epholileyo, zithuthele kwizikhongozelo kwigaraji engatshiselwanga okanye uchithe ubusuku bonke. Kwakhona, ii-freesias zikhetha malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-50% yomswakama, onokuba nzima ukubonelela kwiimeko zemozulu ezomileyo.
Ngokuqwalasela oku kungasentla, ukuba uyaqaphela ukuba nangona ukhathalelo oluthathayo, izityalo azikadumi, khumbula ukuba i-Freesias ifuna iimeko ezifana nezo zengingqi yazo, ngoko kufuneka zikhuselwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngamaxesha onke. , ngoko kuya kufuneka ukuba uwasuse emhlabeni kwaye uwatyale kwizikhongozeli ukuze uwakhusele kumaqondo obushushu asebusika. Esinye isizathu sokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kumonakalo onokwenzeka wobushushu, kuba kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu zinokubangela izikhondo ezibhityileyo kunye neentyatyambo ezikhawuleza zibune okanye zingadumi kuba zifuna ukophuka.
Ulawulo olubanzi lwezinambuzane nezifo lukwabalulekile ekulinyweni ngempumelelo kweefreesia, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo zichanabeka kwintwala, imibungu kunye namangolwane abomvu ohlaza, iimpuku kunye neevole. Ukongeza, banokubonisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Fusarium bulb rot, Freesia mosaic virus, kunye ne-gladiolus dry rot fungus, iSclerotinia, ebangela ukubola kweengcambu kunye nokungunda okumhlophe kwiziqu.
Ukusasazwa kweFreesia
Ukusasaza iintyatyambo zeFreesia kufuneka uqale ususe iiglowubhu ezileleyo emhlabeni ehlotyeni, oku kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke nge-corm offsets. Emva koko uzilima kwaye uzikhathalele njengoko ubuya kwenza iiglowubhu ezivuthwayo. Kodwa khumbula ukuba intyatyambo ayinakuqala kude kube lixesha okanye ezimbini kamva. Enye indlela yokusasaza kukukhula kwimbewu kwisithuba esimalunga neenyanga ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezisibhozo, kodwa zisenokungadubi kangangexesha elithile.
Le nkqubo yokuzala yamva ibandakanya uthotho lwamanyathelo aqala ngokuvumela imidumba yembewu ukuba ivuthwe kwisityalo emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo, okukholisa ukwenzeka ehlotyeni. Nje ukuba zibemdaka kwaye zenze imigca emi nkqo kufuneka ziqokelelwe zomiswe kwingxowa yephepha iintsuku ezimbalwa. Emva kokuba imbewu enkulu ikhethiwe, kufuneka igutyungelwe ngamanzi afudumele kwaye ivumeleke ukuba ihlale imini, ukuze ithambe isambatho sayo esiqinileyo ngaphambi kokuhlwayela.
Kufuneka ke ngoko kulindeleke ukuba zintshule ebumnyameni kubushushu obuphakathi kwe-13 ne-18 ngokukaCelsius. Elinye inyathelo lelokuba ifoyile yealuminiyam kufuneka ibekwe phezu kwesikhongozelo esikhethiweyo ukufumana izityalo ezininzi, kwaye nexesha elithathwayo lokuvela kwezithole kufuneka lilindwe. Ukunyamekelwa kwesi sigaba kubalulekile ukubathintela ukuba bangome kwaye bakwazi ukuya kwisigaba sezityalo, bahlale begcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokunkcenkceshela okuphakathi, umswakama kunye nokushisa.
Iintlobo zeFreesias
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-genus, phakathi kwazo i-Belleville, ezibonakaliswe ngokuba neentyatyambo ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabini. Ezinye iiFreesia ezithakazelayo yiGolden Passion, kuba zineentyatyambo ezifikelela kwi-10 ngesiqu ngasinye. Kukwakho nezo zaziwa ngegama le-Oberon, eziphawuleka ngokuba nentyatyambo ebomvu eqaqambileyo kunye netyheli. Ukongeza, ezo zohlobo lweRoyal Blue zikhankanyiwe, eziziintlobo ngeentyantyambo ezimhlophe kunye neethoni ezimfusa ezithambileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zesi sityalo se-herbaceous esiphuma kwi-corm, onokuthi uhlakulele kwaye unakekele njengoko kuchazwe kweli nqaku, zikhankanywe ngezantsi:
I-Speedy White-Intle kwaye ithambile, le ntyatyambo inamagqabi amhlophe arhabaxa ajikeleze iindawo ezincinci ezimthubi. Kuqhelekile ukuba bathathe indawo ekhethekileyo malunga nokuhlobisa. Umtsalane opinki: Ibonisa umbala opinki ogobileyo ukuya kwipetali ezipinki emnyama, idala intyatyambo etyebileyo enemaleko amaninzi. Ukudibanisa ngobunono i-pink kunye nama-hues amhlophe athambileyo kunye namagqabi acwebezelayo ezemidlalo, olu hlobo lweFreesia lufanelekile kwiindibano kunye nemitshato. Corvette Freesias: Zikhupha ivumba elimnandi, ngamacembe azo amakhulu amhlophe acwangciswe ngokwemigangatho.
Ubuhle obuBomvu: Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo zolu hlobo lweFreesia livumba layo elinamandla kunye nephunga elimnandi. Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezibomvu eziqaqambileyo ezinembonakalo emthubi emazantsi epetali nganye. I-Freesia Vienna-Inamagqabi amhlophe abukhrim abuthela kwi-beige ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu ukuya embindini okuthetha ukuba ungatyala ecaleni kwezinye iintyatyambo ezinemibala kwaye ziya kuhambelana kakuhle. Benza izityalo ezintle zemida kwaye zikwanokugcinwa okuphantsi.
Ukuqhubela phambili ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi ze-freesias, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Dawn: enamaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi, amaziko aphuzi aphuzi kunye nomthunzi omhlophe omhlophe kufuphi neziko. Kukwakho noSandra: luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lweFreesia, enamagqabi apinki anzulu kunye namaziko amthubi namhlophe. Umtsalane opinki: iipetali zazo zipinki ezimhlophe kunye neraspberry rim, kunye neepetali zijikeleze enye kwenye ukuze iziko lifihlwe.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iPanda Freesia iyamangalisa kuba iipetali zayo zipinki eraspberry emhlophe kufutshane neziko elityheli eliqaqambileyo, zikhula ziye kuma-45 centimeters ukuphakama. Ekugqibeleni, uhlobo lwe-Freesia olubizwa ngokuba yi-Bordeaux luvezwa: iipali zazo zibomvu kakhulu kwaye zinamaziko aphuzi aphuzi, kunye nokuchukumisa okumhlophe okukhanyayo kufuphi neziko. Umbala wenza esi sityalo sithandeke kakhulu kwaye sikhangeleka simnandi xa sityalwe kufutshane nezityalo ezinemibala emhlophe okanye ekhaphukhaphu, kuquka nezinye iifreesias.
Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku malunga Njani iFreesias kunye noNyango lwabo, siyakumema ukuba ufunde amanye amanqaku aqulethe izihloko ezinomdla kwezi zikhonkco zilandelayo: