Ebomini, kubalulekile ukuba namaxesha eengcamango, ukucamngca, okuvumela ukubonwa kwenkalo nganye ngendlela echanekileyo kwaye uyisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa yoko, ezahlukeneyo. iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula ezikhuthaza ukubona izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo zize zizenze, kweli nqaku kulungiselelwe ezona zibalaseleyo.
Amabinzana akhokelela kukucamngca.
Amabinzana abantu abacinga kakhulu
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iintanda-bulumko ezahlukeneyo zoqwalaselo olukhulu ziye zaboniswa ngenxa yamabinzana awazisekayo ngokuphefumlelwa kwawo okukhulu, nangona uninzi lwazo lwamandulo, luyaqhubeka nokuba nefuthe kumaxesha angoku, ngendlela elolo hlobo. ukuba umyalezo wakho usathunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo; Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba kukho iindidi eziphezulu iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula.
La mabinzana aboniswa njengeengcinga ezinzulu ezifikelela ngaphakathi komntu, zivumela ukuseka umzuzu wohlalutyo lobomi, qwalasela imilinganiselo ebanjwe, ukwazi ukukhumbula iinkcukacha ezivela endleleni kunye nokunye. ukufumana ulonwabo..
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo
Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kukho inani elikhulu iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula ezivumela ixesha lokucingisisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ezi zibaluleke kakhulu, ezona zibalaseleyo zibalaseliswe ngezantsi.
Kunzima ukuzazi kwaye kudla ngokuba lula ukugqabaza kwabanye.
Le yenye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula, eyadalwa nguThales waseMileto, apho uyabakhuthaza ukuba bacinge ngokwabo kwaye bazazi ngokwenene ngaphandle kokubona iziphene zabanye abantu, ekubeni oku ngokuqhelekileyo kulula kakhulu; Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqhubele phambili kwaye ufumane ulonwabo lokwenene.
Andikwazi ukunika abanye ulwazi, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukubenza bacinge.
Kwicala likaSocrates eli binzana likhulu linikiwe, elathi lanikezelwa kubafundi bakhe ukuze bacamngce ngokwenene, ukuze bafundiswe indlela abanokuphuhlisa ngayo ngokobuqu, bandise amandla abo kwaye bangabekeli imida.
Asifanele sigwebe nabani na kubantu esibathandayo.
Xa unothando olukhulu kumntu, ngakumbi xa uthandana, kunzima kakhulu ukujonga iziphene okanye iimpazamo zabo, yingakho uJean-Paul Sartre uye wadala eli binzana, egxininisa ukuba uthando lukhulu kakhulu; nangona kunjalo, ayisoloko isempilweni, ekubeni inokuba sisiphene ekufuneka sisonjululwe ngokwenene ebomini, ekuhambeni kwexesha kunokwenzeka ukubhaqa olu hlobo lwemeko.
Ulwazi ngamandla.
UFrancis Bacon useka eli binzana libonisa ukuba njengoko izinto ezintsha zifundwa ziyakwazi ukukhula njengabantu, ukuphuhlisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili nangona izinto ezivelayo, kungcono ukulungelelanisa imeko evezwayo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi.
Owona mlo umbi ngulo ungenziwanga.
UKarl Marx ubonisa eli binzana leengcingane ezinkulu njengenye yempembelelo enkulu kwiminyaka edlulileyo, evumela abantu ukuba bakhuthazwe ukuba balwele into nganye abayifunayo, baqhubele phambili amaphupha abo kwaye bangaphumli bade bafezekise iinjongo zabo kwinto nganye. iindawo.
Ubuhlwempu abubangelwa sisityebi esilinganiselweyo kodwa ngenxa yokwanda kweminqweno.
Ibinzana lempembelelo enkulu elisekwe nguPlato, ebonisa ukuba abo bantu banqwenela kuphela ukuba, banakho, bajonge kuphela kubuninzi; awunakuze ufezekise ulonwabo, kuba ifunyenwe ngaphakathi ngokubonga kwiinkcukacha ezincinci.
Musa ukubakhathaza abanye phezu kwayo nje intlungu okuyo.
Ubulumko yinkcukacha ebaluleke kakhulu ebomini, xa ucinga ukuba ayizizo zonke iinkalo ezilungileyo, ngendlela efanayo kufuneka wenze ngendlela efanelekileyo, nangona intlungu okanye ukubandezeleka, ubonise intlonipho kwabanye kunye nethemba lekamva elingcono. nakwabanye. Ngesi sizathu, uBuddha waseka eli binzana, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokwazi indlela yokumelana neentlungu, thatha uqeqesho lomsebenzi kwaye uqhubeke nabantu abakungqongileyo.
Kungcono ukuzinyanzela kwaye ungalindeli kwabanye.
Eli binzana laziswa nguConfucius, omnye we iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula yempembelelo enkulu ngamaxesha onke, ebonisa ukuba iphoso labantu lilinda abanye, elinokubangela ukukhohlisa kunye nentlungu; Eyona nto ilungileyo ayikuko ukulinda isenzo sabanye abantu, kodwa kukunika konke okusemandleni akho, kwaye uzifunele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, uzifumanele into eyonwabisayo ebomini bakho.
Isizathu siyazibetha ngoyaba ezinye izizathu ezenza intliziyo ingazihoyi.
Enye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula ethandwa kakhulu, nguBlaise Pascal, ogxininisa ukungathobeki ukubaluleka kweemvakalelo, ekubeni ziphembelela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi babantu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ulawula kwaye ungavumeli ukuba bakushiye. thatha kwiimeko ezingalunganga ezingafanelekanga ubomi bakho.
Ucinga kancinci ngezinto onazo kodwa ucinga ngakumbi ngezinto ezingekhoyo.
Enye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula ebaluleke kakhulu ngamaxesha onke, esetyenziselwa rhoqo ukubonakaliswa kwabantu, nguSchopenhauer, ubonisa ukusilela kwabantu ekungabini nombulelo ngezinto abanazo, bangaxabisi kwaye bajonge kuphela into abangenayo, oku akusiyo inqaku. oko kuzisa ulonwabo.
Ubomi bubonisa iziphumo zeengcinga.
I-Kierkegaard isungula kweli binzana ukuba ngezihlandlo ezininzi abantu bafuna ukuzenza into abangeyiyo, nangona kunjalo, iingcamango eziphambili azikwazi ukufihlakala, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukufihla oko umntu akucingayo.
Abantu babona oko kubonakalayo kodwa kungekhona oko kuye kwenzeka.
UMachiavelli wenza ukuba kuqondwe ngeli binzana, ukuba abantu bahlala behleli kunye nomfanekiso onikezelwe kubo ngokubonakala kwabo, nangona kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abakwaziyo ukujonga ngaphakathi, qaphela ukuba akusiyo umfanekiso wangempela, yintoni enokuyenza. kubangela usizi olukhulu kunye nokungonwabi ebomini.
Umnqweno ngundoqo wokwenene womntu.
Umnqweno yisenzo esenzeka kubantu ababaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni oku kuvumela inkqubela phambili rhoqo kwicala labo, nangona kunjalo, ezinye zazo azichanekanga kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuyichonga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukubonakalisa ububi , isizathu sokuba ingenziwa.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusabela kwimeko.
I-Epithet ibonelela ngoku, njengenye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula yempembelelo enkulu, kunikwe ukuba abantu banamava ahlukeneyo ebomini, nokuba balungile okanye ababi, nangona kunjalo, okwenzekayo ayisiyiyo eyona nto ibalulekileyo kodwa ukusabela kwayo, kuba oku kukwachaphazela abo babangqongileyo.
Umonde uyakrakra, kodwa isiqhamo siswiti.
Kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula, ngokukwanjalo uJean-Jacques Rousseau ubonisa ukuba enye yeempawu ezintle zobuntu ngumonde; nangona kunjalo, isenokungabi yeyona nto ilungileyo kwizihlandlo ezithile, kodwa le ibonelela ngezona ziphumo zintle.
Umona uhlala ixesha elide kunolonwabo.
Njengebinzana lemfundiso enkulu ebantwini, uHeraclitus uvakalisa ngayo ukuba olona khetho lubi kakhulu ngumona, ingqumbo, ukucaphuka, ezi zinto ziyingozi ngokwenene kuye kwaye aziyi kubavumela ukuba bonwabe, ngelixa abo banomona bengayi kuba nangxaki. nayo.
Kuthatha ubomi bonke ukufunda ukuphila.
Ubomi sisifundo esingaguqukiyo esisenokungaze sanele, nangona kunjalo, lixesha labantu apho banokufunda khona, benze iimpazamo, bacinge nokunye okuninzi, banethuba lokukhetha, babe namava amakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka kusetyenziswe ithuba ngobuninzi.
Fumana inyaniso eyinyani ngobomi bam.
Amanye amabinzana adalwe nguKierkegaard, kuwo ubonisa abantu abafuna inyaniso yobomi babo, befumana into abafuna ukuyilwela, eyona nto bayifunayo, ngendlela yokuba banokuba nenjongo kunye nokuseka iinjongo zabo. .
Ixesha elidlulileyo alinawo amandla ngoku.
Enye yeenkcukacha ezenzeka kakhulu ebomini babantu kukukhumbula okwenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngakumbi ezo ziganeko ezimbi okanye amava, kubalulekile ukuba oku kungenzeki ebomini, le ndlela yokucinga okanye yokwenza kufuneka iguqulwe, ngoko kuxhomekeke ngokwakhe, yiyo loo nto u-Eckhart Tolle enikezela eli binzana libonisa ukuba umntu unamandla kwaye kufuneka asebenzise kuphela ngoku kwakhe.
Kholelwa ukuba ubomi bakho bufanelekile kwaye ukwazi ukwenza iinyani.
UWilliam James, umisela oku njengenye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula, ebonisa ukubaluleka kweengcamango zomntu, ekubeni ezi zibonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwizenzo zabo, ekubeni ukuba iingcamango zabo zibekwe ngokwabo, ngoko abayi kukwazi ukufumana oko bakufunayo, ngoko ke kufuneka benze ngendlela efanelekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo. .
Umnqweno omkhulu uvumela iziphumo ezintle.
Kufakwe isicelo ngakumbi koosomashishini, njengenxalenye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula, okufanayo kusetyenziswe ukuzaliseka kweenjongo umntu amiselayo, ebakhuthaza ukuba bahlale becinga kakhulu, bangazikhawuli, bamisele iinjongo kwaye benze ngendlela enokuthi bazaliseke ngayo, bahlale bezama kwaye bangavumeli iimpazamo zibe ngumqobo. kuyo.
Ukukhangela umntu kukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wento anokuba nayo wonke umntu.
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezibonisa abantu malunga nokukhangela ukuqatshelwa kwabanye abantu kunye nokuzikhawulela ngokwabo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba umntu ngamnye unamandla okwenza izinto okanye abe nemiba yempembelelo enkulu; Akuboniswanga ukuba akufuneki avume inkalo elungileyo kwenye, kodwa angamenzi ukuba aqaphele ukuba nguye kuphela onegunya elithethiweyo.
Ubuhlungu bukuvumela ukuba wazi yonke into.
UDante Alighieri wenza enye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula ethandwa kakhulu ngamaxesha onke, kunikwe ukuba kuyo ukuvulwa kweengcinga zokucamngca kunikezelwa, kubonisa ukuba abantu abaye bahamba ngeentlungu banamava amaninzi, okuye kwavumela ukuba ukufunda kwabo kube kubanzi, ngendlela yokuba Bazi iinkalo ezininzi ubomi.
Imfundo isenokungabi lula kodwa iziqhamo zayo ziswiti.
U-Aristotle ungumfilosofi ophakamisa eli binzana, ekhumbula ukuba imfundo yinkqubo enokuthi ibe nzima okanye ingabikho ekuthandeni kwabaninzi, kodwa ngokwenene ijongene nexesha lokwandisa amandla omntu ukuvula amathuba ebomini bakhe. , ukuze ukwazi ukubona iziqhamo kamva.
Ubomi bulula kodwa sibenza nzima.
UConfucius, omnye weengcinga ezivakalisa ngeli binzana ukubaluleka kokunika ixabiso ebomini kuthathela ingqalelo ukulula, okoko nje iinkalo ezininzi ezigwenxa zijongwa njengeenyani ezibaluleke ngakumbi, ngoko ke akuzukwenzeka ukuzisebenzisa, oko. yenza ukuntsonkotha okukhulu kunokuba kufuneka kuphetshwe.
Umqobo yindlela.
Kubalulekile ukuba singaphuhlisi ubunzima ebomini, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwakhona sikhumbule ukuba izinto azifezekiswa ngenkqubo elula, injongo nganye okanye iprojekthi ecetywayo ifuna inkqubo, iindlela ezimfutshane azinakuthatyathwa, kufuneka zifezekiswe kuyo. ngokupheleleyo ukugubungela umba ngamnye onxulumeneyo kwaye uyifezekise.
Kukho amaxesha apho ibinzana lifunekayo elinokuthi likhuthaze ukuqhubeka, kuba oku sincoma ukuba ufunde malunga ibinzana elikhuthazayo.
Ukuzigqala befezekile akuyomfuneko kangako.
UHermann Hesse isithandi sobulumko saseJamani, ubonisa enye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula kubaluleke kakhulu, apho ivumela ukuzalisekisa ukucinga kwabantu abacinga ukuba abaswele nto, ukuba bafezekile, kuthetha ukuba banqunyelwe kuphela into abanokuyenza okanye baphumelele ngokukhawuleza; umntu kufuneka abone ngakumbi, acebise izinto ezintsha, aseke iinjongo, anikwe ukuba akuyiyo yonke into eyenziwe, akukho mntu ufezekileyo kwaye kukho iimpazamo.
Abo babona imali njengento yonke baya kwenza yonke into ngemali.
Esinye seziphene ezinokuvezwa ngendlela ebalaseleyo kukufuna imali, ukubawa kunokongamela abantu kuze kubangele umonakalo kubo, ekubeni benokwenza nantoni na ukuze bafumane inzuzo yezoqoqosho; ngokuqinisekileyo imalunga nento ebalulekileyo, kodwa asiyiyo yonke into ebomini.
Ulonwabo luphuma kwintelekelelo kungekhona kwingqiqo.
U-Immanuel Kant ugxininisa ukubaluleka kolonwabo kubomi bomntu, nto leyo emiselwa nguye, ingcinga yakhe yiyo emisela iiparamitha malunga noko kumkholisayo, kumenza onwabe, kuba uzifumana exhomekeke kuye.
Umlingiswa wokwenyani ubonakala kwiimeko ezinkulu.
Inikezelwa ngumkhosi uNapoleon Bonaparte, igxininisa ukuba kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu okanye ezinempembelelo enkulu ukuba iinkokeli zivele, kolu hlobo lwemeko isimilo sokwenene somntu sijongwa, nangona ingumntu ozolileyo kakhulu.
Umntu ongenzi nto akanakukhululeka.
UJean Piaget ubonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kubaluleke kakhulu kubomi babantu, kuphuhliswa ngumnqweno wokufunda, ngoko iingcinga kufuneka zibe kukwandisa ulwazi, ukwandisa iimpawu ezintle kunye nokunye, ngelixa umntu ongenzi nto ukuze enze oku kube nokwenzeka. ukunandipha ezi ngenelo.
Esona sipho sibalaseleyo ngumzekelo.
UBertolt Brecht ubonisa umboniso malunga nezenzo zomntu kunye nempembelelo kwabanye, njengomzekelo omhle yindlela efanelekileyo yokusondela kumntu, ukubonelela ngeempawu zabo ngokuchanekileyo, le yenye yeendlela zokusekwa konxibelelwano, ngaphaya. izinto eziphathekayo zigqalwa njengesipho.
Ixesha linika yonke into kwaye yonke into ithatha.
UGiordano Bruno, unikezela enye ye iingcinga ezinkulu zicaphula nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ubomi buhambela phambili njengoko ixesha lihamba, ngale nkqubo izinto ezininzi zinokufunyanwa, kokubini izinto eziphathekayo nezingezizo; nangona kunjalo, yonke into inesiphelo sayo esifanayo, ngoko ke ekugqibeleni ungayisusa.
Zithembe ngokusekelwe kwinyani.
UBobby Fischer ubonisa ukubaluleka kokuzithemba, njengokuba umntu okholelwa kuye unokumisela iiparitha ngokuchanekileyo kwaye afezekise into enzima okanye ebonakala ingenakwenzeka, ngokude nje ezama kwaye ephakathi kweminqweno yakhe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ayenze ibe yinyaniso. .
Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuvela ebomini, kwaye amabinzana ahlala engumthombo wamandla okuqhubeka, kuba oku sincoma ukufunda malunga amabinzana obomi bemihla ngemihla.