Ehlabathini kukho inani elikhulu leentyatyambo zabo bonke ubukhulu kunye nemibala, nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke ezilungele ukumelana naluphi na uhlobo lwemozulu. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda ngeentyatyambo zasehlotyeni ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda iimpawu zabo ezimangalisayo. Qhubeka ufunda.
iintyatyambo zasehlotyeni
Xa becinga ngeentyatyambo, abaninzi bazinxulumanisa nexesha lonyaka elaziwa ngokuba yintwasahlobo yaye akukho mathandabuzo ngalo, ekubeni kulapho uninzi lwezityalo ezidubulayo zikhula khona. Noko ke, akunakuphikwa ukuba kukho amanye amaxesha onyaka apho nawo adubula. Iintyatyambo zasehlotyeni zingenye yazo, zikhula ngezi nyanga kwaye uphawu oluphambili kukuba zixhathisa kakhulu ukushisa. Eminye imizekelo enokuthi ikhankanywe yile: ujongilanga, i-begonias, i-lavender, umlomo wedragons, phakathi kwabanye. Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili:
Ujongilanga
Inzalelwane yaseMntla nakuMbindi Merika. Kuyaziwa ukuba yatyalwa malunga ne-1000 BC, kodwa sele sele kwinkcubeko yama-Aztec kukho imifanekiso yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo apho yayilinywa khona malunga ne-2600 BC, njengoko ubungqina boku bufunyenwe kwimivubukulo yaseSan Andrés. Kwezo zithethe zaseMelika zaseMelika, ezifana nama-Aztec, ama-Otomi kunye nama-Inca asePeru, ayisebenzisa njengomqondiso wokumela ilanga. Oku kwabonakaliswa xa uFrancisco Pizarro, umnqobi waseSpeyin, waya kumkhangela eTahuantinsuyo, xa wayehlonelwa ngabemi bomthonyama.
Yaba ngaba baphambukeli bathengisa intyatyambo eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaye emva koko yaqala ukulinywa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kungekhona nje njengento yokuhombisa kodwa nokutya. Kwakhona, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa ioli kajongilanga yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa eRashiya, ngamalungu eCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, njengoko yayiyenye yeeoli ezimbalwa ezazinokusetyenziswa, njengoko yayivunyelwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwiLent. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, yaqala ukuthengiswa nguDaniil Bokarev, owayila indlela yokuyikhupha ngobuninzi.
Ukwazi ukuba sijongene nale ntyatyambo yasehlotyeni, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zingagqanyiswa. Sisityalo esizalwa minyaka le. Ubude bayo bunokuba phakathi kwemitha enye ukuya kwezintathu. Iqulethe uhlobo lweenwele ezirhabaxa, kwaye iziqu zayo kunye namagqabi zicwangciswe ngendlela ethe tye nende. Kwelinye icala, esi sityalo sinenxalenye esembindini eneentyantyambo ezininzi ezihleliyo, ezibekwe ngokungathi zikwidiski okanye kwikomityi zize zona zikhuselwe ziibracts okanye amaphecana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba iintyatyambo zayo zangaphandle ziphuzi, ngelixa ezincinci ngaphakathi zikhanya ukuya kumnyama omnyama. Ngaphambi kokuba ibala lamkele, i-anthers iyavuthwa. Ukusasazeka okuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokuzalanisa nabanye. Iziqhamo ngokubanzi zinemibala ekhrimu, kwaye ezinye zinemigca emincinci enombala omnyama kunye nothe nkqo, equlathe izikali ezibini, kwaye ubukhulu bunokwahluka ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-5 millimeters.
IGazania
Ludidi lweentyatyambo ezomeleleyo zasehlotyeni ezingadingi kugcinwa kakhulu kwaye zidubula phantse unyaka wonke, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu, nangona zihlala zidubula ukusuka entlakohlaza ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Bonke bavala ubusuku ngabunye ukuze baphinde bavule iintyatyambo zabo, njenge daisy, emini. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeGazanias ngokuxhomekeke kumbala weentyatyambo zazo kwaye amagqabi azo agqame kakhulu aluhlaza ukuya kwisilivere. Sisityalo esingakhuli kakhulu kwaye siyadubula xa sibekwe elangeni elipheleleyo. Imozulu kufuneka ithobeke, imelane neqabaka ya manqaphanqapha ukuya kuthi ga kwi -5ºC.
Kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe rhoqo ehlotyeni, kodwa ngaphandle kokugqithiswa, apho isichumisi sinokongezwa ngexesha leentyantyambo rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15. Ukuba sifuna ukuba ziqhakaze rhoqo, kufuneka sisuse iintyatyambo ezibunile kwaye sithathele ingqalelo ukuba zinobomi obuqhelekileyo beminyaka emihlanu. Kukho iindidi ezinezikhondo ezifana nemithi yeediliya ukuze zisetyenziswe ukwenza amahlahla okanye i massifs. Ikwafanelekile ukuba isetyenziswe elwandle, kuba ayichatshazelwa yityuwa, nangona idinga umhlaba ongenamanzi kakhulu kunye nofumileyo.
canna indica
Sisityalo esinezikhondo ezime nkqo esisoloko sisetyenziswa egadini ukwenza amaqela amahle azimeleyo. Amagqabi aluhlaza okhanyayo, ukumila kwe-lanceolate. Iintyatyambo zi-tubular kwaye zenza i-terminal klass ekupheleni kwesiqu esingqindilili. Banemibala eqaqambileyo: obomvu, ophuzi kunye namabala abomvu, i-strawberry okanye ithanga. Kufuneka iphinde ibekwe kwindawo enelanga nekhusi njengoko inochuku kwingqele nomoya, nokuba iqaqambile. Ukunkcenkceshela kuya kuba kuninzi ehlotyeni kwaye phantse akukho busika.
Ayifuni kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yomhlaba, ngoko ingatyalwa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba; nangona esoloko ewuxabisa umgquba olungileyo kunye nomgquba. Ixesha lokutyala okanye ukuhambisa i-rhizomes kusekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kufuneka zityalwe malunga ne-30-50 cm. kude omnye komnye. Kucetyiswa ukuba umbe i-rhizomes emva kokutyatyamba. Emva kokuba isityalo sibunile, sicoce kwaye usigcine kwindawo eyomileyo, emnyama kude kube lixesha lokutshala kwakhona. Esona sifo sixhaphakileyo u-Achira anokubandezeleka kuso kukubola kwamathupha, okubangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Umlomo wenamba
Yiklasi yeentyatyambo zasehlotyeni ezisuka kwi-Mediterranean basin, inokukhula phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-60 cm ubude, kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi apho inokufikelela kwimitha ubude. Le yisayizi eqhelekileyo yesi sityalo. Zonke zinamaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela ye-cascade, oku kunokuba ngumtsalane wabo omkhulu, kuba kwindalo kukho izityalo ezimbalwa ezikhula ngokwemvelo ngolu hlobo, ezinye kufuneka zityalwe kwii-hangers, ngoko zinokuphuhliswa ngolu hlobo. ekhethekileyo.
IiPetunias
Zizintyatyambo zasehlotyeni zohlobo olusisigxina, ezihlelwe njengeeminyaka. Zincinci ngobukhulu, zincinci zilinganisa i-15 centimeters kunye ne-60 centimeter enkulu, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi okanye iintlobo. Amagqabi esi sityalo ahlelwe ngokuhlukileyo okanye ngokuchaseneyo, oko kukuthi, enye ngaphezu komnye. Ubume bayo bobude kwezinye iimeko kwaye bungqukuva kwezinye, bubonisa imiphetho epheleleyo kwaye bugqunywe lunwele olunokwakheka okuncangathi. Ngokubhekiselele kwiziqu zazo, ezi zityalo zinomlinganiso onamagatsha kakhulu kwaye imilinganiselo yawo ayidluli i-45 centimeters ubude.
Iintyatyambo ziphuma kwincam yamasebe. Inomfanekiso wexilongo okanye intsimbi, inkqubo yeentyantyambo inzima kakhulu, iqala entwasahlobo kwaye ihlala kude kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ukongeza, zinemibala eyahlukeneyo, kukho nohlobo lwemibala emibini. Kukho imibala efana nemhlophe, i-lavender okanye i-lavender, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, etyheli, ebomvu namnyama. Umbala o-orenji kuphela ongenawo. Enye inyani malunga neempawu kukuba, nangona zingabhaliswanga njengezityalo ezinevumba elimnandi, zikhupha ivumba elimnandi.
IiGeraniums
Ziintyatyambo zasehlotyeni ezinokuthi zihlelwe njengeminyaka, iminyaka emibini, kunye ne-perennials, ezenza zilungele ukuboniswa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo. Ukongeza ekubeni nevumba elichubekileyo. Esi sityalo sithe tye kwaye sinamatyholo, esinokufikelela kwiimitha ezinesiqingatha ukuphakama, sizalwa kwiziqu ezithe tye ukusuka emhlabeni, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwisiqu esingaphantsi komhlaba esinamaqabunga amaninzi akhula ngokuthe tye, apho iingcambu kunye namahlumela e-herbaceous azalwa kuwo. iindawo zokuhlala. Iziqu zinezityalo xa zizalwa kwaye kwinqanaba lokukhula ziba neenkuni xa isebe livuthwa.
Amagqabi ajikeleza, oko kukuthi, aphantse arawndi, anamacandelwana amathathu okanye amahlanu anamagqabi anoboya. Iintyatyambo zayo zithwelwe ngokwezibini zodidi lwedlala elinoboya, iincakuba okanye amalungu amagqabi akufutshane neentyatyambo amile-lanceolate kunye ne-sessile. Ezi ntyatyambo zenza i-inflorescence ebizwa ngokuba yi-pleocasium, oku kuthetha ukuba phantsi kwe-axis engundoqo, ephela kwintyatyambo, amasebe amathathu okanye ngaphezulu eentyatyambo ezisecaleni akhiwa. Iintyatyambo ziyi-ambrela kwaye zinokufumaneka kwii-shades ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya kumnyama.
Iverbenas
Inokuqinisekiswa ukuba olu didi lwezityalo luyintlobo engapheliyo okanye i-biennial herbaceous kunye nobomi obude beshelufu. Ngumqamelo okanye isityalo esirhubuluzayo esinobude obufikelela kwi-25 centimeters. Amagqabi ajongene namanye kwaye ayahluka ngokobude akuwo. Abaphezulu bane-peduncle ene-jagged edge enamagqabi amaninzi e-lanceolate, asezantsi ahlanjululwe kwaye amancinci ahlanjululwe, oko kukuthi, awaphuhlisi isiqu.
Ngokuphathelele intyatyambo, imile njengetyhubhu encinci kakhulu, ene-dichotomous inflorescences apho i-axis ephambili iphela ngentyatyambo. Zinokuvela ngemibala eyahlukileyo efana nemfusa, epinki, emhlophe, ebomvu, e-orenji iyenza ibe sisityalo esitsala amehlo ngenkathalo encinci. Esi sityalo sifuna ukugqatswa lilanga kakuhle. Kudinga ukunkcenkceshela okuncinci, kuba banokubekwa kude kunye namanzi amancinci, ahlala egwema ukukhuselwa kwamanzi, okwenza inkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhupha amanzi iyimfuneko. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-substrate, kufuneka ichunyiswe nge-organic compost kunye nesanti.
Calendula
I-Calendula luhlobo lwe-daisy etyheli kunye neethoni eziorenji ezibukhali ezinokuthi zichazwe njengesityalo esifutshane, esishinyene kakhulu esineentyantyambo ezininzi zonyaka. Ziyakwazi ukuba ngaphandle, kwii-patios okanye kwiibhalkhoni. I-Calendula yenye yezo ntyatyambo ezinokusetyenziswa kuyo nantoni na, ukuba uyayazi indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ioli efunyenwe kulolu hlobo lweentyantyambo zasebusika ifuna kakhulu kwiimpawu zayo zokuphilisa.
IHibiscus okanye iHibiscus
Olu ludidi lweentyantyambo zasehlotyeni, eziphuhliswe kuhlobo lwesihlahla esizalwa e-Asia esiqala ukuqhakaza phakathi kwentwasahlobo kwaye iphele ixesha layo ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Bafikelela kubude obuyi-1 ukuya kwi-2 m. Iintyatyambo zayo zinkulu, i-10 ukuya kwi-15 cm ububanzi, kunye ne-5 ebomvu, epinki, emhlophe okanye i-bicolor petals. Inokukhuliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ziimbiza ezineheji.
IiNemesia
Zizityalo ezincinci zonyaka eziphantse zibe ngama-45 cm ubude, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza kunye namaqabunga achaseneyo, anokuthi aphelele okanye ajikelezwe. Iintyatyambo ezikhangayo zivela kumaqela kwaye zincinci kwaye zininzi (imibala emininzi eyahlukeneyo eyenzekayo). Ziyadubula ehlotyeni nasentlakohlaza. Zingasetyenziselwa kwiibhalkoni kunye neeterras okanye amatye, iibhedi, i-curbs okanye imida edibeneyo kwigadi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka luvezwe kwilanga eligcweleyo (ugweme ilanga elinamandla lemini kwimozulu yeMeditera) kwaye ayikwazi ukunyamezela utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa, ukubanda okanye ukufuma okugqithisileyo.
Lobelia
Sisityalo esibonakala ngokubunjwa kweentyantyambo ezikhethekileyo, ezinemvelaphi emazantsi elizwekazi laseAfrika. Yintlobo yezityalo ezibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-400 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ikhula ukuze yenze amahlahla, nangona ingatyalwa kwiimbiza. Incinci ngobukhulu, njengoko inokufikelela malunga ne-30 cm ubude. Inebhola emile, ngoko ke idla ngokukhuliswa kwizikhongozeli ezinkulu. Kwakhona, iba minyaka le okanye, ngamanye amazwi, iyakhula, iintyatyambo ize ife kwangaloo nyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwimozulu eshushu inokuziphatha njengeentlobo ezingapheliyo.
Amagqabi ezi ntyatyambo zasehlotyeni atshintshana, a-oval kunye ne-spatula. Kodwa, ukuba kukho into eyenza ingqalelo yesi sityalo, intyatyambo yayo. Kwimeko ethile yeentyatyambo zayo, ezi ziza kukhula entwasahlobo kwaye iintyatyambo zayo zinokuhlala kude kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Amagqabi ayo ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka egcwalisa yonke ikona ngobomi kunye nokuzola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba kukho iindidi ezininzi zee-shades ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe le klasi yeentyantyambo zaseAfrika, oko kukuthi, ezimhlophe, ezipinki okanye ezi-violet.
lavender
Ngenye yeentyatyambo zasehlotyeni ezidumileyo kwihlabathi, kungekhona nje ngendalo yayo yokuhlobisa, kodwa kunye nenani leepropati ezithandayo. Ivumba layo elimnandi lisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, izithambiso, ukhathalelo lomzimba kunye nasekhaya, njengevumba elimnandi kwaye, ewe, njengesityalo sonyango. Isuka kummandla weMeditera waseYurophu. Ziintyatyambo ezincinci ezihluma ngobuninzi kwaye zingumboniso wokwenene kunye nevumba elimnandi.
Esi sityalo sisihlahla sasendle, esinevumba elimnandi elineziqu ezinamagatsha, ezinokufikelela kwimitha eyi-1 ukuphakama. Isiqu sinomthi kwaye simile apho kuphuma amasebe athile anezityalo. Amagqabi aphelele kwaye angqukuva, aluhlaza-luhlaza ngombala, akhula ngokuchaseneyo kwaye amxinwa, anesikhumba kancinci. Kwelinye icala, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphawulwe ukuba iintyatyambo zayo ezincinci ezimfusa ezineengcebiso ze-cylindrical terminal zingaqulatha phakathi kwe-6 ukuya kwi-10 imizekelo.
I-Zinnia
Sisityalo sonyaka esiyinzalelwane yaseMntla Melika sobukhulu obuncinci obufikelela phakathi kwe 15 kunye ne 90 centimeters ubude ngokuxhomekeke kudidi. Iintyatyambo zayo, ezifana nezo ze-dahlias, zinokufumaneka kwimibala eyahlukeneyo kwaye inokuba yodwa, iphindwe kabini okanye i-bicolor. Amagqabi arhabaxa kakhulu xa uwabamba, amile okweqanda kunye nombala oluhlaza omnyama. Ezi zityalo zidubula ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla kwaye zilungele zombini ukubumba kunye nokulima.
Iindidi zezi ntyatyambo zasehlotyeni ezineziqu eziluhlaza zilungele ukusika kunye nokubeka kwi-vase. IZinnias ziyalithanda ilanga kunye namaqondo obushushu ashushu. Badinga i-substrate elula kunye nokunkcenkceshela rhoqo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukula okanye ukumanzisa amagqabi. Iintyatyambo, kuya kufuneka sizisuse xa sele zibunile kwaye siya kuzihlawula zonke iintsuku ezili-15 ngesichumiso esithile sezityalo ezidubulayo. Ukuzala entlakohlaza kwenziwa ngembewu.
Ukudibanisa
Ziyiklasi yeentyantyambo zasehlotyeni eziphuhliswa ngonyaka ngamnye, zivela kwimimandla epholileyo kunye nefudumeleyo yehlabathi. Zibonakala ngokuba neentyatyambo ezimile okwexilongo, ezinemibala enokuba mhlophe, violet-bluish, pink okanye bicolor ezibekwe elangeni. Ziyakwazi ukukhula ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha ukuphakama, kodwa ekulimeni azifane zidlule kwi-30 cm. Zinika umdla ngakumbi ukugquma imigangatho, kodwa unokuba nazo kwiimbiza.
iYerusalem artichokes
Isityalo esingapheliyo si-0,5 ukuya kwi-2 m ubude, isiqu sithe nkqo. Amagqabi e-petiolate achasene phantsi kwesiqu, atshintshana phezulu. Kananjalo, zibanzi kwaye zi-ovoid ezinencam ezijijekileyo; eziphantsi zinokuba ngama-30 cm ubude, ezingaphezulu zincinci kwaye zincinci. Ngokuphathelele iintyatyambo zesi sityalo, kunokuthiwa ziphuzi kwaye zinobubanzi obuyi-5 ukuya kwi-10 centimeters. Iintyatyambo zifikelela kumashumi amathathu kwaye zibe nombala ofanayo. Iziqhamo zi-achenes zifana kakhulu nezo ze-sunflower, oko kukuthi, kunye ne-villain ene-2 awns eziphambili ze-9-12mm kunye ne-1 okanye i-2 encinci ye-deltoids.
Begonia
Ludidi lwesityalo sosapho lweBegoniaceae. Ivela kwimimandla yetropiki yaseMelika, iAfrika kunye neAsia. Iintyatyambo ziyahluka ngokwemilo kunye nobukhulu, umbala ngowona ubalulekileyo njengoko uqine kakhulu kwaye uthambile. Kukho malunga ne-1500 yeentlobo phakathi kolu hlobo, kodwa kuphela i-150 esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa komhlaba. Amagqabi abonakaliswe kakhulu, ngenxa yobukhulu, ububanzi kunye nokukhanya, anemilo ye-helix ehlelwe ngokwemigangatho enye phezu komnye. Ukongeza kokumelwa kweentlobo ze-hybridi, kukho i-pink kunye nebomvu phakathi kwemibala.
Ukuba uthanda eli nqaku Ziziphi iintyatyambo zasehlotyeni kwaye zinjani? kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neminye izihloko ezinomdla, ungajonga la makhonkco alandelayo: