Funda kulo lonke eli nqaku malunga ne iintyatyambo ze-tuberose, isityalo esithandwa ngabaninzi nabafuna ukwazi iimpawu zaso, indlela yokusinyamekela, ixesha lokuthena, izinambuzane ezinokusichaphazela, ezinye iindlela zokulima, isichumisi, i-morphology kunye nokunye okuninzi, musa ukuyeka ukufunda de ukugqiba ukufunda konke oku.
Yintoni i-tuberose kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo?
Esi sisityalo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kwiziganeko ezifana neminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kunye nomtshato, njengoko isityalo esihle kakhulu, intyatyambo engenakulinganiswa, ekwakhupha ivumba elimnandi, ngokwesayensi esi sityalo saziwa ngokuba yiPolianthes tuberosa, nangona igama elisetyenziswa rhoqo kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, kuba kulula ukutsho nje uNardo.
Imvelaphi yayo yiMexico, kuba kwesi sizwe kukho imozulu eshushu kunye nepholileyo, amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kwesi sityalo. Ngokubhekiselele kumbala wayo, udla ngokuba mhlophe kwaye ngowona usetyenziswa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho kunye neethoni eziluhlaza kunye nezinye ezinepinki.
Amanye amagama esaziwa phantsi kwawo esi sityalo ngala:
- iiamoles
- Intonga kaSaint Joseph
- Ityhubhu
Ngoko inokwahluka ukusuka kwesinye isizwe ukuya kwesinye, kodwa ibhekisa kwisityalo esinye; usapho ekulo kuthiwa yi-Amaryllidaceae, udidi olubandakanyekayo yiMonocot kwaye uhlobo yi-polianthes.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imilinganiselo yayo inokwahluka, kodwa ubukhulu becala ifikelela kumitha ubude, kuba inxalenye yayo amagqabi anokufikelela kumashumi amathathu eesentimitha, ezi ziyakwazi ukugotywa. Ezi ntlobo zezityalo kufuneka zityalwe xa kuqala intwasahlobo, kuba kule mihla imozulu ihlala ithambile, kukho ilanga elihle kwaye inokunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo.
Ukongeza ekukunikeni ivumba elimnandi kunye nembonakalo entle yomhlaba, inokukunika ioyile, onokuthi uyikhuphe ezingcanjini zayo kwaye ngale nto wenze i-perfume okanye isiqhumiso kwaye ube nevumba elityebileyo ixesha elide.
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kweentyatyambo ze-tuberose
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni, esi sityalo siluncedo kakhulu ukuhlobisa iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, ekubeni ubuhle balo buvumela, ngaphezu koko, indawo iya kuba mnandi ngephunga elikhuphayo; kodwa oko ayikokuphela kokusetyenziswa, nokwenza iziqholo ozisebenzisayo okanye uzithengise ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa isiqu sayo.
Ngokunjalo, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo neziluncedo kwesi sityalo zinokudweliswa, njengenyani yokuba siyeza, njengoko kunjalo nge Isityalo se-insulin kunye nabanye abaninzi, kuba kule meko ineempembelelo koku kulandelayo: ukuphuthelwa, kunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunenzuzo kwizifo, kunenzuzo kwiingxaki ze-immune system.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba i-stem idliwe, inokunceda kwisibeleko, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukuba inciphise ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini, kwaye ekugqibeleni ilungile kakhulu ukulwa neebhaktheriya kunye nefungi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesi sityalo kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezibi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyisebenzisa ngokumodareyitha.
ukulima tuberose
Ngokubhekiselele kwisityalo, kukho amathandabuzo angenakubalwa malunga nendlela yokwenza, nini ukuyenza, yeyiphi indawo ekufuneka ibe kuyo kwaye yeyiphi ekufuneka igwenywe kunye namanye amathandabuzo amaninzi, oku akwenzeki kuphela nge intyatyambo ye-tuberose, iyenzeka njengezinye ezininzi njengesityalo se IiDaisy okanye ii<em>orchids nezinye ezifana nazo; ngenxa yokuba ukwenza okuphosakeleyo bekuya kuthetha ukuba isityalo eso asiyi kuthwala isiqhamo okanye singabi nayo inkangeleko entle enqwenelekayo.
Ukulima kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nabantu abanamava, abazinikele ekwenzeni isitiya okanye okufanayo, kodwa inyaniso ikukuba ngumsebenzi onokuthi ngokuzinikela okuncinane uzenzele yaye ugcine ikhaya lakho lilihle kakhulu, linezityalo eziluhlaza, iintyatyambo nezinye. Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqaphele ngesityalo ekuthethwa ngaso kukuba kufuneka silinywe ngebhalbhu yaso.
Ngokunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esi sityalo siqhele ukubonwa kwindawo apho ubushushu bushushu, singabandi kakhulu okanye sishushu kakhulu, kufuneka sibe nokufuma, singatshonisi, kodwa noko sinokuba nokwaneleyo.
Pruna into yokuqala kusasa
Omnye wemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nale ntyatyambo malunga nokuthenwa, njengoko kukho abo bakholelwa ukuba oku kunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha losuku, kodwa inyaniso kukuba akunjalo, kwimeko yesi sityalo ingcono kakhulu. ixesha kusasa, nangona oku akunjalo kuzo zonke izityalo, ngoko ke kufuneka ubuze malunga nesityalo ngasinye.
Indawo echanekileyo apho kufuneka unqumle ngokufanelekileyo kwisiseko sesiqu, oku kukhuthazwa yinto yokuba ngale ndlela ibhalbhu iya kuqhubeka nokutyeba, ngoko ke, amagqabi kufuneka ahlale kwindawo. isityalo se-tuberose.
Ungakulibali ukususa loo magqabi abonakala ebolile, njengoko oku kuya kunceda isityalo sakho, njengoko uya kuthintela ukuphumla ekuqhubekeni nokubuna; Uya kubona ukuba ukwenza oku isityalo sakho siya kukhula.
isichumisi esilungeleleneyo
Enye yezinto ezisisiseko zale nto kunye naso nasiphi na esinye isityalo sinxulumene nesichumiso, kuba umhlaba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwesityalo sisisiseko, kuba ukuba umhlaba womile kakhulu okanye unomswakama kakhulu ke isityalo. uya kufa.
Ukuchumisa isityalo esibuzwayo kufuneka ufumane isichumisi okanye usenze, kufuneka sibe ne-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye ne-nitrogen, isixa esifanayo sezithako ezintathu. Ukongezelela, xa uhamba kuthenga isichumisi kwi-nursery, kufuneka ucele ukuba ibe yinto ekhethekileyo yolu hlobo lwezityalo, oko kukuthi, kwizityalo ze-bulbous, kufuneka uzibeke ngokukodwa ehlobo nasentwasahlobo.
Akuyomfuneko ukuba uyenze rhoqo, ukuba uyenza rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kuya kwanela, unokuphinda udibane neengcebiso ezithile kunye nabasebenzi base-nursery.
ITaxonomy kunye neMvelaphi
Ngokwe-taxonomically, ihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: intsapho ibizwa ngokuba yi-Amaryllidaceae, iklasi yi-Monocot kunye ne-genus yi-polianthes; Sisityalo esikufutshane kakhulu ne-valerian, isityalo esikwaziyo ukunyanga ngeenjongo ezininzi, oko kukuthi, bangabentsapho enye.
Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo zesi sityalo, eyona nto ilinywayo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiPolianthes tuberosa.
Le yinzalelwane yaseHimalayas.Kumaxesha amandulo yayisesinye sezona zityalo zihlonitshwayo, kuba iinzuzo ezahlukeneyo zokuphilisa zazibalelwa kuyo, yiyo loo nto yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimpucuko edlulileyo. Oku kunokufumaneka eMexico, ngasemazantsi eli lizwe.
I-Tuberose flower morphology
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-bulb i-brown, ngaphezu koko, inoluhlu lwezikali, ezo zikhoyo apho ezo zinto zisebenzisayo njengendawo yokugcina ziqokelela.
Kwindawo ye-basal disc kulapho kuvela iingcambu ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, kukho isiqu, esingqukuva, siluhlaza ngokuqaqambileyo, simile, kwaye sinentyatyambo elula, kuyabonwa ukuba kukho amagqabi amancinci.
Ngokubhekiselele kumagqabi, ahlala e-sessile, e-linear kwaye aneembambo, ubude bawo buqhelekile ukusuka kumashumi amathathu ukuya kwamashumi amathandathu eesentimitha, acwebezelayo kwaye ahlala ekufutshane nesiseko sesi sityalo.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho intyatyambo, ene-inflorescence, apho kukho iintyatyambo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-XNUMX, ezihlelwa njenge-hermaphrodites, zinevumba elimnandi, zincinci ngobukhulu, imilo yazo ifana neyefuneli, zinesithandathu. amagqabi .
Iimfuno ze-Edaphoclimatic
Kufuneka kuxelwe ubukhulu becala iqondo lobushushu, ukuze esi sityalo sikhule ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka sibephakathi kwamashumi amabini ukuya kumashumi amathathu degrees centigrade ngexesha lasemini, logama ebusuku bungasukela kwishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini amaqondo obushushu. ke isityalo siya kuyeka ukusebenza.
Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukukhomba oko kuhambelana nokukhanya, kwimeko yeentyantyambo ze-tuberose, kufuna ukukhanya okwaneleyo ukusuka elangeni, ngaphandle koko akuyi kudubula.
Kwindawo yesithathu kukufuma, idatha ibonisa ukuba oku kufuneka kungabi ngaphantsi kwamashumi amathandathu eepesenti kwaye okanye ngaphezulu kwamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti, kuba ukuba idlula le mali ngoko isityalo siya kufuthaniselwa kwaye sibole. Ngelixa ukuba ingaphantsi kwesixa esikhankanyiweyo ngoko ke isityalo siya koma.
Okulandelayo kukunkcenkceshela, akufanele unciphise inani le-1,5 g / l, kufuneka uyenze rhoqo uze ubone ukuba amaqabunga okuqala ahluma, ngoko kufuneka ube rhoqo ngakumbi.
Usasazeko
Ukwenza usasazo lwezityalo, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukufumana ibhalbhu esele ivelise isivuno, oko kukuthi, enabantwana, kuba kuvela kolu hlobo lwesityalo apho uya kuba nakho ukufumana iiglowubhu zokutyebisa. phezulu.
Oku kudla ngokwenzeka ngexesha lasebusika, xa sele unayo, kufuneka uqhubeke uyomisa, oku kunokwenziwa ngokubeka isityalo emoyeni oshushu okanye ukusigcina kubushushu obumalunga namashumi amabini okanye amashumi amabini anesihlanu, sivumele ukuba kudlule iintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. .
Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwisityalo ngaphambi kokuba usihlwayele, ukuhlwayela kufuneka ukwenze entwasahlobo, kufuneka umisele umhlaba, khumbula ukuba ifolo nganye kufuneka ibe nomgama omalunga neesentimitha ezingamashumi amathandathu kwaye xa ifika kubunzulu bayo kufuneka ibe malunga neesentimitha ezilishumi ngokuxhomekeke ubukhulu bebhalbhu .
Iindlela zokulima iintyatyambo zeTuberose
Zimbini iindlela zokulima, eyokuqala kukulima okuqhelekileyo kweentyantyambo ezisikiweyo kwaye eyesibini kunyanzeliswa ukulinywa kweentyatyambo ezisikiweyo, zombini ezo ziya kucaciswa ngokubanzi apha ngezantsi.
Isityalo sesiqhelo sentyatyambo esikiweyo
Kule meko yokuqala, into ebalulekileyo kukulungisa umhlaba, oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwangaphambili, oko kukuthi, inyanga kunye neentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu ngaphambi komhla oza kutyala iintyatyambo zakho ze-tuberose, umhlaba oya kuwenza. kufuneka ihlakulwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ifakwe phantsi, kule nkqubo, kufuneka ufumane, ukuba uyathanda, njengoko ngowona mgquba onconywayo, ovundisiweyo kwaye uwubeke emhlabeni, njengoko oku kuya kunika isityalo amathuba amaninzi ophuhliso.
Ngokufanayo, musa ukulibala ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane emgangathweni, ngakumbi ukuba uqaphela ukuba unokuba neentsholongwane ezosulelayo.
Emva koko kufuneka uqhube ukuhlwayela, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ixesha elide, ukuqala ngoFebruwari ukuya ekupheleni kukaJuni, xa ugqiba ukuhlwayela kufuneka unkcenkceshele izityalo ngamanzi amaninzi.
Ukulinywa ngenkani kwintyatyambo yecortada
Ngokuphathelele le ndlela yesibini, ilula, ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili, ungayenza usebenzisa ii-bulbs ezilibazisekayo okanye ezikhawulezayo.
Ukuba uza kusebenzisa isantya, ukulima kufuneka kuqhutywe phakathi kwenyanga kaDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari, ukuze ukwazi ukonwabela iintyatyambo ze-tuberose kwiinyanga zikaMatshi, Aprili, May kunye noJuni. Ibhalbhu yolu hlobo kufuneka ivunwe ngo-Okthobha kwaye njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwicandelo langaphambili, kufuneka uyibeke kumaqondo obushushu amalunga namashumi asibhozo eFahrenheit ukuze yome.
Kwimeko apho usebenzisa i-retared, ke ukuhlwayela kufuneka kwenziwe ngo-Agasti okanye kude kube yinyanga ka-Oktobha, ngale ndlela iintyatyambo ze-tuberose ziya kubonakala phakathi kweenyanga zikaNovemba ukuya kuJanuwari, kufuneka zibe phantsi komswakama.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo zeentyatyambo ze-tuberose
Kwenzeka kunye naluphi na uhlobo lwesityalo, kukho rhoqo ii-arhente ezosulelayo ezenza umonakalo kwiintyatyambo, iziqu okanye amagqabi ezityalo, yiyo loo nto kufuneka uqaphele kwaye uqaphele ukuziphatha kwabo, banokubenza badabuke okanye bahluthe, bajonge kwakhona amagqabi , ekubeni umngundo, izilwanyana okanye ezifana zinokuboniswa.
Ngokuphathelele izinambuzane, ezi zinokuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kukho i-aphid, i-whitefly, i-spider ebomvu kunye ne-thrips. Kwicala layo, isigcawu esibomvu, seso sivela xa isityalo siphantsi komswakama ophantsi kwaye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, uya kubona ukuba kukho amabala amhlophe kwisityalo.
Okulandelayo yintwala, eyimeko onokuthi uyibone emagqabini etyholo, njengoko iluhlobo lwentwala ebambelela kuyo kwaye inokubonwa ngombala obomvu, oku kuqhele ukubonwa rhoqo ngexesha lasentlakohlaza. , ukuthintela ungasebenzisa i-meshes ekhethekileyo, ukususa ukhula olonakalisiweyo okanye usebenzise izichumisi.
Kwelinye icala, kukho isibetho esibizwa ngokuba yi-whitefly, ehambelana ngokusondeleyo namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, oko kukuthi, ubuncinci ngama-25 degrees Celsius, xa le meko ikhoyo uya kukwazi ukubona amabala atyheli emagqabini kwaye ngenxa yoko baqala ukuvela. buna
Ekugqibeleni, kukho isibetho esibizwa ngokuba yi-thrips, esibangela umonakalo kwindawo yentyatyambo, ethi xa ikhona inokuba namabala amhlophe aneenca ezimnyama, kule meko ungasebenzisa i-meshes ekhethekileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho izifo ezinokuthi zihlasele izityalo, ezinye zezi meko zingaba yi-Botrytis cinerea, i-Ramularia primulae kunye ne-Rot, njengoko okokugqibela kuyi-fungus ebonakala kwisityalo ngakumbi xa kukho umswakama ophezulu, oku kunokuba ijongwe kwisiqu kunye neengcambu.
Okulandelayo kufuneka sikhankanye i-Ramularia primulae, enokuthi ichaphazele iintyatyambo ze-tuberose, nazo ziyi-fungi, ukuba ukhangele isityalo sakho kwaye sinamabala amhlophe kwelinye icala kunye nephuzi kwelinye, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba esi sifo .
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukulawula ezi zifo okanye ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwazo, ngokukodwa ukuba uqaphela ukuba amaqabunga awo aphethwe yintsholongwane, uze uwasuse kwaye ushiye kuphela abo baphilileyo, ngaphandle koko isifo siya kuqhubeka sisasazeka kuwo wonke amagqabi aphilileyo kwaye iintyatyambo.
Ngokunjalo, unokuthintela izifo ngokusoloko usebenzisa isichumiso esisempilweni, ubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo leyo, uqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ozisebenzisayo ukuthena namanzi zicoceke ngokupheleleyo, sebenzisa imichiza efanelekileyo, qinisekisa ukuba amanzi acocekile nangaphezulu, ukuba uphumeza konke. Ezi zibonakaliso ziya kuba ngaphantsi Kungenzeka ukuba izityalo zakho zigule okanye zichaphazeleke naluphi na uhlobo lwesitshabalalisi.