Xa sithetha ngazo Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana, sibhekisela kuzo zonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile okanye ngexesha elithile, oko kukuthi, sinokuthetha ngezityalo kunye nezilwanyana zelizwe ngokubanzi okanye enye eyayikho kwi-Paleolithic Era.
Ithini inkcazo yezityalo nezilwanyana?
Xa sithetha ngelizwi Flora Kufuneka sazi ukuba inokubaluleka okuhambelanayo ngaphakathi kwentsomi yamaRoma, oku kungenxa yokuba kuyo, kwakukho isithixo esasiphethe iintyatyambo, intwasahlobo kunye negadi, kwathiwa nguFlora. Nangona isenokungabalulekanga kwabaninzi, sinokuqaphela ukuba ininzi into efanayo kunye noko kuthethwa yiflora ngoku kuthi.
Ewe, ngoku siya kuyazi ingcamango yeflora esinayo namhlanje. Kule mihla, xa sithetha ngeentyatyambo, sibhekisa kuyo yonke into yezityalo, nokuba yimithi, amatyholo, iintyatyambo kunye nokungunda kunye neebhaktheriya ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile kunye nexesha nazo ziwela kolu didi.
Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sazi nokuba igama elithi fauna livela kwintsomi yamaRoma, kuba xa sithetha ngeFauna, sibhekisa kudade kaFauno, umoya ohlala kunye nomkhuseli wamahlathi. Okwangoku, xa sibhekisa kwizilwanyana, sithetha ngazo zonke ezo zilwanyana zimi kwindawo ethile nangexesha elithile.
Ngoko sinokuthi i ingcamango yezityalo nezilwanyana esikuphatha ngoku, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezikwizilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezikummandla othile ngexesha elithile.
Kufuneka sicace ukuba izityalo nezilwanyana azikho nje ngezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezihlala kwindawo enye kunye nexesha elinye, kodwa sikwathetha ngawo onke amakhonkco anokuba nawo kunye nemekobume jikelele ezingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sazi ukuba oku akubhekiseli kuphela kwiindawo zejografi, oko kukuthi, asibhekiseli kwizityalo nezilwanyana kuphela xa sithetha ngeendawo ezithile kunye namaxesha athile wendawo ethile, kodwa sinokulisebenzisa eli gama xa Thetha ngeendawo zokuhlala eziphezulu okanye ezisezantsi.
Umzekelo ocacileyo woku kungasentla kukuthetha malunga nezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezikhoyo kunxweme oluthile lonxweme, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana ezifumaneka ngaphakathi kuLwandle lweCaribbean okanye kuLwandle lwePasifiki, nokuba, sinokuthi kwihlabathi liphela, izityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle. iilwandle ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, xa sibhekisa kumanqanaba, oko kuthetha ukuba, xa sithetha ngendawo, eminye imizekelo inokubandakanywa okanye ingabandakanywa, oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuphononongo olwenziwa ngelo xesha.
Namhlanje, izazi ngebhayoloji nabantu abathanda i-ecology babonisa umdla onzulu kufundo lwezityalo nezilwanyana, oku kungenxa yokuba ukuzazi kunokusinceda sifunde ngakumbi nge-ecosystems ekhoyo kwiplanethi yethu kwaye Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwazo zonke? Ukongezelela koko, ukwazi ngazo kukwasinceda ukuba silondoloze yaye sikhusele iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kunye nenkqubo yendalo ephilayo nekhoyo.
Iintlobo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana
Sele sithethile malunga yintoni izityalo nezilwanyana kunye nokuba ithetha ukuthini ngaphakathi kwintsomi yamaRoma kunye nentsingiselo yayo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, siza kugxininisa kancinci kwakhona, ukuba ithetha ukuthini ngoku xa sibhekisa kwiintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana kunye nokwazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zazo nganye yazo.
Flora
Xa ngoku sithetha ngeentyatyambo, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezizezobukumkani bezityalo, oko kukuthi, imithi, iintyatyambo kunye nezityalo ngokubanzi ezisasazwa kwindawo ethile, le mimandla inokuba ziintaba, i-peninsular okanye ibhekiselele kuyo. ilizwe lonke okanye ilizwekazi. Kwezinye iimeko ezingaphantsi, sinokuthetha malunga neentyatyambo ezikhoyo kwiplanethi yethu.
Njengezilwanyana, iintyatyambo zinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo apho zinokufundwa khona, kuba nangona sinokuthetha ngezityalo zehlathi elithile, sinokuphinda sibhekiselele kwizityalo zelizwe lonke ngokubanzi. Ngaphandle kokushiya nantoni na, sinokude sibhekisele kwizityalo ezazikho ngexesha okanye kwixesha elithile size sizithelekise nezo zabanye.
Naliphi na inqanaba esithatha isigqibo sokulifunda, ekugqibeleni siya kubhekisa ekusasazweni kobukumkani bezityalo kuloo ndawo, indlela ezinxibelelana ngayo, indlela abenza ngayo ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho lwemozulu olukhoyo kuloo ndawo kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuba lunjani. lulwalamano onalo nezilwanyana ezabelana ngendawo enye neyakho.
Namhlanje kukho iiromes ezininzi zesayensi eziphethe uphononongo lwezityalo ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, eyona nto yaziwa kakhulu yi-geobotany, ephethe isifundo sokusasazwa kwendawo nganye kweentlobo zezityalo. Siyabulela kwizifundo eziqhutywe leli sebe lezenzululwazi, siyakwazi ukuba i-flora yahlula ngamaqela aya kuxhomekeka kumaxesha onyaka, iindawo, imozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokubanzi.
Ngoku, siza kwazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo zeflora kwaye ngoku zezona zahluke kakhulu:
- Iintyatyambo zemveli okanye ezizihambelayo: Ezi zezo zivela ngokukodwa kwindawo ethile yejografi, oko kukuthi, zikhula ngokwemvelo kuloo ndawo, ngoko ke azifane zifumaneke kwenye indawo ngaphandle kokuba zaziswe ngumntu.
- Izihombiso okanye iintyatyambo zegadi: xa sithetha ngezi, sibhekisela kuzo zonke izityalo ezithi umntu azityale kwizitiya zakhe ngenjongo yobuhle okanye ukuzonwabisa.
- Iintyatyambo zezolimo: sibhekisela kuzo zonke ezo zityalo, iintyatyambo okanye imithi athe umntu wayityala ukuba itye, oko kukuthi, emva kokukhula kwayo, iya kuba kukutya.
- iifosili: Olu hlobo lwezityalo lubhekisa kwezo ntsalela zamathambo ezityalo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zazikho kumaxesha amandulo kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba azisekho.
Kumaxesha amandulo, phakathi kokuhlelwa kwezityalo, loo maqela ezityalo ezingafunwayo okanye ezikhatywayo ngumntu zithathelwa ingqalelo kuba zazibhekwa njenge "ukhula" okanye izityalo ezizidumbu ", ngelo xesha, abantu babekholelwa ukuba olu khula. kufuneka iyeke ukubakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku, loo ngcinga iye yabhangiswa kwaye ezi ntlobo zezityalo azisajongwa zimbi, kuba uphononongo lubonise ukuba zibalulekile kulungelelwano lwe-ecosystem.
izilwanyana
Ngoku, xa sibhekisela kwizilwanyana, sithetha ngezo zilwanyana ezihlala okanye ezihlala kwindawo ethile yaye ezinxulunyaniswa okanye ezinxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lwendalo. Ngoku kukho isayensi enoxanduva lokufunda yonke into malunga nezilwanyana kunye nendawo ezikuyo, le yizoogeography. Kolu phononongo, zonke izinto eziluchaphazelayo zibandakanyiwe, amanzi, ubushushu, imozulu kunye notshintsho olunokuthi lwenzeka kwiindawo ngeendawo zokuhlala ezihlala kuzo.
Nangona, xa sibhekisa kwifauna ngolo hlobo, sijikelezisa kuzo zonke izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba izilwanyana zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo okuya kuxhomekeka kwimvelaphi yemizekelo. abaphuma kuyo.
Okulandelayo siyazi malunga nezi ntlobo zezilwanyana:
Izilwanyana zasendle okanye izilwanyana zasendle
Xa sithetha ngolu hlobo lwezilwanyana, sibhekisela kuzo zonke ezo zilwanyana zizalwayo, ezikhula nezihlala kwimo yazo yendalo, oko kukuthi, azinanto yakwenza nomntu okanye zifuywa nguye. Kuphononongo lwezilwanyana zasendle, kukho ezo zilwanyana ziyinxalenye ye-ecosystem kwanezo zazikhe zaziswa kuyo, oko kukuthi, zingabaphambukeli ngoku abangamalungu ale ecosystem.
Umzekelo wokuchaza ngezilwanyana zasendle ziingonyama, ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zeminenga, zonke iintaka zasendle, iiprimate nokunye. Sazise ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezimbini zezilwanyana zasendle ezikhoyo:
- Izilwanyana zasendle: xa sibhekisela kuyo, sithetha ngazo zonke ezo zilwanyana ngokwemvelo ziyinxalenye yaloo nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, ezihlala zihlala apho.
- Izilwanyana zasendle ze-Allochthonous: Ukuba sithetha ngezi zilwanyana, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izinto zasemzini, oko kukuthi, nangona ziphila kulo mxokomelwano wendalo, ayisiyonto yazo ngokwemvelo. Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwezilwanyana luye lwaziswa kuloo ndawo ngabantu, kwezinye iimeko bakwenza ngokuqaphela, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, akukho zingqondweni.
izilwanyana zasekhaya
Xa sibhekisela kolu hlobo lwezilwanyana, sithetha ngazo zonke izilwanyana athe umntu wakwazi ukuzifuya, ngokuzigcina zivalelwe kwindawo enye okanye ngokuzikhulula. Zonke ezi zilwanyana zabelana ngeempawu zokuba umsebenzi wazo, umzimba okanye izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngumntu kwaye zixhatshazwe nokuba ukondla, ukusebenza, ukwenza iimpahla, njengezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokunye.
Ngaphakathi kwizilwanyana zasekhaya sinamahashe, iinkomo, izinja, iikati, imivundla, iihagu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinokusetyenziswa ngendlela enye okanye enye.
Ukubaluleka kwezityalo nezilwanyana
La ulwazi lwezityalo nezilwanyana eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukubaluleka kwayo kwiplanethi yethu, kuba ngaphandle kwayo, akukho namnye kuthi bantu ebenokuphila.
Kwimeko yezityalo, ngabavelisi beoksijini esiyiphefumla sonke thina bangamalungu ezilwanyana, ngelixa izilwanyana zikhupha i-carbon dioxide, eyimfuneko kwizityalo, kuba ngayo zikwazi ukuphumeza i-photosynthesis yazo.
Ngoku, xa sibuyela kwizityalo, izityalo ziyakwazi ukuba ngabavelisi abaphambili kwikhonkco lokutya, oku kuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukuvelisa izinto eziphilayo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-inorganic. Le yinto eyayingenakuyenza izilwanyana, njengoko zingenakukwazi ukuyenza.
Kwimeko yezilwanyana, ziyakwazi ukubuyisela zonke izondlo ezifakwe yi-mimes kwaye zishiye emhlabeni, apho umjikelo wokudala izityalo ezitsha uya kuqala. Ngoko umjikelo wobomi uyaqhubeka.
Ukwazi oku, sinokuthi ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuze uphile, zombini izikumkani zifuna enye, ngaphandle kwesinye sezi zibini, enye ayinakho. Lo mjikelo ubandakanya thina bantu, kuba sithi abaxhamli baxhamle kwaye basebenzise ubutyebi esibunikwa zizilwanyana nezityalo, ngoko ke siyinxalenye yawo kwaye sixhomekeke kubukho bazo zombini ukuze sikwazi ukuqhubeka nazo. ubomi ngaphakathi kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba.
Ngoko, kuhleli kuthi, abantu, ukuba sikwazi ukugcina nokunyamekela iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zethu, ngale ndlela, umjikelo wobomi beentlobo zezilwanyana aziyi kuchaphazeleka kwaye siya kukwazi ukugcina ubomi bethu njengoko sinakho. kwenziwa iminyaka ngamawaka nezigidi zeminyaka.