Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni na ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo? Ibandakanya ntoni? Zeziphi ezo zixhobo kwaye zisetyenziswa njani? Kaloku, ngokomgaqo, iphathelele umntu athabathe ubuncwane abunikwa yindalo aze abusebenzise ukwanelisa iimfuno zakhe, kodwa kuninzi ngakumbi afanele akwazi.
Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo
Imekobume ibonelela ngesixa esikhulu imithombo yendalo njengesiseko sophuhliso lwabantu, ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchuma kunye nolondolozo lwezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala kwihlabathi lethu. Ezi ntlobo zemithombo yizo ezibe negalelo ukuze zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ingakumbi abantu, ziye zakwazi ukufezekisa umgangatho wobomi obungenakoyiswa kwaye zisivumele ukuba senze ubugcisa obutsha.
Nangona kunjalo, into eqinisekileyo malunga nobudlelwane bethu kunye nokusingqongileyo kukuba sisondele kumzuzu apho ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwimithombo yendalo ngokupheleleyo kwaye asiyikulawula ngendlela ebesifanele ukuba senze ngayo, ukuze, ukuba siyaqhubeka. ukubaxhaphaza kumanqanaba esiwenzayo ngoku, siya kubaphelisa kwaye indalo ayinakukwazi ukusinika ngakumbi.
Yintoni ubutyebi bendalo?
Ubutyebi bendalo bubutyebi kunye neemveliso ezifunyenwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindalo. Ezi zixhobo eziyimfuneko kwinkqubela phambili yabantu kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo ezingenakubalwa, kuba zisinika ukutya kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukufumana amandla afunekayo kwindlela yethu yokuphila.
Ezi zixhobo zendalo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiklasi ezi-3, kuxhomekeke ekubeni banakho ukutshintsha kokusingqongileyo:
Izixhobo zendalo ezingapheliyo
Zezo zibonelelo zendalo zininzi kangangokuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zininzi kangakanani na ezixhatshaziweyo, azinakuze ziphele. Oko kukuthi, zinokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ngaphandle kokunyamalala. Imizekelo yoku ngumoya, amandla e-geothermal, ukuhamba kwamaza okanye ukukhanya kwelanga.
ubutyebi bendalo obuhlaziyekayo
Ezi zezo zixhobo ezinokutshintshwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba zibubutyebi bendalo ekunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule ngokutsha ukuba nje ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuqhutywa ngendlela ezinzileyo. Ezi zizityebi zendalo ezikwaziyo ukuvuselela kwaye ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokwendalo ngokwayo, zingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide.
Kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba zikhutshwe ngobuninzi kwaye ngaphandle kokulawula, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo amandla abo okuhlaziya, ngoko ziya kutshabalala ngonaphakade. Eminye imizekelo yolu didi lwemithombo yobutyebi zii-biofuels, iinkuni, iimveliso zezolimo, izityalo kunye namanzi.
Izixhobo zendalo ezingavuselelekiyo
Zizinto zendalo ezinomlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwazo, ukuze emva kokuba zisetyenziswe, ziphele. Isizathu soku kungenxa yokuba zinokuphinda zenziwe ngokutsha okanye ziyenzeka kodwa zicotha kakhulu. Imizekelo emininzi yolu hlobo lwemithombo yobutyebi bendalo ngamandla enyukliya, i-oyile, irhasi, amalahle kunye neendawo ezimanzi emanzini.
Yintoni ukuxhatshazwa kokusingqongileyo?
Uluvo lwe ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo, njengesiseko sophuhliso lomntu, yaziwa njengenzuzo efunyenwe kubutyebi kunye neenkonzo esizibonelelwa yindalo. Le yimisebenzi ekhupha ezo zixhobo mihla le ukuzinzisa nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bethu njengoluntu.
Ingxaki kukuba abemi bangoku abangabanini beplanethi yethu bajongene nokungalingani kwezendalo kumlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu, kuba izenzo zokusingqongileyo esizenzayo ukukhupha ezinye zezi zixhobo zendalo zibangela impembelelo enkulu. Iindidi zeZityalo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zehlabathi. Ke ingxaki asikuko ukufumana izibonelelo zethu, kodwa ukuba semayini kangakanani na nokuba semayini kangaphi.
Olu hlobo lomsebenzi ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi, kwaye ngokusisiseko a ukutsalwa kobutyebi bendalo ngokungafanelekanga okanye ukunqongophala kolawulo okanye ukuphathwa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indawo esihlala kuyo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ichaphazela ngokulinganayo izityalo nezilwanyana, ngokubanzi, wonke umntu ophilayo, kuquka nabantu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokuba siqhube umsebenzi wokuxhaphaza ubutyebi esisingqongileyo kwendalo esisibonelelwayo ngengqiqo, eyona nto siyenzayo kukuxhaphaza ngaphaya kobukho babo ngendlela engekho ngqiqweni.
Ngale ndlela, into enokuqinisekiswa kukuba abantu banobuchule obukhethekileyo bokusebenzisa kwaye bakwazi ukuxhamla inani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela ezixhamlayo kwinkqubela yabo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, nangona kukho konke ukuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ezentlalo kunye nezenkcubeko, asikwazanga ukufikelela uhlobo lokuxhaphaza ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo kwimo engqongileyo esinika zonke ezo zixhobo.
Iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo zikhona kunye nemizekelo
Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo inokubonwa kwinqanaba elikhulu kwimisebenzi eyenziwa imihla ngemihla yokugcina kunye nenkqubela phambili yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye enkulu yazo zonke izenzo zokuxhaphaza ezenziwa namhlanje ngelishwa aziyithatheli ingqalelo impembelelo ezibangela kwindalo okanye ukuba inamandla okuhlaziya, kuba sisebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo izibonelelo zendalo.
Abantu bazinikele ekukhupheni ubutyebi bendalo ngobungakanani obukhulu, ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye, ngokwenyani, bayimimiselo, ukuqikelela kakhulu amandla endalo enawo ukuzihlaziya nokwandisa ukuqhubela phambili kokuwohloka kwayo, okukhawuleziswa kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lendalo. imisebenzi engcolisa nesenziwa ngamadoda.
Ingxaki kukuba uninzi lwabemi aluyazi imeko yangoku yezibonelelo ezininzi esizisebenzisayo. Le meko iyabakhuthaza abo bathe gqolo bexhaphaze obu butyebi, kuba ukuswela ulwazi kusenza singazikhathazi ngokubeka imimiselo ebathintelayo ukuba bangenzi ngale ndlela bebexhaphake ngayo.
Nazi ezinye iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo obubeka emngciphekweni ulondolozo lwendalo:
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo. I Oonobangela Bokugawulwa Kwamahlathi Baqala ngokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungenalusini nokunyamalala kwamaqela amahlathi, nto leyo ekuqaleni eyayiluqheliselo ekwakusithi ngalo kuphela imithi ethile eyayikhethwe ngaphambili eyayigawulwa, ngokuvisisana nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwixesha elizayo. imeko yokufumana iinkuni zokwenziwa kweengcango okanye ifenitshala.
Kodwa namhlanje ingxaki enkulu eye yasasazeka malunga nolu hlobo ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo, sizifumana sikwixesha apho kunikwa ingqwalaselo ephambili kwiimfuno ezingenangqiqo kangako, endaweni yokubeka kuqala ukusinda kweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana, kwezinye iindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kokusingqongileyo, ukwenza iindawo zokuhlala zendalo apho indalo iphila khona. izilwanyana zasendle zeplanethi ziyaphuhla.
Ukuba sifuna ukufumana umzekelo ocacileyo wenkcazo esiyinikayo, sinayo ngokugawulwa kwehlathi lehlathi le-Amazon, eliye lancitshiswa ngesiqingatha kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, ngenxa yomdla kunye nexabiso lemarike ukuba iinkuni zinayo. ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nesajo, cuangare, quebracho kunye nemahogany ehlala ixatyiswa. Isizathu sokuba oku kwenzeke kukuba, nangona kukho umlinganiselo wonyaka wokuxhatshazwa kolu hlobo lomthi ngokomthetho, uninzi lweenkampani ezizinikele kulo msebenzi aziwuhloniphi.
Ezi nkampani zigawula ngaphezu kokuba kuvunyelwe kwaye zithengise iinkuni ezishiyekileyo kwimarike emnyama. Kodwa ukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamahlathi kunye namahlathi akwenziwanga kuphela ngenxa yomdla wokhuni, kukho iimeko apho ukwandiswa okukhulu kwehlathi lehlathi, elinomdla obalulekileyo we-ecological, liye lagawulwa ukuze kufumaneke umhlaba ongaphezulu. imisebenzi yezolimo, apho kufunyanwa inzuzo enkulu yezoqoqosho.
Oku koko kuye kwenzeka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, apho amahlathi athatyathelw’ indawo ngamasimi esundu, apho kwenziwa khona ioli, esetyenziswa njengento ekrwada xa kusenziwa iimveliso ezininzi ezisetyenziswa mihla le. Ubukhulu becala la mahlathi aqulathe inani elikhulu lezilwanyana, izinambuzane, izityalo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ezigqugqisayo kuloo mmandla, kodwa ezitshatyalaliswayo ngumntu kwaye zityhalela iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kwingozi yokuphela, ngenxa yesizathu kuphela sokulutha. yokunyoluka
Pesca
Lo ngomnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngumsebenzi wezoqoqosho obuyela kumaxesha amandulo, ngendlela efanayo nokuzingela. Kodwa malunga namashumi amabini okanye amathathu eminyaka, izikolo zeentlanzi kwiilwandle zethu kunye neelwandle ziye zehla ngomlinganiselo owothusa ngokwenene, kwaye oku kunjalo, ngokusisiseko, ngenxa yokuloba ngokugqithisileyo okuye kwaqhutywa, kusetyenziswa izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe abanabo. ithintele indalo ekubeni ikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ayo okuhlaziya nokwandisa abantu.
Ngoko ngemisebenzi yokuloba ngokugqithiseleyo, kwanangeendlela ezithile zokurhweba ngokuloba, uninzi lweentlobo zaselwandle zisengozini. Ezona ntlanzi zichaphazeleka kakhulu yi-monkfish, ityhuna, i-anchovies, i-sardines, i-cod kunye ne-hake, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
Uninzi lweentlobo zeentlanzi ziye zabona amanani azo ehla kakhulu kwaye ngenxa yokuba zisetyenziselwa ukutyiwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabantu. Kodwa ezo zingatyiwa zikwasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinye iimveliso, ezinjengokutya kwezilwanyana, okanye njengokutya okutsha kwezinye iintlanzi kwiifama zeentlanzi.
Inyaniso engqinwe ngokwenzululwazi yokuba inani leentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle liyehla ngokutsiba nemida lixhalabisa kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka sithathe inyathelo kwaye siqale ukubeka esweni izabelo zokuloba ngokungqongqo. Ukuba lo mgangatho uqhubekayo wokuxhatshazwa uyaqhubeka, ngokuqinisekileyo kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo ziya kube zingasekho yaye kwisithuba seminye iminyaka engama-50, ezinye ziya kube zingasekho.
Ezinye iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo
Mhlawumbi eyona nto ingcolisekileyo yimisebenzi yezemigodi, ekungekho mfuneko yokuba uhlolisise, kuba phantse wonke umntu uyazi. Iidayimani, iirubhi, igolide, isilivere, intsimbi, igesi, ioyile kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zezimbiwa zendalo ezifunekayo kwishishini, njenge-coltan kunye neminye imihlaba enqabileyo, ukuxhaphazwa okungangcolisi nje kuphela kwaye kubangele. Ukuwohloka kwendalo, kodwa ibe ngunobangela weemfazwe nokufa kwabantu abangenakubalwa, ingakumbi eAfrika.
Ngaphandle kokushiya ecaleni iifama ngeenjongo zezolimo, eziyandayo ngenxa yokukhula kwabemi kunye nezenzo zokungakhathali nezingazinzanga eziwugqiba umhlaba.
Inyaniso kukuba ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo, njengoko siye saziqhelanisa, siye savelisa ukutshabalala kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kwaye ukuba kuyaqhubeka kwakweli nqanaba elifanayo, kwiminyaka embalwa siya kube sicime ezinye zezo zixhobo kwaye uluntu luya kufuneka lucinge ngezinye iindlela ezizezinye ukwanelisa ngoku. iimfuno.
