Itekhnoloji yeselula yinkampani ehamba ngokutsiba kunye nemida, yiza kwaye ufumanise ukuba Ukuziphendukela kwefowuni ihamba kude kube namhlanje
Ukuziphendukela kwefowuni
Kukho izinto eziye zafunyaniswa kunye nezinto eziqanjiweyo eziye zavumela utshintsho kwindaleko yomntu, njengokuveliswa komatshini wokushicilela owatshintsha indlela yokunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu ngelo xesha yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo wavumela ukusasazwa kolwazi ngendlela yombhalo.
mobile phone evolution
Ngala maxesha ogqabhuko-dubulo lobuchwepheshe, sibe ngamangqina akhethekileyo yenye yezona zinto ziqanjiweyo zibalulekileyo kushishino lonxibelelwano ngokubhaliweyo, kwidatha nakwilizwi, ezidityaniswe kwisixhobo esinye esincinci esiye saba sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. amadoda akunye.
Eli nqaku likubonisa ngendaleko mobile phones kunye neempawu zabo, eziye zabumba ukuziphatha komntu ehlabathini zonxibelelwano, ishishini, ulwazi, imfundo kunye nobudlelwane babo kwezentlalo. Kuyaxaka ukuba isixhobo esincinci esinje sibe ngumguquleli wezikali kwihlabathi, ukuba sithelekisa oko, ngokucofa nje iselfowuni, sinehlabathi ezandleni zethu.
Iziqalo Ukuzivelela kwefowuni
Iifowuni eziphathwayo ekuqaleni kwazo: Usetyenziso lwayo oluphambili yayilunxibelelwano lwelizwi, imvelaphi yexesha elitsha lokushukuma, inzuzo enkulu ukuba siyithelekisa nekhompyuter yethu.
Olunye uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwesi sixhobo kusetyenziso lweshishini, oko kukuthi, kunye namaxwebhu ethu obuqu afana nesazisi samakhadi, iincwadana zokundwendwela, amakhadi etyala okanye ebhankini, ilayisenisi yokuqhuba okanye ikhadi lobuqu lenkampani yethu okanye iziko lemfundo. , ifowuni ephathwayo ithathwa njengoxwebhu lwesazisi olunye ngakumbi.
Ukuqala kweselula kucatshangelwe kwimeko yeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, isiganeko esaphawula isidingo sokunxibelelana okude. Inkampani ye-Motorola yenze isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Handie Talkie H12-16, umsebenzi wayo wawuquka ukusetyenziswa kwamaza onomathotholo kwibhendi yefrikhwensi engaphantsi kwe-600 KHz.
Injongo yalo yayiyindlela yokunxibelelana yasemkhosini kuphela. Enyanisweni, esi sixhobo sasingahambi kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu kunye nobukhulu bayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakulinganiselwe kwizithuthi zomkhosi. Iimpawu zayo zobugcisa zaziyi-analog kwindalo, kunye neebhendi ze-HF kunye ne-VHF, ezilawulwa yinkampani yaseMelika iBell.
Kwinxalenye yayo, i-Ericsson ithengise iNkqubo yeFowuni yeSelfowuni (MTS), elawulwa yiBell, iimpawu zayo: Ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimoto. Kwakungowe-1955.
Emva koko, i-Walkie-Talkie enobunzima be-1,2 kilograms ekwazi ukuxhuma kwi-1,5 KHz yakhiwe. Uyilo lwayo lunxulunyaniswa nomqambi waseRashiya uLeonid Ivánovich Kupriyanovich ngowe-1955. Ngexesha elithile kamva kwenziwa inguqulelo ephuculweyo, enobukhulu obuncinane kunye nobunzima obuncinane yaye yandisa uluhlu lwayo lweekhilomitha ezi-2, ngonyaka we-1957.
Iifowuni zokuqala zentengiso Evolution of the phone
Ukuqala kweli candelo kubangelwa isiqendu esenzeka ngo-Aprili 3, 1973, xa uMartin Cooper, umlawuli we-Motorola, wabiza imbangi yakhe kwicandelo, uJoel Engel weBell Labs ye-AT & T. Yayiyifowuni yokuqala eyenziwa ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Motorola Dynatac Phone Evolution
Umnxeba uthe wenziwa nge-Motorola Dinatac 8000x (i-Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage), yayiyiprototype esetyenziswa ngu-Cooper, yayinale milinganiso ilandelayo: 33 x 4,5 x 8,9 centimeters kwaye inobunzima obuyi-800 grams, inefowuni yekhibhodi (keypad) , yayinezitshixo ezikhethekileyo ezisithoba.
Ukuzimela kwesi sixhobo kwakuyiyure enye kuphela kwincoko (esibhozo kwi-standby) kwaye ixabiso layo laliyi-4.000 yeedola ngelo xesha. Eyona nto iphambili yayinomthamo wayo wokugcina, inokugcina iinombolo zefowuni ezingama-30 kwincwadi yayo yeedilesi. Ubomi bebhetri buyiyure enye. Umgangatho wayo wokusebenza ubulungile kakhulu ekwamkeleni nasekudluliseleni.
INokia Mobira Talkman
Ukusuka eFinland, iba yifowuni yokuqala ephathwayo yakwaNokia. Uyilo lwayo lwaluchasene nezinto ezingeloncedo ezinikezelwa yi-Motorola Dynatac 8000x, kodwa yayinkulu kwaye inzima (10 Kg) kwaye yayinobhaka oquka ibhetri enkulu. Ixabiso layo lalingama-4.500 eeuro, ngowe-1984.
IMotorola MicroCT.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukusungulwa kweli qela. Yayiyinguqulo encitshisiweyo ngobukhulu, ubunzima kunye nokuzimela okungcono. Iinguqulelo zayo zokuqala zaziquka iifowuni ze-analog ngaphambi kokufika kwenkqubo ye-GSM. Olona tshintsho lukhulu kukuba isithethi sisonge phezu kwekhibhodi.
Motorola Startac
Le prototype yasungulwa ngo-1996, ithathwa njengefowuni yokuqala eyanika ukubaluleka okukhulu ukuyila, ukuncama iimpawu ezithile zokusebenza, mhlawumbi ngenxa yolu phawu yayiyeyomhla, i-mobile ethandwayo kwaye ifikeleleke ukuyithwala ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphantsi.
Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX Evolution of the mobile phone
I-90 yayilawulwa ngabavelisi i-Motorola kunye ne-Nokia, ibe ngumzabalazo wokwenene wezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi kweeprototypes eziphambili sinazo:
Motorola 2900 Bag Phone
Ngo-1994, kulo nyaka i-Motorola Bag Phone yangena emarikeni, yayithathwa njengendawo yokugcina iimoto, ubunzima obulula kwaye iqulethe uhlobo lwebhegi apho ibhetri kunye ne-transceiver yafunyanwa khona, babehamba kakuhle kwaye babedume kakhulu imakethi.mobile.
Motorola StartTAC Mobile Phone Evolution
Le mobile wangena kwimarike kunyaka 1996. Ithathwa njengefowuni yokuqala yokwenyani. Uyilo lwayo lwalunemilo ye-clamshell eyayinokuguquguquka kokugoba kwisiqingatha sokukhusela izinto ezifana nebhodibhodi kunye nokuboniswa kokusingqongileyo.
INokia 8110 yeNokia
Unyaka ka-1996 wafika kwaye inkampani yezonxibelelwano yakwaNokia yazisa iselfowuni yayo entsha. Yayisisixhobo esithandwa kakhulu ngelo xesha, sasinokhuselo olukhuselayo kwiimpembelelo okanye iingozi. Yayineempawu ezilandelayo: Ukukwazi kwayo ukuhlaziya i-firmware yayo nge-OTA (Ngaphezu koMoya). Ixabiso layo lalimalunga ne-1.000 yeedola.
9000i Nokia Communicator
Ngokulandelelana kwexesha, unyaka ka-1997 kwakhona abakwaNokia bayothusa ngale fowuni. Ithathwa njenge 'smartphone' yokuqala kwimarike, nangona ishishini lalisele libonelele ngezinye iikhompyuter zepokotho.
Ubume bomzimba befowuni bebutsha. Abasebenzisi banokuvula i-9000i ngokuthe tye ukufikelela kwiscreen esikhulu seLCD kunye nekhibhodi epheleleyo yeQWERTY. Yayiqwalaselwa ngelo xesha njengomanduleli we-Smartphone. Umthamo wayo wePDA, uguquguquka kakhulu kwaye unika ithuba lokuthumela imiyalezo kunye ne-imeyile. Ngokufikelela kwiWebhu (ilinganiselwe), kunye namagama angama-160 omyalezo obhaliweyo weSMS.
Nokia 3210
AbakwaNokia bayaqhubeka nokukhukula kwimarike. Ngo-1999, uye wabonisa le fowuni entsha, eguquguqukayo kakhulu ngelo xesha. Yayingenayo i-eriyali yangaphandle, ebangela ukuba ibonise iingxaki zokufumana. Yayiqulathe isoftware ekhethekileyo ezinikele kwimidlalo, amaqweqwe atshintshanayo kunye neethowuni zeringi ezahlukeneyo zobuqu. Yayiyiselula ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi.
Ukuvela kwefowuni kwi-SXXI
Inkampani yakwaNokia idityaniswe njengomvelisi ohamba phambili wehlabathi, iiprototypes zayo zineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezinje: Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ephathwayo, ukufumaneka koqhagamshelo lweWAP.
Okulandelayo, sichaza iinkcukacha eziphambili zeemobiles zenkulungwane yangoku, kunye neempawu zazo. Yonke imihla yenza into entsha:
BlackBerry
Ngeli xesha, iBlackBerry yafika, ithandwa kakhulu kubemi becandelo lobuchwephesha. I-phenomenal i-RIM BlackBerry 5810 yangena kwimarike ngo-2002. Yayiyi-smartphone yokuqala, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwenkxaso yedatha yeselula kunye nemiyalezo ebhaliweyo ye-SMS kunye ne-imeyile etyhalayo, eyaye yathandwa njengophawu oluhle lwale smartphone. Ukongeza, yayinekhibhodi ye-QWERTY esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi.
Indawo yayo ebuthathaka yayikukuba yayingenamakrofoni okanye isithethi. Nangona kunjalo, ukulungisa oku kuphazamiseka, ukusetyenziswa kwee-headphones (izandla ezingenazo izandla) kwakucwangcisiwe.
Nokia 1100
Kunyaka ka-2003, abakwaNokia bazisa inguqulelo yokuqala yefowuni enoqoqosho, esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, ekwaziyo ukumelana nokonakala kwemekobume. Yaba yeyona modeli idumileyo.
Nokia
Kulo nyaka ka-2007, iNokia iyaqhubeka, ibonisa ukuvela kwefowuni ephathwayo. Eli qela lithathwa 'leyona mfonomfono itshiphu kakhulu kwimbali'.
Ixabiso layo lenze ukuba ibe sisixhobo esinomtsalane kubantu abaselula abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi yaye iimfuno zayo zazigxininise kangangokuba yathengisa kuluhlu lwee-arhente zorhwebo zezi mveliso kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.
I-smartphone ye-iPhone ye-Apple
USteve Jobs, iCEO yeshishini le-Apple, thaca ifowuni yakhe edumileyo ye-Apple iPhone kubaphulaphuli ngo-1997.
Esi sesona sixhobo siguqule ngokwenene ihlabathi leeselfowuni kwihlabathi liphela lezonxibelelwano, yaba sisiseko see-Smartphones. Kwakuyiqela elibonisa i-3,5-intshi ye-multi-touch screen, eyayigubungela ipesenti ephezulu ye-front of the mobile.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe sine-quad-band GSM iteknoloji, exhaswa yiteknoloji ye-EDGE kunye ne-Wi-Fi yokuqhagamshelwa ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Ukuqala e-United States, kwabonakala ngesixhobo esikhulu somnxeba i-AT&T. Inkqubo yayo yokusebenza yayiyinto entsha: i-iPhone OS, eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba yi-iOS. I-interface yayo yaqanjwa phantsi kwefomathi yokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nezongezo ze-slider, amaqhosha kunye nokutshintsha okwenza i-multi-touch gestures.
Ekuqaleni kwayo, ubuthathaka bayo bubandakanya ukungabi nankxaso yokufakela izicelo ezininzi kunezo zifakelwe ekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba le meko yalungiswa kamva, yaba sisiganeko sokwenyani sehlabathi kwihlabathi lezonxibelelwano.
Ixesha elitsha le-smartphone-iGoogle Android kunye neSamsung
I-Android yiNkqubo yokuSebenza ngeMobile, ephuhliswe sisigebenga se-Intanethi sikaGoogle, i-smartphone yayo yokuqala yayiyi-HTC Dream, ngo-2008.
Samsung Galaxy SII Phone Evolution
Ithathwa ziingcali njengeselfowuni enamandla, ngenxa yehardware eyomeleleyo. Ubukho bezicelo ezininzi ezikunika i-domain kwi-versatility kunye nobuhle ngokuqinisekileyo.
Uyilo lwayo lwacatshangelwa ngokubhekisele kwiimpawu ze-ergonomic, ezifana nokuguquguquka kwintende yesandla kunye nendlela yokubonakala kwayo kunye nomgudu omncinci kumsebenzisi.
Iqukethe ikhamera ethathwa njengenye yezona zibalaseleyo kwimarike, i-8 megapixels kunye nesikrini se-AMOLED, ngokuqinisekileyo kunye ne-Android Operating System, ubunzima obulula kakhulu. Ukubonakala kwayo kwimarike kwakungo-2011.
I-Huawei Mate 20 Pro
Ibandakanya i-smartphone eneempawu ezimangalisayo. Inekhamera enkulu entsonkothileyo eyenziwe zii-lens ezintathu ze-megapixel ezingama-40, ezingama-20 kunye ne-8, ezi zimbini zokugqibela zisebenza njenge-engile ebanzi kunye ne-telephoto lens.
Kolu landelelwano lwezimvo, enye into entsha ibandakanya intlawulo ebuyiselwa umva yebhetri yakho okanye ezinye ii-smartphones ezihambelana nokutshaja okungenazingcingo. Ibhetri yayo yi-4,200 mAh, kunye nokuzimela kweeyure ezinde zokusetyenziswa kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokutshaja kwakhona kwimizuzu engama-30 nje.
Lo mboniso ubonisa njengomsebenzi owongezelelweyo ubukho beskena somnwe kwiscreen kunye nenkqubo yokuqaphela ubuso obutsha kwikhamera engaphambili njengesixhobo sokhuseleko sokuvula iselula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo.
Ngeli xesha sibhala eli nqaku, ukongamela ngokupheleleyo kweeselfowuni ze-Samsung ezineNkqubo yokuSebenza ye-Android kuphumelela kwimarike yehlabathi, ukuguqula ezi zixhobo zibe "yiofisi entsha yenyani" wonke usomashishini okanye usomashishini aphuphe ukuba nayo.
Isizukulwana Evolution yefowuni
Kunzima ukukhulelwa ukwandiswa kweefowuni eziphathwayo ngaphandle kokulinganisa kunye nokuguqulwa ngokubhekiselele kwizakhono zokugcina kunye nesantya sokuphendula kunye nokuququzelela ukulungiswa kweenguqu kwiiprotocol ezinikezelwe kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nenkxaso yabaqhubi.
Ininzi inkqubela eyenziweyo ngexesha elifutshane, ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kweendlela zamaza kanomathotholo ezinamaza angaphantsi kwe-600 KHz, emva koko ukusetyenziswa kwe-AM kunye ne-FM, iinkonzo ze-Bell kunye ne-Erickson, ukuya kusetyenziso olukhulu lwe-Samsung. Makhe sibone ngezantsi ukuvela kwefowuni yeselula ngesizukulwana.
Isizukulwana sokuqala 1G
Olona phawu lwayo ibilusetyenziso lwamajelo e-analog, nenkqubo ye-NMT. Inkampani yakwaEricsson yaphucula inkqubo, esebenza ngamaza angaphezulu kwe-900 MHz, inyusa inkonzo kwinani elikhulu labasebenzisi. Ukuqala kwinkqubo ye-NMT, ezinye iinkqubo ezinokomelela okukhulu kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ziye zaphuhliswa ezavumela ukusekwa kwesizukulwana esibaluleke ngolo hlobo.
IJapan yaba lilizwe lokuqala elinguvulindlela ekwakhiweni kweZiko leNkonzo yeSellula, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngeskimu sokuthengisa kwithekhnoloji esanda kuzalwa, ekhoyo ukwanelisa iimfuno zenkonzo yabasebenzisi, kwi-1979.
EYurophu yayingamazwe aseScandinavia (iFinland) eyaqala indlela ngo-1981 kwaye e-United States inkonzo yorhwebo isekiwe, ngokusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi ye-AT&T ngo-1983.
Isizukulwana sesibini 2G
Kwenzeka kwi-90, ifakela inkqubo ye-GSM, IS-136, iDEN kunye ne-IS-95. I-GSm yaba lolona phuhliso lufanelekileyo, yayiyireferensi yetekhnoloji eYurophu.
Embindini we-1992, uthungelwano lwaseYurophu lwamkela inkqubo ye-GSM-900 kunye neetheminali ze-GSM, eziye zanempembelelo enkulu e-Latin America, e-Asiya, e-Oceania (i-Australia yaba nguvulindlela wobu bugcisa obusakhulayo) kunye neninzi ye-United States kunye neKhanada.
Ngenxa yoko, ngokucacileyo ngento eveziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kulula ukuxela ukwamkelwa okukhulu kwabasebenzisi kwinqanaba lehlabathi kunye nokuthengisa kwayo.
Isizukulwana sesithathu (3G
Njengoko uxinzelelo lukhula kubasebenzisi kwiimfuno zabo zokufikelela kwitekhnoloji yeselula ekhawulezayo, ethembekileyo nefikelelekayo. Ivela kubaphuhlisi boyilo, inkqubo ye-UMTS ikhulelwe, igqitywe yi-W-CDMA iteknoloji.
Isizukulwana sesine 4G
Ngesi sizukulwana, sibonisa ipotifoliyo yezinto ezintsha ezigubungela ukuphuculwa okukhulu okunxulumene nokhuseleko olungcono kunye olukhulu kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo (QoS) kunye nokuthunyelwa okukhulu ngokunxulumene nesantya, uphawu oludlula i-100 Mbit / s ekuhambeni kunye ne-1Gbit / s. Ikwimo yokulala.
Simele sitsho ukuba le teknoloji isekelwe kwi-protocol ye-IP, ibe yi-supersystem kunye nothungelwano lwenethiwekhi ngokuba nokufumaneka kwendawo yokuhlangana phakathi kweentambo kunye neenethiwekhi ezingenazintambo.
Ukuguquguquka kobu buchwephesha kumda ongenakucingelwa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga impendulo ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nolukhawulezayo; Phakathi kwehlabathi lobuchwephesha ngeli xesha, ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwee-smartphones kuye kwaba yinto eyimfuneko kunye nesisiseko somthengi olungileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba unxibelelane nenyani ngaphandle kokubhenela ekusebenziseni esi sixhobo.
Isizukulwana sesihlanu 5G
Bubuchwephesha obuqulunqwe ngoku (2020) obumele umbono ophefumlelweyo ngoqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo.
Ibandakanya iprojekthi enqwenelekayo ukuba kwamanye amazwe, ixhathise ukulungelelaniswa kobuchwephesha obunjalo, kuba oorhulumente babo bacinga ukuba inokuchaphazela iindlela zokhuseleko kunye nezokhuselo, zibaguqule babe sisixhobo esinokuba sisixhobo somdla wabo kwaye ngakumbi, isithintelo kuyilo kunye noyilo. ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu. Ukuba uthanda izihloko eziphambili kwitekhnoloji, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde Technology Satellite
Impilo ikhankanyiwe njengomzekelo, ngoku ibethwe ngubhubhane. Luxanduva loorhulumente ukuyila izicwangciso-qhinga ezinxibeleleneyo kubungakanani bengxaki ekufuneka kujongwene nayo.
Urhulumente wase-United States uyathandabuza ukwamkela le teknoloji, ebeka izizathu zolongamo kunye nomdla karhulumente,
Kwicala lawo, amazwe afana neChile abonakalise umdla wokusebenzisa izibonelelo zobuchwepheshe ezibonelelwa ngolu phuhliso.
Imfonomfono yeselula ibe yinkonzo apho ulwazi lusisixhobo sokuxhaphaza kunye nokucokisa iziphumo zayo ukuphendula kwiinkxalabo ezivezwa bubunyani bethu behlabathi.
Ngubani na ngenkulungwane yokugqibela ukuba entendeni yesandla iinkonzo Internet, umbhalo kunye data ilizwi, imiyalezo, umthamo yokugcina abafowunelwa, iifoto, unomathotholo, TV, iividiyo, Office, iifayile PDF, izicelo WhatsApp kunye nabanye? .
Yonke into ebonakalisiweyo isinika umbono wesizinda kunye nokhuseleko njengemithombo ethembekileyo yokuthatha imingeni ikamva elisiphathele yona.
Sikubonisa imathiriyeli ye-audiovisual eyandisa oko kutyhilwe kweli nqaku.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3ZDjFWbdhY