Kwilizwe lendalo, isilwanyana ngasinye okanye isityalo ngasinye sikwindawo ethile yokuhlala kwaye oku kukuvumela ukugcinwa kohlobo ngexesha kunye nendawo. Okulandelayo, fumana ezona ntlobo zezityalo zamanye amazwe eArgentina ezithe zatshintsha ulungelelwaniso lwezityalo nezilwanyana kweli lizwe ngenxa yokungenelela komntu.
Iintlobo zamanye alapha eArgentina
Ngeenjongo ezintle okanye akunjalo, ngelishwa umntu uye wanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekuhlanganiseni izinto eziphilayo kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Ngelishwa, ukufika kwezi ntlobo zezityalo kubangele ukungalingani okuphawulekayo kwindawo yokuhlala yezidalwa eziphilayo, ukuguqula inkqubo yendalo yazo ukuya kwinqanaba lokubeka ubukho bazo emngciphekweni.
Ngokweempapasho ezikhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezeNdalo kunye noPhuhliso oluZinzileyo lwaseArgentina, ngeNkqubo yoLwazi lweSizwe malunga nolu hlobo lwezilwanyana, kukho malunga nama-700 ahlala kunye kweli lizwe. Ngokulandelayo, sicaphula ezili-12 kweziphambili ezifunyenweyo neziye zanda kuwo wonke ummandla waseArgentina.
Umvundla waseYurophu (lepus europaeus)
Ivela eYurophu, olu hlobo lwesilwanyana esanyisayo se-lagomorph sizala ngokukhawuleza, sibe nabantwana abaphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4 ngonyaka ukuya kwi-4 inzala, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda kwayo ngokukhawuleza kuMzantsi Melika.
Ukubonwa kwezi zilwanyana eArgentina kwaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ukwanda okugqithiseleyo kwabemi bayo, kunye nokuthanda kwayo ingca nezinye izityalo, kuye kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwicandelo lezolimo yaye kuye kwanciphisa ukutya kwezinye izilwanyana zalapho.
ixhama elibomvu (cervus elaphus)
Inyamakazi ebomvu yenye ye iintlobo ezihlaselayo eArgentina eziswe ukusuka eYurophu xa inkulungwane yama-XNUMX yayisanda kuqala ngenjongo yokwandisa umlinganiselo wokuzingela kwezilwanyana ezinkulu kunye nokuphucula iyantlukwano yebhayoloji yasekhaya.
Nangona kunjalo, abafuyi abazange bakwazi ukulawula ukuveliswa kweentlobo kwaye ikwazi ukwandisa kuwo wonke ummandla welizwe, ichaphazela kakhulu uluntu lwamahlathi. Abaphandi baqinisekisa ukuba kwizilwanyana ezithathwa njengabahlaseli, izilwanyana ezincelisayo ezisemhlabeni zimele ngaphantsi kwe-3% kodwa iqela le-taxonomic elinempembelelo enkulu eyonakalisayo yinyamazane ebomvu ene-29%.
Ubukho bazo buthintela uphuhliso lweentlobo zemithi ezixhaphakileyo, zenza kube lula ukungena kwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga kwaye, ngale ndlela, ziyingozi efihlakeleyo kwimfuyo kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezitya uhlaza ngokubanzi, ezizalelwa kumazwe ase-Argentina.
Ihagu yasendle (sus scrofa)
Njengexhama elibomvu, malunga nonyaka ka-1905, ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zisuka e-Eurasia naseMntla Afrika, zatshintshelwa kwi-Pampas yase-Argentina ukuze kunyuswe izinga lokuzingela kwezemidlalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kwazo okukhulu kuziguqule zaba sisibetho, zibangela iintlobo ezininzi zeempembelelo eziyingozi kubume bendalo. Okufana noku: ukukhuphisana ngamagalelo kunye neentlobo zendalo, ukuwohloka komhlaba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwembewu, ukukhuthaza ukungena kwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuhlaselwa kweentaka ezihamba kunye neendlwana zazo, kunye neenkomo ezincinci.
Ku iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezivela eArgentina, iihagu zasendle yinxalenye yoludwe lwezilwanyana ezisasaza izifunxi-gazi nezifo ezinokwenzakalisa umntu nezinye iintlobo zendalo.
I-mink yaseMelika (i-neovison mink)
I-Mink yaseMelika iphuma kwintsapho ye-mustelids, inxulumene ne-ferrets kunye ne-weasels, olu hlobo lwaziswa kumazwe ase-Argentina malunga ne-30s ukusuka e-United States of America.
Ekuqaleni yahlanganiswa ngeenjongo zoshishino kwimarike yoboya (uqheliselo olukhohlakeleyo olusebenzisa ulusu lwalo kwishishini lefashoni) kodwa emva kokungaphumeleli kweli nyathelo, i-minks yashiywa ngaphandle koluphi na uhlobo lolawulo, ivumela ukuveliswa kwayo ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokubangela ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo a umonakalo ombi wokusingqongileyo.
Ezi zilwanyana ziye zaba sesona sisoyikiso sokuphila kweentaka zamanzi kwiindawo ezisemazantsi, ngakumbi inzalelwane yasePatagonia ebizwa ngokuba yi "Maca tobiano", ehlasela amaqanda, amantshontsho kunye neentaka ezindala.
i-rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)
Ngenjongo yokuvuselela ukuloba njengomdlalo emilanjeni, kumachibi nasemachibini, i-rainbow trout yaziswa kweli lizwe ngeminyaka yoo-40 njengenye indlela yokhenketho kunye nethuba lokukhula kwemali kumaphondo ahlukeneyo e-Argentina Patagonia.
Ngenxa yeli nyathelo, iArgentina yaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele ngesi senzo, kangangokuba kukho amaqela eekholoji axakekileyo ehlangula abemi bolu didi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ekuqaleni ukuloba bekukugqithisa, oku kube nefuthe kwinzuzo yorhwebo kuluntu oluninzi njengoko imele ipesenti ephezulu yotyelelo lwabakhenkethi besizwe nabamazwe ngamazwe.
Kule mihla, ukuloba kuvunyelwe kuphela ngokubuya kwazo zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo ze-trout ePatagonia, kwaye ngandlela ithile oku kuye kwalawula ukwanda kwezi sampuli eziqhubeka zichaphazela izityalo zemveli kunye nezilwanyana zaseArgentina, njengoko zikhuphisana ngobuncwane kunye neentlobo zendalo, zide zifikelele ekunyamalaleni kwezinye zazo, ngokomzekelo: i-naked mojarra.
Ibeaver yaseKhanada (castor canadensis)
Ngeminyaka yee-40, i-Antarctica yase-Argentina yabona ukufika kwe-beaver yaseCanada. Ngokuchanekileyo kwingingqi ye-Tierra del Fuego, le mpuku imangalisayo yaziswa kweli lizwe ngolindelo lokukhuthaza ukukhula kwendawo ngokusetyenziswa kwesikhumba kunye noboya.
Ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo ezintle nezingaqhelekanga nazo ziphila emanzini kwaye njengendlela yokukhusela kunye nokuhlala zihlala zakha amadama amancinci emilanjeni, amachibi okanye amachibi aneziqu zemithi ezinempembelelo embi ekugcinweni kwamahlathi eTierra del Fuego, kunye nokuthintela. yokujikeleza kwamanzi.
Ngokufanayo, iibhiva ziyingozi enkulu kwizilwanyana ezihlala emanzini, nto leyo ebangela ukungazinzi okukhulu kwindawo yazo.
unomatse obomvu (callosciurus erythraeus)
Ekuqaleni ukusuka e-Asia, olu hlobo lwe-squirrel lwaziswa eBuenos Aires kwi-70 ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlobisa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akwaziwa ukuba ngubani onoxanduva, kodwa basasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe ngokugqithisileyo, ukulungelelanisa neendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo (zombini zendalo kunye nempucuko).
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yaba nonomatse ayiphelelanga ekulweni nezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni ngokutya nendawo, kodwa baye babangela ilahleko yezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemithi yeziqhamo, ukonakaliswa kwemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela, ukuqhawuka kweentambo zenkonzo karhulumente (umnxeba, umbane. , umabonakude, phakathi kwabanye)
inkanyezi eqhelekileyo (sturnus vulgaris)
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-80, inkanyezi eqhelekileyo yabonwa okokuqala eArgentina kwaye yakhawuleza yasasazeka kuwo wonke umhlaba welizwe. Le ntaka ivela e-Asia naseYurophu, kodwa ilungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo kwii-microclimates ezahlukeneyo zelizwe.
Impembelelo kwi-ecosystem yase-Argentina idityaniswe ngokusisiseko nokutya kwayo, ivelisa ilahleko enkulu kwicandelo lezolimo, ngenxa yokuba ingumthengi omkhulu wembewu neziqhamo.
Ngenxa yokhuphiswano lokutya nendawo yeentaka zomthonyama, iye yakwazi ukushenxisa iindidi ezibalulekileyo njengentaka yesizwe yaseArgentina. Echaphazela imvakalelo yokuthanda izwe yama-Argentina kwaye ibonisa ingozi enkulu ekusindeni kophawu lwembali yesizwe.
Bullfrog (lithobates catesbeinaus)
I-bullfrog yaziswa e-Argentina kwiminyaka ye-80, inzalelwane yaseMntla Melika kwaye yafudukela eMzantsi Melika ngenjongo yokuxhaphaza i-gastronomic.
Nangona kunjalo, inyama yabo ayizange ibe nengeniso kakhulu kwaye iSebe lezeMpilo alizange lincome ukuba lisetyenziswe ngenxa yokuba ngabathwali bentsholongwane evelisa igazi eliphuma emathunjini. Isizathu sokuba kutheni uhlobo lukhululwe.
Ukusasazeka kwabo kwaba ngumbulelo okhawulezayo kubuchule babo bokuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwindawo yokuhlala, bayimizekelo ephindaphinda ngokulula kwaye inonyamezelo olukhulu kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kweqanda.
Benza impembelelo eyonakalisayo kwindalo eyohlukeneyo yengingqi yaseArgentina, kuba bezondla kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo, ezirhubuluzayo, iintaka, izinambuzane kunye namasele kunye nezinye izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ngaphandle kwamarhamncwa endalo anokulawula abantu bazo.
Izilayidi zesilayidi ezinendlebe ebomvu (trachemys scripta elegans)
Izilayidi ezinendlebe ebomvu ziyinzalelwane yaseMntla Melika kwaye yenye yazo izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga eyona idumileyo ifunyenwe njengesilwanyana sasekhaya kwilizwekazi laseMelika. Nangona kungaqinisekanga ukuba banexesha elingakanani eArgentina, ukwanda kwabo kwabemi ngeminyaka yee-80 kwabonakala.
Ukwamkelwa ngokungenankathalo kolu didi kuye kwakhokelela ekuyekisweni kwayo kwiindawo eziye zavumela ukuzala kwayo ngokugqithiseleyo, okuchaphazela ngokukhethekileyo iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ekubeni zingamaxhoba ezityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini.
INkumba enkulu yaseAfrika (Achatina fulica)
Ayaziwa ukuba le ntlobo yafika njani kwaye nini kanye kumhlaba waseArgentina, nangona kunjalo, ziyaziwa ngenxa yokuba ziye zabangela impembelelo enkulu kwezolimo, ezichaphazela abavelisi abancinci abaxhomekeke kuyo ukuze baphile.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-2016, ezi cetaceans zahlasela imimandla yaseCorrientes kunye neMisiones, ivelisa isilumkiso sezempilo yoluntu e-Argentina, kuba abaninzi babo bahambisa i-parasite ebizwa ngokuba yi-Strongyloides stercoralis, edibaniswa nokuvela kwe-pathologies enjalo. njenge-strongyloidiasis kunye ne-meningitis.
Ikwayinxalenye yoluhlu lwe iintlobo ezihlaselayo eMexico, egqalwa njengesibetho esibuhlungu kummandla weCaribbean kuMzantsi Merika. Impembelelo eveliswa zezi ntlobo kwi-ikhosistim, indawo yokuhlala ingakumbi kwiintlobo zezityalo zendalo inkulu.
Tamarisk (tamarix)
Nangona isisityalo, yenye yeentlobo ezingaqhelekanga eArgentina ukusuka kuLwandle lweMeditera, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindawo yokuhlala yaseMendoza njengoko ibekwe kufuphi nemilambo efunxa amanzi amaninzi ukuba aphuhlise, nto leyo ibangela ukutyunjwa kwetyuwa. Umhlaba kwaye uphambukise ukunkcenkceshela ukusuka kumasimi.
