Kweli nqaku ndiza kuthetha kancinci malunga nayo yonke into enxulumene ne ISigqeba sasezulwini , ukusuka kwintsingiselo yayo, umgama obonakalayo, izinto zayo zeenkwenkwezi, phakathi kwezinye iinkalo zokubaluleka okukhulu kubathandi be-cosmos kunye ne-physics.
ISikhathi saseZulwini
ISigqeba seSibhakabhaka si inqanaba elifanelekileyo, ngaphandle kweradiyasi echaziweyo, esembindini weglowubhu esemhlabeni, ekucingelwa ukuba zihamba kuwo iinkwenkwezi. Ukufikelela kumfuziselo wezalathiso apho izinto zasezulwini zifunyanwa khona; le yindlela i-engile eyenziwe ngayo i-orientation ezimbini iyakubonakaliswa yi-arc yesangqa esikhulu kulo mhlaba.
Ngamanye amazwi, yi uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesibhakabhaka njengesigqubuthelo esingqukuva apho iinkwenkwezi zibonakala zicwangcisiwe, kwaye umbindi wale ngqukuva ngowendawo apho umbonisi akhoyo.
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IiMpawu ezi-5 zeNqanaba laseZulwini
Ezinye zeempawu zayo zezi:
1. Inkangeleko eSquashed
Ummandla weSibhakabhaka unenkangeleko etshoneyo kwicala elithe nkqo kule ndawo, ekubeni iinkwenkwezi ezivele ngentla kombonisi zibonisa ukukhanya okukhulu kunezo zikufutshane nendawo. Oku kudala inkohliso ye-optical eqikelela kwi iinkwenkwezi ezizayo elundini phayaa ziqelelene kakhulu kunezo zime ngumbukeli.
2. Ukukhanya okuphantsi
Unobangela osebenzayo wokukhanya okusezantsi kweyangaphambili kukuba imitha yokukhanya ethe tyaba inqumla ngakumbi ulwandiso lwe umoya, kanjalo inxenye yokukhanya kwawo ithe saa; oku kuzikhuthaza ukuba zibonakale iinkwenkwezi eziethe-ethe ngakumbi, kwaye kuphela ngokuchwayita okubonakalayo, kude ngakumbi.
3. Ukumela
Olona phawu lugqibeleleyo lweNqanaba leSibhakabhaka luye lwaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iiplanethiriyamu, ezinezixhobo zokukhanya ezilawulwayo, zicwangciswa ngendlela isikrini esikhulu phezu kophahla lweplanethirium ngee-symmetries ezikhethekileyo kunye nombukeli unokubona okufanayo njengoko ebona ubusuku obuneenkwenkwezi ngexesha elimiselweyo kunye nendawo emnyama.
4. Umgama ocacileyo
En iAstrometry, umgama obonakalayo ubonisa iidigri ezibalwe yi-arc ye-Celestial Sphere edlula isibini seenkwenkwezi. Umgama obonakalayo phakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezimbini unikezwa ngumgama wazo ongama-angular obalwe kwiSigaba seSibhakabhaka.
5. Idayimitha ebonakalayo
Idayamitha ebonakalayo kukwahlulwa kwe-angular yezinto ezimbini ezibonwayo ezirekhodwe kugqithiso lwedayamitha yedisk ecingelwayo inkwenkwezi.
Iimpawu zeDiameter ezicacileyo
Ezinye zeempawu zayo zezi:
1.Iyahambelana ngokulinganayo kumgama owahlulayo kumbukeli.
2. Iidamitha ezicacileyo ezimbini iinkwenkwezi ezingalinganiyo, ibekwe kumgama olinganayo ukusuka kumbonisi, zilingana ngokuthe ngqo neediameter zazo zokwenyani.
Izinto ezi-6 zeNkwenkwezi
KwiSigaba seSibhakabhaka kukho ulandelelwano lwezinto ezisisiseko ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana kunye nokulungisa iindawo ezitshintshwayo kunye nendawo yombukeli, ezinye zezi zinto zezi:
1. Indawo ethe nkqo
Ingumgca othe tye odlula embindini weNdawo yasezulwini kunye nendawo ye indawo yomhlaba apho akhoyo umakhi-mkhanyo.
2. Zenith
Yindawo yokuhlangana phakathi kokuthe nkqo kwe indawo kunye neNqanaba laseZulwini.
3.Nadir
Yinqaku elingaphandle kwe-zenith.
4. Indawo Skyline
Yintlanganiso yenqwelomoya esecaleni kwe khomba kumphezulu we Umhlaba kunye neSigqeba sasezulwini. Ngoko ke imi nkqo ukuya nkqo kwelo nqaku, kwaye ichaza ummandla weSigaba seSikhathi esibonwa ngumbonisi.
5. Iimeridians zasezulwini
Yimpembelelo ye i-meridians kwi-sphere UCeleste.
6. Ukufana kwasezulwini
Yintelekelelo yeengqamaniso kwingqukuva yesibhakabhaka. I Ikhweyitha yasezulwini, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezi zingqamanisi, ikwayimpembelelo yeikhweyitha kummandla wesibhakabhaka.
Intshukumo yeDiurnal yeSphere yaseZulwini
Yintshukumo yeSigaba seSibhakabhaka esijongwe ekupheleni kosuku olunye. Yintshukumo ecingelwayo yokujikeleza okufanayo, ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona, ngenxa yentshukumo yokwenyani ye ukujikeleza koMhlaba ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Ngoko ke, kuye kuthetha zonke izidalwa zasezulwini. Kule ntshukumo yansuku zonke, iinkwenkwezi zigcina iimbono zazo, zilumkisa yonke ingqukuva yesibhakabhaka esixeliweyo.
Inkangeleko yeSibhakabhaka kwiiNdawo ezahlukeneyo
Ukuhamba ukusuka kwelinye i-hemisphere ukuya kwelinye, utshintsho kwinkangeleko yesibhakabhaka sobusuku boMhlaba kubonwa. Amanye amaqela eenkwenkwezi esihlala sisohlula ayayeka ukubonakala xa uhambisa i i-ikhweyitha esemhlabeni, kuvela entsha. Oku kuphakamisa udweliso lwenkangeleko yesibhakabhaka ngokwendawo yomntu obukeleyo:
I-Oblique Sphere
Ingqamana nababukeli abasemhlabeni ngobubanzi obufikelelwe phakathi kwe-0° kunye ne-90°, zombini i-positive kunye ne-negative. Umntu obukeleyo obekwe nakwesiphi na kwezi zibanzi uya kubona ukuba zonke iinkwenkwezi zibalisa izangqa ezithambekileyo ngokuphathelele kwiplanethi yesibhakabhaka. Kuphela ziinkwenkwezi ezingaphandle kwendawo ephakamileyo yomboniso iindlela ezipheleleyo ngaphezulu komphezulu kwaye udale iqela leenkwenkwezi ezihlala ziqondakala: ziinkwenkwezi ezijikelezayo.
Ngqo Sphere
Ihambelana nababukeli ababekwe kwisibanzi esingu-Q=0. Le ngqukuva inento ekhethekileyo yokuba kweso sikhundla zonke iinkwenkwezi ziyabonakala. Kule meko, akukho poli ibalaseleyo, kuba i-axis yehlabathi ihleli elundini, kwaye izibonda ziyavumelana Amanqaku ekhadinali Emantla nasezantsi.
Parallel Sphere
Kuxhomekeke kumkhi-mkhanyo obekwe kwenye yeyiphi na iipali zomhlaba, apho kuphela iinkwenkwezi ezikuloo hemisphere enye ezifumaneka kuyo eziya kubonakala. Kule meko, i-equator ihambelana ne-horizon kunye ne-axis yendalo yonke kunye nomgca weZenit-Nadir.
Iinkwenkwezi ezikufuphi Ngaphezulul Ekhuwado bachaza izangqa ezihambelana ne-horizon ezibangela ukuba zonke zibe setyhula: ngokuchaseneyo, iinkwenkwezi ezihlala phantsi kwe-ikhweyitha ziya kuhlala zingabonakali.
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Inkqubo yoLungelelaniso lweZulu
Eyona mfuneko isisiseko yokufunda ngesibhakabhaka kukufumanisa ukuba ziphi na izinto. Ukuze zibonise indawo esikuyo isibhakabhaka, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zaphucula iinkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulungelelanisa. Ngamnye uphethe igridi yeezembe eziqikelelweyo kummandla wesibhakabhaka, ngokufanayo nenkqubo yolungelelwaniso lwejografi ephathwayo umphezulu womhlaba.
Ulungelelwaniso luyimntwiso imigama yenqaku ukuya kumazembe amabini okanye imigca eqhelekileyo komnye nomnye kunye ne iinkqubo zokulungelelanisa abalingani kuphela ekuvoteleni inqwelomoya esisiseko, eyahlula isibhakabhaka sibe ngama-hemispheres alinganayo kunye nesangqa.
Inkqubo nganye yokulungelelanisa ifumana igama layo ngokusekelwe kwinqwelo-moya yayo esisiseko, ithathela ingqalelo kwimeko nganye indiza ebalulekileyo kunye nemvelaphi eyahlukileyo. Inqwelo-moya esisiseko imiselwa sesona sangqa siphezulu esiqikelelwayo njengesalathiso; Kwinqwelo-moya nganye, i-axis engundoqo ikwachazwa, ehlala ithe tye kwinqwelomoya kwaye edla ngokudlula kumbukeli.
Inkqubo yoLungelelaniso oluthe tye
Isebenzisa i-horizon yendawo yombukeli njengendawo yangasemva. Oku ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula isibhakabhaka sibe a ihemisphere ephezulu enokuthi ihlolwe, kunye ne-hemisphere ephantsi ehlala ifihliwe.
Inkqubo yokulungelelanisa ethe tyaba idityaniswe kuMhlaba, hayi kwiinkwenkwezi. Ke ngoko, ukuphakama kunye ne-azimuth yento iyatshintshana nexesha, njengoko into ibonakala ihamba esibhakabhakeni. Kwakhona, ekubeni inkqubo ethe tyaba igqitywe yi-horizon yombukeli, into efanayo ebonwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eMhlabeni ngexesha elinye iya kuba nokungalingani. ukuphakama kunye namaxabiso azimuth.
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Ukuqukumbela, kubalulekile ukwazi nganye kwezi datha okanye izinto ezikwiNdawo yasezulwini, kuba ngale ndlela sinokumisela zonke iziganeko zequbuliso ezinokuthi ziveliswe kuyo. iinkwenkwezi.