Izityalo zimela omnye weyona mithombo iphambili yokutya kwabantu, kukho iintlobo zeziqhamo eziyimfuneko ekutyeni kwabantu, omnye wemithi efunwa kakhulu ngumthi welamuni, odume kakhulu ngeziqhamo zawo zesitrasi kananjalo nokuba sisityalo idinga ukhathalelo oluninzi, ekubeni ibonakaliswe kwinani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziyonakalisayo, ngoko makhe sifunde ngezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zemithi yelamuni esizichazayo kwinqaku elilandelayo.
umthi welamuni
Izityalo zimela into efanelekileyo kuphuhliso loluntu, ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-evolution yoluntu, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba banoxanduva lokuqhuba inkqubo ye-biochemical ye-photosynthesis, ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyimfuneko kubo bonke. izinto eziphilayo. Ukongezelela, izityalo zingomnye wemithombo ephambili yokutya, ngokubonelela ngeziqhamo ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwabantu, kulo mzekelo iintlobo zemithi ye-lemon zivelele.
Umthi we-lemon ngumthi omncinci weziqhamo ezihlala ixesha elide (awulahlekelwa ngamagqabi awo ngexesha lokutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka), isiqhamo sawo saziwa kakhulu ngokuba neasidi kunye nencasa enevumba elimnandi, esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekutyeni. Ludidi lweentlobo ezandisiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele, luziqhelanisa ngokulula neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemihlaba kwaye luyamelana neemeko zemozulu, nangona aluqhelekanga ukuphila kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi.
Olu hlobo lwesityalo lolosapho lweRutaceae kunye neCitrus genus, yiyo loo nto saziwa njengeCitrus x Limón, ngakumbi ngenxa yeempawu zeziqhamo zaso. Ngokutsho kwezifundo, bacinga ukuba luhlobo lwendalo oluvela e-Asiya kummandla osempuma, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentlobo kunye nemixube enika iindidi zeziqhamo ngokumila kunye nobukhulu.
Umthi welamuni ngumthi onokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-6 ubude, unesiqu esibhityileyo, amagqabi anesikhumba esithambileyo esinobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-10 centimeters kunye nomphetho ojijekileyo, uneentyantyambo ezimhlophe, ezinevumba elimnandi kwaye ziqhele ukuhluma ngambini. (afane abe yedwa); ixesha elibonisa ezona ntyatyambo zininzi kusentlakohlaza kodwa iiglowubhu ezininzi zinokujongwa unyaka wonke.
Isiqhamo sawo, esaziwa ngokuba yilamuni, siluhlaza ekuqaleni size sijike sibe tyheli, sigqalwa njengowona mtsalane mkhulu walo mthi, yiyo loo nto ufunwa kakhulu ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zesondlo namayeza, phakathi kwezinye. Ngenxa yoku, kukho inani elikhulu lezityalo ezizinikezele ekufumaneni iziqhamo zayo kwaye zinokubonwa nakwizitiya ezincinci njengesityalo seziqhamo zokuhombisa.
Olu hlobo lomthi lufuna ukugqalwa ngokwaneleyo elangeni kwaye lutyalwe kwindawo ezishushu, luqaqambisa into yokuba luyakwazi ukumelana neqondo eli-6 ngokukaCelsius. Kufuneka incenkceshelwe kakhulu, ngakumbi ehlotyeni, apho kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufefe amagqabi esityalo ngamanzi kwaye uyigcine ifumile kangangoko. Uhlobo lomhlaba olusetyenzisiweyo kukhethwa ukuba lube ngulowo uxutywe ne-25% yesanti, i-25% yepeat kunye ne-50% ye-litter yamagqabi, nangona unokuqhelaniswa lula naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba.
Umthi welamuni uneempawu ezintle njengomthi weziqhamo, yiyo loo nto ufunwa kakhulu, kodwa uqaqambisa into yokuba uneziphene ezimbini eziphawuleka kakhulu, okokuqala, ukumelana kwawo okuphantsi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye okwesibini, izinambuzane ezithanda ukubambelela kuzo. Kulula kakhulu, kuzisa iziphumo ezinobungozi kwisityalo.
Izifo zoMthi weLemon
Imithi yeLamuni luhlobo lwemithi yesitrasi esetyenziswa ngabantu, okokuqala ukufumana iziqhamo zabo, bamele owona mthombo wokutya komntu, kodwa ikwabalasele ngokufuna ukhathalelo olukhulu ukuze bagcine iimeko zabo zokuhlala. isityalo. Ngokubhekiselele ikakhulu kwizinambuzane kunye nezifo ezibambelela kuyo, ngezantsi siza kuxubusha kancinci malunga nezifo ezichaphazela kakhulu zomthi weLemon:
Alternaria Alternata
Olu hlobo lwesifo luveliswa yi-Alternaria ye-fungus, luhlobo lwe-ascomycete fungus, olu didi luyaziwa ngokuba luninzi lwezityalo ze-pathogens. Isenokuchaphazela abantu, ifunyanwe ngaphakathi emakhayeni kwaye ivelise i-rhinitis ye-aleji kunye nokuchaphazela iityhubhu ze-bronchial ukubangela ukuhlaselwa sisifuba. Ziluhlobo lwefungus njengama-spores kwindalo kwaye zithuthwa ngomoya, ngoko ke kukho ukubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo kuyo.
I-Alternaria spores inqunyanyiswa emoyeni, idibana nomhlaba, izinto, amanzi, kwaye ikakhulukazi izityalo; ngokubambelela kule yokugqibela, ivelisa amathanga amade akhula ngokubonakalayo ngemibala emnyama nengwevu, ewenza buthathaka umthi ukusa kwinqanaba lokufa. Ukuwohloka kubonakala ekuqaleni emagqabini kwaye ekugqibeleni kwisiqu, luhlobo lwesifo oluhamba ngokukhawuleza; Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela komthi ukuphilisa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
Usizi Virus
Olu hlobo lwesifo lukhethekile kwi-citrus, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-citrus usizi. Ithathwa njengesona sifo siyingozi kakhulu kumthi we-lemon, kuba sinokusibulala isityalo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ibangelwa yintsholongwane yeClosteroviridae kwaye isasazwa ikakhulu ziintwala, sisinambuzane esincinci esifana kakhulu neentakumba, zitya izityalo de zibe ziparasitize okanye zizingcolise ngentsholongwane.
Intsholongwane yosizi ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, okokuqala ukujonga ubuthathaka bomthi, imveliso ephantsi kakhulu, idubula ngaphandle kwexesha lonyaka kwaye ingavumeli ukukhula kwawo kuqhubeke. Ithathwa njengentsholongwane enobundlobongela kakhulu, ibulala umthi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, nangona kukho iimeko apho umthi we-citrus ufa kwiiveki nje ezintathu. Alukho unyango lwesi sifo, umlinganiselo ocetyiswayo kukugawulwa komthi ochatshazelwe yintsholongwane kwaye uwutshise phambi kokuba ungcolise ezinye iintlobo.
exocortis
Sisifo esisuka kwi-citrus exocortis viroid (CEVD) imele imeko ebonwa kakhulu kwimithi yesitrasi, ebangelwa kukungakhathalelwa ngokwaneleyo kwezityalo zezityalo. Yi-agent ye-pathogenic ehlasela ngokukhethekileyo i-kalika, i-lemon kunye neentlobo zemithi ye-pummelo, ichaphazela ukuya kwinqanaba lokuvelisa izikali kunye neentanda ezithe nkqo kwindawo yexolo, ibangela amabala atyheli kunye namahlumelo aluhlaza, okuchaphazela ukukhula kwesityalo de ivelisa ubuncinci.
Le ntsholongwane inciphisa ubomi besityalo kodwa igqame ngokuwohloka ngokucothayo, ngaphezu kokuphembelela izivuno zemithi yesitrasi echaphazelekayo. Unyango lwezi meko kukugawula umthi kwaye uwutshise, ukuphepha ngamaxesha onke ukuba unokudlulisela intsholongwane kwezinye iintlobo ezikufutshane; Ngendlela efanayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane iintlobo zemithi yelamuni ngaphandle kwentsholongwane ye-exocortis kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokuthena ezihlanjululwayo.
I-penicillium
I-Penicillium ithathwa njengesifo esixhaphake kakhulu kwiintlobo zomthi we-lemon, luhlobo lwefuthe eliqala ngobukho bomngundo oluhlaza okanye omhlophe ochaphazela ezo iilamuni eziwileyo, olu hlobo lokungunda lwaziwa ngokuba yiPenicillium Italicum. Olu hlobo lwefungus luchaphazela kuphela isiqhamo somthi, apho i-spores esemoyeni, ihleli kwisiqhamo esiphilileyo, idlula esikhumbeni sayo kwaye ibole.
Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonakaliswa kwisiqhamo ziindawo ezijikelezayo zokungunda esikhumbeni sesiqhamo, zisasazeka kuyo yonke into de ibole. Kuthathwa lula ukujongana nolu hlobo lwesifo, kuba kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwe-fungicide esekelwe kubhedu efunekayo ukulwa nolu hlobo lokubumba kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yesityalo.
Psoriasis
I-Psoriasis luhlobo lwesifo esidluliselwa yintsholongwane efumaneka emoyeni kwaye ichaphazela indawo yangaphandle yesityalo.Kuyimfuneko ukuba ibonise ukuba ichaphazela abantu, ivelisa iingxaki ezinzulu kakhulu zesikhumba. Kwimeko yezityalo, zibonakalisa izikali kumasebe nakwi-trunk, kwamanye amazwe kuthathwa njengokubulalayo ngenxa yempembelelo yemozulu kunye neemeko zendawo.
Imithi ye-lemon echaphazelekayo ngolu hlobo lwesifo ibonakala kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, apho inxalenye yexolo lomthi iqala ukukhupha kwaye nokuba i-gummosis inokubonwa, eyona nto iyaziwa ngokukhupha okuqhubekayo ngendlela yerabha kwi amasebe kunye neziqu, ithathwa njengoluhlobo lomngundo oluchaphazela ngokungangqalanga ulusu lwangaphakathi lwesityalo esivezwayo. Akukho nonyango oluchanekileyo lwesi sifo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlambe iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye uzigubungele ngeyeza elifanelekileyo.
Izinambuzane zeLamuni
Ukuchaphazeleka kwezityalo zithathwa njengento engenakuphepheka ngenxa yokuba zibonakaliswe ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo nomoya, amanzi kunye nemitha yelanga, ibe yenye yeendlela eziphambili ezisetyenziswa yibhaktheriya kunye ne-microorganisms ezichaphazela izityalo, kule nto. Xa kunjalo siya kuzazi ezinye zezona zinambuzane ziphambili ezihlala zibambelela kwimithi yelamuni kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu kwimithi yesitrasi:
UMinelayer
Abasebenzi basezimayini bathathwa njengezinambuzane zezinambuzane ezihlala zinezicubu zamagqabi njengendawo yazo yendalo, ebangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizityalo kunye negadi. Zizintlobo ezinzima kakhulu ukuphelisa ngenxa yokuba zenza ukhuseleko kwi-insecticide ngokutyisa ngaphakathi kwezicubu zamagqabi omthi, kodwa azibi ngokukhawuleza umthi ngenxa yokuba ziqala ukutya kwiindawo ezinobuncinci be-cellulose.
Imithi yeLamuni luhlobo oluchatshazelwa kakhulu ngabembi bamagqabi, lunempembelelo ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na iindidi zemithi enamagqabi amancinane kakhulu. Enye yeempawu eziphambili zobukho be-leafminer ngamachokoza amdaka, apho amagqabi aphela eqengqeleka de abune aze awe emthini. Kukho iindlela zokulwa kusetyenziswa i-Neem Oil okanye amanye amazwe asebenzisa izityalo zomgibe malunga neentlobo ukukhusela.
Zintwala
Intwala sisinambuzane esincinci kakhulu (0,5 centimeters ubude) sosapho lwesinambuzane, sifana kakhulu neentakumba kodwa i-taxonomy yazo yahluke ngokupheleleyo, isitya izityalo kwaye ekugqibeleni iyazitshabalalisa, zizinambuzane ezinemibala eyahluka-hlukeneyo phakathi kohlaza, tyheli kunye. mnyama. Bamele esinye sezona zinambuzane zibalulekileyo ezibeka izityalo emngciphekweni kwaye zikhetha kakhulu imithi yesitrasi.
Zibonakala kwezo ndawo zinomthamo ophezulu wokufuma kokusingqongileyo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi kwe-15 degrees celcius. Zihlala kwiintyatyambo kunye namathupha azo, zibangela ukuba zingaphumeleli ukuvelisa amagqabi amatsha kwaye iziqhamo zazo zichatshazelwa kukuvela kokukhubazeka ngenxa yoku azinakudliwa. Kucetyiswa ukuba usithintele ngokugalela amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kwisityalo, kodwa ukuba sele zikhona iintwala, inokunyangwa ngeNeem Oil.
I-Cottony Mealybug
Ihambelana nohlobo lwesinambuzane esinemilo embhoxo, ngaphezu kokuba ne-cottony cover, le silika inoxanduva lokukhusela amaqanda ayo. Luhlobo lwesitshabalalisi esichaphazela izityalo zezityalo, ingakumbi ezo zinesitrasi kunye nezithwala iziqhamo. Icottony mealybug ixhaphake kakhulu ehlotyeni, ikakhulu ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemekobume eyomileyo.
Izityalo zisebenzisa ixesha lasehlotyeni ukugqiba ukukhula ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba zibe sesichengeni semozulu ebandayo, ngoko ke kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngeli xesha kuba zinokusichaphazela kakhulu isityalo. Nayiphi na impazamo ngeli xesha lokunyamekela umthi we-lemon kunokubangela ukuba i-cottony mealybug ihlasele ngokukodwa ngaphantsi kwamagqabi kunye neziqu.
Indlela yokulwa nazo kukusebenzisa i-ecological insecticides apho zihlala zixutywa kwiindawo ezilinganayo zamanzi kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol, konke oku kwibhotile ye-litha enye, emva koko kufuneka kufakwe icephe lesepha yokuhlambela izitya okanye isepha kumxube, ekugqibeleni ugubungele. ibhotile kunye nokuvuselela; Lo mxube kufuneka utshizwe kumthi welamuni njengonyango oluchasene ne-cochineal.
Isigcawu esibomvu
Isigcawu esibomvu sihambelana nengolwane etya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, zilinganisa malunga neesentimitha eziyi-0,5 kwaye zinombala obomvu odla ngokuthandwa kakhulu kwindawo ezishushu kunye nezo zomileyo ehlotyeni. Ibonakala ngokuvelisa iintambo zentambo apho isinambuzane sisuka egqabini siye egqabini, yiyo loo nto sinokubhidaniswa nezigcawu.
Azilohlobo lwezinambuzane kodwa zinokuba yingozi kakhulu, kuba zinokusenza buthathaka isityalo ngokusoloko zisondla kwiiseli zaso; Olu hlobo lwengolwane luhlala kumathanga angaphantsi kwamagqabi, apho luvelisa imicu yesilika eninzi. Kukho iindlela zokuziphepha nokuzilawula kwaye lo ngumgibe wechromatic otyheli, obekwe kufutshane nomthi.
Ezinye iingxaki
Umthi welamuni uhambelana nodidi lomthi we-citrus oxhathisayo kodwa kufuneka ubenokhathalelo olucokisekileyo kwaye ngakumbi kulondolozo lweziqhamo zawo zonke, ngamanye amaxesha izinambuzane zidla ngokuhlasela olu didi hayi ngokwendalo kodwa ngenxa yeempazamo kukhathalelo kwaye zibangele ukuba zibambelele. ukumgulisa. Eminye yale miba ibonakaliswe ngezantsi:
Amaphepha atyheli
Yenye yezinto ezichaphazela imithi yelamuni ekhoyo, imithambo-luvo eluhlaza yamagqabi ijongwa kwaye oku kunxulunyaniswa nokunqongophala kwe-iron, ukuphepha obu bunzima xa kusenziwa izichumiso ezityebileyo kule minerali, ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zibangele kukugqithisa kwe-iron. ukunkcenkceshela okubangela ukulahleka kwesondlo ngokubaleka, ngokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokunkcenkceshela umthi uya kuphila ngokukhawuleza.
Amagqabi alahlekelwa ngumbala
Ukungabikho kombala wamagqabi ngumba obangelwa kukungabikho kokukhanya, ngokubeka isityalo kwindawo enokukhanya okukhulu kuya kubuyisela umbala wayo wendalo.
ukuwa kwegqabi
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezikhokelela ekuwa kwamagqabi emthini we-lemon, eyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu yinguqu yesiquphe kwiqondo lokushisa, ukuvezwa kwemisinga yomoya, ukungabikho kwamanzi okanye ukufa kwendalo kwesityalo; Ukunciphisa ilahleko yamagqabi emthini, kucetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukubeka iindawo ezidibeneyo kumagqabi kwaye ugcine kude needrafti ebusika.
Isityalo asikhuli
Kwimeko apho ingaphakathi embizeni, inokuthi ibangelwa kukuba isityalo asinaso indawo yokwandisa iingcambu zaso, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe ngokufanelekileyo ngamaxesha entwasahlobo apho amaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-15 degrees Celsius. Nangona ukuba ifunyenwe kwimiyezo, ukungabikho kokukhula kungabangelwa ukungabikho kwesichumisi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umgquba wezilwanyana okanye i-guano.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo, sikushiyela abanye abaya kuba nomdla kuwe ngokuqinisekileyo: