Kukho izifo ezinokuchaphazela amahashe abangaziyo abambalwa. Enye yazo yiEquine Encephalitis, esasazwa yintsholongwane enokukhokelela kubunzima obahlukeneyo kumahashe nakubantu, ukuvelisa umkhuhlane ukuya ekufeni ngenxa yokudumba kwengqondo. Ngokuqhubeka ufunda eli nqaku uya kukwazi ukufunda ngakumbi ngeEquine Encephalitis. Sukuphoswa yiyo!
i-encephalitis ye-equine
I-Equine encephalitis yintsholongwane eyingozi kakhulu echaphazela amahashe kunye nabantu. Iintaka, nangona zisulelekile, zifumana isifo ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ngaphandle kwesequelae. Kule mihlathi ilandelayo siza kwabelana ngedatha enomdla malunga nento eyaziwayo malunga nale ntsholongwane, kwindawo ehlala kuyo, ilizwekazi laseMelika, libuphelise ubomi bamahashe amaninzi. Kamva siza kungena kwiinkcukacha zeempawu zayo, unyango lwayo kunye nendlela yokuthintela usulelo lwayo.
Yintoni iEquine Encephalitis?
I-Equine encephalitis okanye i-equine encephalomyelitis sisifo semvelaphi yentsholongwane amahashe, iintaka kunye nabantu abanokubandezeleka kuso, yiyo loo nto ibonwa njenge-zoonotic pathology. Esi sifo sineentlobo ezine, zonke ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-Alphavirus genus, apho ezintathu zokuqala zikhona kwilizwekazi laseMelika:
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
- Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
- I-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
- I-West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Iindidi zasempuma nasentshona zezona zosulelo kwaye ziyingozi kumaqela amathathu ezilwanyana ezinokulimaza. Kwelinye icala, xa i-Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis ibonakala, yohlulwe yaziindidi ezininzi, ezi zithathwa ngokuba zinobuqhophololo kwaye zimbalwa ezinobungozi bamahashe kunye nabantu.
Izizathu
Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-equine encephalitis ziyinxalenye yohlobo olufanayo, oluxhathisa kancinci kakhulu kwindawo yangaphandle, ngoko ke azithathi xesha lide xa zingosuleli umzimba. Ekuqaleni, ezi ntsholongwane zihlala ngaphakathi kuhlobo oluthile lweengcongconi ezidla ngokubulala iintaka zasendle kunye nezasekhaya ezixhaphake sesi sifo, ngokuqhelekileyo zingenazo iimpawu, ezingakhe zilume abantu okanye ezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Ingxaki ibonakala xa amaqondo obushushu enyuka kwindawo abahlala kuyo zize ezinye iintlobo zeengcongconi ezingasindiyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi zibonakale. Le ngqokelela entsha yeengcongconi inokuluma zombini iintaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, isasaza esi sifo phakathi kwazo.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-equine encephalitis ziye zibonakale njengayo nayiphi na enye i-encephalitis. I-EEE, rhoqo, yi-pathology emfutshane kwaye ibulala kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuphuhliswa kweempawu zezi:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ihashe alinamdla
- Ukudakumba kubonakaliswa kwisilwanyana
- Intloko yakhe ibonisa indawo ewileyo ngokumalunga nomzimba
- Iinkophe kunye nemilebe zihlala zibhijekile
- Umbono wakho wokubona utshintshile
- Ihashe libeka imilenze yalo ukuze ibe kude enye kwenye
- Iintshukumo ezizenzekelayo ziqala njengoko ingqondo iqala ukudumba
- Uphethwe yi-ataxia, paresxia kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukukhubazeka
- Isilwanyana silala phantsi, sixhuzule kwaye sitshabalale
Iintlobo zeEquine Encephalitis
Apha ngezantsi siza kuphonononga iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-equine encephalitis ezikhoyo kwaye, ubukhulu becala, ziseka indawo yazo okanye ubukhali bosulelo olunokwenzeka:
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Igama layo kungenxa yokuba eyona ndawo iphambili yosulelo ihlala ikwimpuma ye-United States, ngakumbi, eFlorida. Ingqokelela enkulu yemigxobhozo, amachibi kunye nemigxobhozo iyenza ibe yindawo yokosulela lula, kuba ingcongconi eyisasaza iyiCulex Melanura, njengezinye ezifana neCuliseta okanye iAedes, iqheleke kakhulu kwimigxobhozo eqinileyo kunye namanzi. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, isasazeke kwezinye izizwe zaseCaribbean, kunye naseCanada nakwezinye iindawo zaseMzantsi Melika.
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
I-Western equine encephalitis yenye iindidi zale pathology edla ngokuveliswa kwakhona ziingcongconi, ezifana neCulex okanye iCuliseta. Kwimeko yakhe, ubonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okugula kunye nokufa. Njengomthetho jikelele, ibenzakalise kancinci abantu, ngelixa iyingozi ngakumbi kumahashe, kwaye izehlo zobhubhani zihlala zisenzeka kwiindawo ezinje ngoMntla Merika, iArgentina, iBrazil okanye iUruguay.
I-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
I-Venezuelan equine encephalitis ifumene le nkonzo yokuba yenye yemimandla eqhelekileyo, kunye nezinye izizwe ezijikelezileyo zaseMelika ezifana ne-Ecuador, iMexico, iPeru, i-Ecuador okanye iTrinidad, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisehlathini. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yosulelo iyafana naleyo yeencephalitis yasempuma, njengeempawu zayo. Iingcongconi ezidla ngokusasaza le ntsholongwane ziiAedes, Culex Portesi kunye nePsorophora ferox.
I-West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iintlobo equine encephalitis, West Nile Virus uzibonakalisa kunye nezinye iimpawu okanye iintlobo zosulelo ukongeza ingcongconi ukuziluma ngokwayo, ezifana kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa igazi, ukuncancisa okanye uqhaqho kwaye nkqu ngokudibana neenkomo. Ukongeza koku, inokufikelela ngakumbi ngenxa yokufuduka kweentaka, ekwazi ukufikelela phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi esi sijikelezi-langa nakuzo zonke iintlanga. Isasazwa ziingcongconi ezifana neCulex, iOchlerotatus okanye iPsorophora.
Uxilongo
Emva kokubona iimpawu eziboniswa lihashe elosulelwe yile ntsholongwane, ugqirha wezilwanyana unokuvavanya uhlobo oluthile losulelo oluyonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsholongwane kwaye, ngokukodwa, intsholongwane ebangela i-equine encephalitis, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukuhlukaniswa kwentsholongwane kwiindidi zeeseli okanye kwiigundane ezincancisayo.
Iisampulu zithathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid yezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, nangona iisampulu zezicubu zemithambo-luvo zinokuthathwa ukuba isilwanyana sele sibhubhile. Iimvavanyo ze-ELISA okanye ukukhulisa i-RNA yi-PCR (i-Polymerase Chain Reaction) ziindlela zokuxilonga ezikhawulezayo, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiilabhoratri ezininzi.
Unyango
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiingxaki ze-equine encephalitis kukuba akukho unyango olusebenzayo lokuphelisa intsholongwane, ngoko ke umlinganiselo ongcono wokuthintela isifo kukuthintela. Ngaloo ndlela, xa kukho imeko eqinisekisiweyo ye-equine encephalitis, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukwahlula isilwanyana kunye nokucoca indawo, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iimiyane zijikeleze apho ezinokusasaza isifo.
Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi ngokuchasene neentsholongwane kwaye akukho chiza laziwa lisebenza njenge-antiviral yesi sifo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, unyango lokunciphisa kunye nokuxhasa lusetyenziswa, njengokulaliswa esibhedlele kwehashe, inkxaso yokuphefumula, unyango lwe-fluid kunye nokuthintela usulelo olubambisayo.
IEquine Encephalitis kunye neGonyo layo
Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-equine encephalitis kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo:
- Ugonyo lwe-Methodical lwawo onke amahashe anezitofu zokugonya ezithwala intsholongwane ebuthathaka okanye ezinye ezinentsholongwane ye-passive. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, kufuneka udibane nogqirha wezilwanyana iingcebiso zesicwangciso sesitofu sokugonya seekhweni. Ngokunjalo, izitofu ezimbini zokugonya ezinokusetyenziswa ebantwini zinokuthengwa emarikeni.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane zengcongconi ngokutshisa indawo, nto leyo engafanelekanga kuba ichaphazela ezinye ii-arthropods kunye nezinye iindidi ezinganxulumananga nesifo kwaphela. Kukhethwa ukusetyenziswa kwezigxothi zalapha ekhaya kodwa ezisebenza kakhulu.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweinethi zeengcongconi, ukutshisa kunye nococeko kwizitali. Thintela amanzi ukuba angazinzi kumadama okanye kumagubu apho iingcongconi zinokuzalela khona.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwazo zonke ezi ndlela zokuthintela kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kuqhambuke ubhubhane phakathi kwee-equines.
Amanye amanqaku ayakunomdla ngokuqinisekileyo ngala:
- Ukuba amahashe ayatya?
- Ixhama
- Izilwanyana ezanyisayo