Abantu abaninzi bathanda ukuzibuza, Umoya ubandakanya ntoni Ewe, lowo ngomnye wemibandela eza kuxutyushwa namhlanje. Ngokukwanjalo, kuboniswa ukuba xa siqalisa ukucacisa ngendawo ekuyo umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, kunokutshiwo ukuba lo nguye ophethe ukugcinwa kweegesi ezithile kumazantsi esi sijikelezi-langa sethu.
Kulo myalelo weengcamango, umsebenzi oyintloko wale nxalenye ebalulekileyo ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokuthintela Inkwenkwezi yenkosi imitha Ngequbuliso ungene kwiplanethi yethu kwaye uvumele ubomi obungcono kwabo bahlala eMhlabeni.
Inyaniso ebalulekileyo yeyokuba ayingoMhlaba kuphela onomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, zikho nezinye iiplanethi eziwonwabelayo.
Yintoni umoya kunye nokwakheka kwawo
Ngomzuzu wokubonisa ukuba i-atmosfera iqulethe ntoni, sinokugqiba ukuba ngeegesi zayo inokukhusela ubukho bobomi kwiiplanethi ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-atmosfera yenziwe yi-21% ye-oxygen, i-78% ye-nitrogen, i-1% yomphunga wamanzi kunye nexabiso elincinci leminye imiphunga efana ne-argon okanye i-carbon monoxide. Ngokumalunga noku kungasentla, iatmosfera yahlulwe yaba ziingubo ezininzi apho kudlula khona izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezahlukeneyo, ezi:
1. Troposphere
Esinye seziseko okanye iileya ezinomoya ojikeleze umhlaba, ngokungathandabuzekiyo i-troposphere, leyo ibekwe phezu komhlaba. Phakathi kwezinye zeempawu zayo kukuba ayibonisi nto kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi kwe-75% yobunzima be-atmospheric.
Ngaloo ngqiqo, i troposphere inendawo ekungathandabuzekiyo ukuba lolona bushushu buzinzileyo, ekubeni ndikhankanya "umaleko we-thermal" okanye "umgibe obandayo" kwaye bafumana la magama ekubeni ngabo kuphela abanobuchule bokubonelela ngenkonzo apho igesi yamanzi angakwaziyo. andingene ngakumbi njengoko etshintsha abe ngumkhenkce aze abhanxeke. Ukuba bekungekho mgibe ubandayo, uMhlaba ubunokuwachitha onke amanzi awo.
Imozulu, esihlala rhoqo, ngokufanayo kubangelwa kwi troposphere. Ubushushu obungafaniyo bemimandla ye-troposphere yiLanga buvela kwi-convection yesiqhelo kunye nemimoya. I-tropopause iqhubeka njengodonga olungabonakaliyo kwaye kukwazi ukuqonda apho amafu kunye nexesha elimangalisayo lenziwa ngaphakathi kuyo.
2. I-Stratosphere
Enye indawo onayo iatmosfera ngokungathandabuzekiyo yile stratosphere, oku kubekwe phezu kwale ikhankanywe ngasentla. Iphuhliswa ukusuka kumhlaba we-15 ukuya kwi-50 km. Le yindawo enobushushu obuphezulu kunetroposphere.
3. IMesosphere
Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ekubeni isahlulo sesithathu somoya sisemoyeni mesosphere ebekwe phezu kwaleyo ikhankanywe kwinqaku lesibini. Umgama phakathi kolu maleko kunye neplanethi yethu malunga ne-50 ukuya kwi-80 km. Ngale ndlela, oku kuchazwa njengeyona ndawo ibanda kakhulu ngexesha kusenziwa umphakamo. Apha iinkwenkwezi eziziibhakabhaka ziyabola, zitshintsha zibe ziinkwenkwezi ezidubulayo esizibona ngobusuku obuthile.
4. Thermosphere
La ubushushu, umaleko wethu wesine we-atmosfera unomgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ngokubhekiselele kumaqondo obushushu, kunokuthiwa oku kwahlukile kokwangaphambili kuba kushushu ngokupheleleyo. Kwelinye icala, yenziwe ngokweeathom ezitshajiweyo zombane, utshilo ii-ion.
A la ubushushu ichaphazela i-heterosphere, ummandla apho kungekho lungiselelo elifanayo leegesi. Nangona iigesi zingaxutywanga kakuhle, nangona kunjalo zihlulwe kwi-togas, ehambelana nobuninzi bazo beemolekyuli. Ngokuchasene nemiphunga ye-homosphere (ihlala kwi-troposphere, i-stratosphere, kunye ne-mesosphere) eyenziwa ngokufanayo.
5. Exosphere
Ekugqibeleni, xa sibhekisa kwi indawo yokugqibela yomoya, sinokuthi le yi indawo engaphandle. Ngoko ke yeyona capuz ithambileyo kwaye isebenza njenge-metamorphosis ukuya kummandla ongenawo umphunga okanye ubunzima obucingelwayo. Kwesi sigaba sokugqibela, umxhuzulane ukwinqanaba elisezantsi, okukhokelela ekubeni eminye imiphunga ingakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo.
Iimpawu zomoya
Ezinye zeempawu ezithi i iatmosfera, Bazi:
1. Indawo
La Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba Ibekwe kufutshane nomphezulu weplanethi, isanda ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-10.000 ukusuka ezinkwenkwezini, kumaleko amaninzi alinganayo okanye alinganayo omphunga.
I-75% yobunzima bayo obuguquguqukayo ibekwe kwi-11 km yokuqala yokuvelela ukusuka e- ubuso bolwandle, kwaye njengoko efumana ukuphakama ngokukwanjalo ufumana umlinganiselo obalulekileyo woxinzelelo.
2. Umgaqo-siseko
La umgaqo-siseko womoya itshintshile kuyo yonke imbali yehlabathi, ngakumbi ukususela kwimvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, ukuba sichitha imiphunga ethile kwaye sibangele abanye. Nangona kunjalo, ubume bayo ngokusisiseko yi-78% yenitrogen kunye ne-21% yeoksijini, kunye neminye imiphunga ebalulekileyo efana ne-hydrogen, i-carbon dioxide, i-ozone, i-argon, kunye nezinye iigesi ezintle. Ngokunjalo, ukumelwa okungaphaya komphunga wamanzi kulawula.
Ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko
Impembelelo yegreenhouse yaziwa njengokumelwa komphunga womoya onjengekharbon diokside eyenza umaleko oshinyeneyo emoyeni kwaye ucothise ukukhutshwa kobushushu obusemhlabeni (obufana neendonga zegreenhouse). Esi siphumo sibalulekile kulondolozo lobushushu bomhlaba, obuyimfuneko ebomini.
Isiphelo kwiatmosfera
I-atmosfera yahlulwe yangamaleko, eyahluka kwiqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela idala isidanga esibhekiselele kwithambeka le-atmospheric thermal. Ezi ngubo ziya kuba:
Troposphere: Ingubo esezantsi, ehamba ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 zokuphakama. Ngumaleko apho i iziganeko zomoya kwaye isiphelo se-hood sibekwe kwiqondo lobushushu le -50 °C.
Ubume bendawo: Ngenye indlela, sifumana iStratosphere ehamba ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-50 ukuphakama, icwangciswe ngokwamabakala ahlukeneyo okanye amaxesha omoya (kungoko igama layo elingengowalo). Kuyo, i-metamorphosis ye-oksijini kwi-ozone ivela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet, unobangela obangela ubushushu, ukuqonda apho amaqondo obushushu anyuka kulo maleko (-3 °C).
Ozonosphere: Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, lixesha le-stratosphere, apho ubuninzi be-ozone buvela khona kwaye, ngoko ke, i-ozone ephathwayo ifunyenwe ekhusela iplanethi kwibhobhobhobho yemitha yelanga, imanzisa ngaphezu kwe-95% yelanga. bona.
Umyalezo: Kwimeko yeMesosphere, ikhula phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-80 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama, kwaye ibambe kuphela i-0,1% yobunzima bomoya we-atmospheric. Ngowona mmandla ubandayo kwi-atmosfera yonke: ifikelela kumaqondo obushushu angama-80 °C.
I-Ionosphere: Ngendlela efanayo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermosphere, isuka kwi-90 ukuya kwi-800 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama, kwaye kuyo iqondo lokushisa linyuka ngokuphakama, ngokuhambelana nokubonakaliswa kwemitha yelanga. Amaqondo obushushu e-1500 °C kunye namaqondo aphezulu aphezulu ashicilelwe kuyo.
Umoya: Ekugqibeleni, ukuba sithetha ngento equlethwe yi-atmosfera, asikwazi ukushiya enye yeengqimba zayo, i-Exosphere, lo ngumaleko ongaphandle we-atmosphere, ofundisa kwiikhilomitha ezingama-800 kwaye uphela kwi-10.000. Apho iiathom ziyawohloka zisiya esibhakabhakeni, kwaye ngummandla ohambayo phakathi kwenkwenkwezi yethu kunye necosmos engaphandle.